Geothermal Energy R&D: An Overview of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Geothermal Technologies Office

Abstract Geothermal energy can provide answers to many of America’s essential energy questions. The United States has tremendous geothermal resources, as illustrated by the results of the DOE GeoVision analysis, but technical and non-technical barriers have historically stood in the way of widespread deployment of geothermal energy. The U.S. Department of Energy’s Geothermal Technologies Office within the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy has invested more than $470 million in research and development (R&D) since 2015 to meet its three strategic goals: (1) unlock the potential of enhanced geothermal systems, (2) advance technologies to increase geothermal energy on the U.S. electricity grid, and (3) support R&D to expand geothermal energy opportunities throughout the United States. This paper describes many of those R&D initiatives and outlines future directions in geothermal research.

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Introduction to this special section: Geothermal energy

The Leading Edge ◽

10.1190/tle39120855.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (12) ◽

pp. 855-856

Author(s):

J. O. Kaven ◽

D. C. Templeton ◽

Arpita P. Bathija

Keyword(s):

Geothermal Energy ◽

Special Section ◽

Renewable Resource ◽

The United States ◽

Geothermal Systems ◽

Geothermal Resources ◽

Elevated Pressures ◽

Generation Capacity ◽

Direct Use

Geothermal energy is a global renewable resource that has the potential to provide a significant portion of baseload energy in many regions. In the United States, it has the potential to provide 8.5% of the electric generation capacity by the middle of the century. In general, geothermal systems require heat, permeability, and water to be viable for energy generation. However, with current technologies, only heat is strictly necessary in a native system. Engineered geothermal systems (EGS) introduce water into the subsurface at elevated pressures and reduced temperatures and enhance permeability through hydraulic and/or shear fracturing. Additionally, although moderate- to high-temperature resources currently dominate geothermal energy production, low-temperature resources have been utilized for direct-use cases. When well balanced and maintained, geothermal resources can produce significant amounts of heat and achieve long-term sustainability on the order of an estimated tens to hundreds of years.

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Current trends in the development of geothermal resources

Georesursy ◽

10.18599/grs.2020.4.113-122 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 113-122

Author(s):

Alexander N. Shulyupin ◽

Natalia N. Varlamova

Keyword(s):

Geothermal Energy ◽

Technology Development ◽

Local Heat ◽

Enhanced Geothermal Systems ◽

Geothermal Systems ◽

Geothermal Resources ◽

Current Trends ◽

Geothermal Fields ◽

The World ◽

Development Processes

Based on the analysis of publications in world publications, as well as a generalization of the experience of developing domestic geothermal fields, current trends in the development of geothermal resources are shown. The key trend is considered to be the transition from subsidized to commercial projects, which increases the relevance of research in areas that have a significant impact on the economic efficiency of resource development processes, primarily in the direction of geothermal technologies. In terms of subsidized projects that set research goals, the most relevant are works in the direction of EGS (Enhanced Geothermal Systems). Moreover, there is a tendency towards the creation of international interdisciplinary collaborative research teams. It is noted that the current level of technology development allows producing geothermal energy for use in local heat supply systems practically anywhere in the world. However, given the concentration of power per unit area, the basis of modern geothermal energy is still the direction associated with the rise of deep fluids to the surface in areas characterized by the presence of ascending flows of hot juvenile fluids. It is indicated that Russia is lagging behind the world level of progress in the development of geothermal resources, including in terms of current research and development directions, and measures are proposed to overcome this lag.

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An American Language

10.1525/california/9780520297067.001.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Rosina Lozano

