Tuberculosis Control Laws in the U.S.-Mexico Border Region: Legal Framework in the United States

AbstractConcrete biodeterioration is defined as the damage that the products of microorganism metabolism, in particular sulfuric acid, do to hardened concrete. In Canada and in the northern part of the United States, sewer failures from concrete biodeterioration are almost unknown. In the southern part of the United States and in Mexico, however, it is a serious and expensive problem in sewage collection systems, which rapidly deteriorate. Also, leaking sewage systems result in the loss of groundwater resources particularly important in this arid region. Almost every city in the Mexican-American border region, who's combined population is more than 15 million people, faces this problem. The U.S. cities have made some provision to face these infrastructure problems, but the Mexican cities have made less effort. We recommend here the Mexican norm (NMX-C-414-ONNCCE-2004) [1] to be reviewed, or at least that a warning be issued as a key measure to avoid concrete biodeterioration.

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The Representation of the U.S.-Mexico Border in Television News: Textual Analysis on Bodies and Security Enforcement

10.29105/gmjmx15.29-12 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (29) ◽

Author(s):

David Gonzalez Hernandez

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Textual Analysis ◽

Television News ◽

The United States ◽

Border Region ◽

Local Network ◽

News Reports ◽

Mexico Border ◽

United States Mexico ◽

The U.S

This article analyzes how television news has enhanced the role of representation of the United States-Mexico border in themes such as immigration, theme represented in “spectacular” ways related to “warfare”. Using textual analysis on TV reports, my aim is to show how local television network news in the United States (NBC) and Mexico (Televisa) construct the representation of the U.S./Mexico border through a particular conflicting vision to account for border enforcements and interventions on both sides and with similar visual strategies. The analysis centers on actual “visual text” or television news reports, which tries to demonstrates how assumptions guide the activity of local network coverage, and how, at the same time, limits what is reported in news. This consequently contributes to the perpetuation of a representation related to ¨crisis¨ in the border region.

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The Borderlands Poetics of Bruce Springsteen

Journal of the Society for American Music ◽

10.1017/s1752196309090142 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 221-241

Author(s):

ADAM LIFSHEY

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Cultural Production ◽

The United States ◽

Border Studies ◽

Border Region ◽

Academic Field ◽

Spanish Speaking ◽

Mexico Border ◽

Static Images ◽

The U.S

How does the music of Bruce Springsteen interrogate prevailing constructs of the U.S.-Mexico border region? In his folk masterpiece The Ghost of Tom Joad (1995) and other works that feature Spanish-speaking protagonists, Springsteen implicitly reconceptualizes the Americas as an unbordered and fluid space. His performances enact Mexico and the United States as transamerican ideations rather than discrete nations. Although the booming academic field of border studies reframes static images of both Latin America and the United States in favor of malleable transnational paradigms, it still tends to privilege cultural production emanating from the borders themselves. This propensity does not leave much space for an engagement with canonical figures of U.S. culture such as Springsteen, a singer/songwriter who theorizes the borderlands in ways that at first may seem at odds with his career-long, conscious associations with red, white, and blue semiotics. This article examines the Hispanic presences in Springsteen's oeuvre from his debut 1973 albums onward and contrasts them with the relatively fixed representations of the borderlands in the lifework of Bob Dylan.

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Religious Overclaiming and Support for Religious Aggression

Social Psychological and Personality Science ◽

10.1177/1948550620912880 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1011-1021

Author(s):

Daniel N. Jones ◽

Adon L. Neria ◽

Farzad A. Helm ◽

Reza N. Sahlan ◽

Jessica R. Carré

Keyword(s):

The United States ◽

The Self ◽

Border Region ◽

Mechanical Turk ◽

Self Concept ◽

Religious Knowledge ◽

Three Samples ◽

Mexico Border ◽

Different Cultures ◽

The U.S

Agentic self-enhancement consists of self-protective and self-advancing tendencies that can lead to aggression, especially when challenged. Because self-enhancers often endorse aggression to defend or enhance the self-concept, religious self-enhancement should lead to endorsing aggression to defend or enhance one’s religion. We recruited three samples ( N = 969) from Mechanical Turk ( n = 409), Iran ( n = 351), and the U.S.–Mexico border region ( n = 209). We found that religious (but not secular) self-enhancement in the form of religious overclaiming predicted support for, and willingness to engage in, religious aggression. In contrast, accuracy in religious knowledge had mostly negative associations with aggression-relevant outcomes. These results emerged across two separate religions (Christianity and Islam) and across three different cultures (the United States, Iran, and the U.S.–Mexico border region). Thus, religious overclaiming is a promising new direction for studying support for religious aggression and identifying those who may become aggressive in the name of God.