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

National Policy ◽

The United States ◽

Spanish Language ◽

Spanish Speakers ◽

Language Recognition ◽

Political Language ◽

Political Issue ◽

History Of ◽

The U.S

An American Language is a political history of the Spanish language in the United States. The nation has always been multilingual and the Spanish language in particular has remained as an important political issue into the present. After the U.S.-Mexican War, the Spanish language became a language of politics as Spanish speakers in the U.S. Southwest used it to build territorial and state governments. In the twentieth century, Spanish became a political language where speakers and those opposed to its use clashed over what Spanish's presence in the United States meant. This book recovers this story by using evidence that includes Spanish language newspapers, letters, state and territorial session laws, and federal archives to profile the struggle and resilience of Spanish speakers who advocated for their language rights as U.S. citizens. Comparing Spanish as a language of politics and as a political language across the Southwest and noncontiguous territories provides an opportunity to measure shifts in allegiance to the nation and exposes differing forms of nationalism. Language concessions and continued use of Spanish is a measure of power. Official language recognition by federal or state officials validates Spanish speakers' claims to US citizenship. The long history of policies relating to language in the United States provides a way to measure how U.S. visions of itself have shifted due to continuous migration from Latin America. Spanish-speaking U.S. citizens are crucial arbiters of Spanish language politics and their successes have broader implications on national policy and our understanding of Americans.

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Palestine Unbound

Journal of Palestine Studies ◽

10.1525/jps.2018.47.3.130 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 130-134

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Human Rights ◽

Task Force ◽

The United States ◽

Donald Trump ◽

Tel Aviv ◽

The Us ◽

Intention To Move ◽

Arab Israeli Conflict ◽

The U.S

This section, updated regularly on the blog Palestine Square, covers popular conversations related to the Palestinians and the Arab-Israeli conflict during the quarter 16 November 2017 to 15 February 2018: #JerusalemIstheCapitalofPalestine went viral after U.S. president Donald Trump recognized Jerusalem as the capital of Israel and announced his intention to move the U.S. embassy there from Tel Aviv. The arrest of Palestinian teenager Ahed Tamimi for slapping an Israeli soldier also prompted a viral campaign under the hashtag #FreeAhed. A smaller campaign protested the exclusion of Palestinian human rights from the agenda of the annual Creating Change conference organized by the US-based National LGBTQ Task Force in Washington. And, UNRWA publicized its emergency funding appeal, following the decision of the United States to slash funding to the organization, with the hashtag #DignityIsPriceless.

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The French Way

10.23943/princeton/9780691151816.001.0001 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Richard F. Kuisel

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

French Language ◽

French Cinema ◽

Free Markets ◽

Technology Sector ◽

Aids Epidemic ◽

Political Reality ◽

Politics And Culture ◽

The U.S

There are over 1,000 McDonald's on French soil. Two Disney theme parks have opened near Paris in the last two decades. And American-inspired vocabulary such as “le weekend” has been absorbed into the French language. But as former French president Jacques Chirac put it: “The U.S. finds France unbearably pretentious. And we find the U.S. unbearably hegemonic.” Are the French fascinated or threatened by America? They Americanize yet are notorious for expressions of anti-Americanism. From McDonald's and Coca-Cola to free markets and foreign policy, this book looks closely at the conflicts and contradictions of France's relationship to American politics and culture. The book shows how the French have used America as both yardstick and foil to measure their own distinct national identity. France has charted its own path: it has welcomed America's products but rejected American policies; assailed Americ's “jungle capitalism” while liberalizing its own economy; attacked “Reaganomics” while defending French social security; and protected French cinema, television, food, and language even while ingesting American pop culture. The book examines France's role as an independent ally of the United States, but he also considers the country's failures in influencing the Reagan, Bush, and Clinton administrations. Whether investigating France's successful information technology sector or its spurning of American expertise during the AIDS epidemic, the book asks if this insistence on a French way represents a growing distance between Europe and the United States or a reaction to American globalization. Exploring cultural trends, values, public opinion, and political reality, this book delves into the complex relationship between two modern nations.

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Latino Catholicism

10.23943/princeton/9780691139791.001.0001 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Timothy Matovina

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Sixteenth Century ◽

Catholic Church ◽

Social Life ◽

Social Issues ◽

The United States ◽

Societal Impact ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Public Debates ◽

The U.S

Most histories of Catholicism in the United States focus on the experience of Euro-American Catholics, whose views on social issues have dominated public debates. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the Latino Catholic experience in America from the sixteenth century to today, and offers the most in-depth examination to date of the important ways the U.S. Catholic Church, its evolving Latino majority, and American culture are mutually transforming one another. This book highlights the vital contributions of Latinos to American religious and social life, demonstrating in particular how their engagement with the U.S. cultural milieu is the most significant factor behind their ecclesial and societal impact.

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