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Predictors of Neurocognitive Impairment in Spanish-Speaking Latinos Living with HIV in the United States using Newly Developed Neuropsychological Test Norms

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acz029.24 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (7) ◽

pp. 1257-1257

Author(s):

M A Hussain ◽

L Kamalyan ◽

M M Diaz ◽

A Umlauf ◽

D R Franklin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Minority Groups ◽

Neuropsychological Test ◽

The United States ◽

Neurocognitive Impairment ◽

Border Region ◽

Hiv Disease ◽

Spanish Speaking ◽

Mexico Border ◽

Living With Hiv

Abstract Objective HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (NCI) is prevalent and impactful. Yet, there is an absence of published studies that investigate its correlates among Spanish-speaking Latinos living in mainland US- a demographic that represents a large and vulnerable segment of the HIV+ population. The goal of the current study was to examine predictors of NCI among Spanish-speaking Latinos with HIV living in the United States. Participants and Method 153 Spanish-speaking Latinos living with HIV from the US-Mexico border region (Age: M = 38.2, SD = 9.7; Education: M = 10.9, SD = 3.6; 73% female; 56% AIDS) completed comprehensive neuropsychological, neuromedical, and psychiatric evaluations in Spanish. Scores across 7 cognitive domains were converted to a Global Deficit Score (GDS) based on T-scores on individual tests using newly developed, region specific, and demographically-corrected norms for Spanish-speaking Latinos. NCI was determined using cutoff of GDS > 0.5 (39.2% of sample). Examined predictors included HIV disease characteristics (e.g., AIDS status, current CD4 count, duration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) exposure) and psychiatric comorbidities. Results A multivariable logistic regression - including predictors that were associated with NCI in univariable analyses - showed a significant interaction between lifetime history of substance use disorder (LT SUD) and duration of ART exposure, after accounting for AIDS status (LR Chi2 = 3.99, p = 0.046). Stratified analyses showed that among participants who did not have LT SUD, longer ART exposure was associated with decreased NCI (p = 0.01), while rates of NCI among those with LT SUD were not influenced by months of ART exposure (p = 0.91). Conclusions Present findings showed that HIV disease burden and psychiatric characteristics might interact to impact NCI among Spanish-speaking Latinos. Considering these influences may help in the provision of comprehensive care to Spanish-speaking, Latino minority groups that suffer from NCI and HIV.

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Sovereignty, citizenship and educating refugees in the United States

European Educational Research Journal ◽

10.1177/1474904120966422 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 147490412096642

Author(s):

Jill Koyama

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Public Schools ◽

Public Education ◽

English Language ◽

Language Education ◽

The United States ◽

Border Region ◽

Refugee Students ◽

Proposition 203 ◽

Mexico Border

Public education in the United States acts as a governmental tool of neoliberalism, through which state power and sovereignty are deployed and transformed in daily life. Here, I examine how the divergence of sovereignty is exerted over refugee students and their families in US public education. Drawing on 42 months of ethnographic data collected on refugee and other immigrant networks in Southern Arizona, a US–Mexico border region marked by increasing anti-immigrant policies and practices, I reveal how the everyday practices and policies of one school district reflect and reinforce the government’s control over refugee students. I argue that the ways in which the students are sorted, marginalized, and denied opportunities as learners is inextricable from their positioning as non-citizens by the federal and state governments. Specifically, I demonstrate the linkages between the federal education policy, Every School Succeeds Act, Arizona State’s Proposition 203: English Language Education for the Children in Public Schools, which eliminated bilingual education, and the school district’s approach to teaching refugee students. Finally, I offer recommendations for creating more inclusive, assets-based learning environments for refugee students that push back against the neoliberal favoring of competition and one-size-fits-all solutions in public education.

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Mexican Structural Reforms and the United States Congress

Mexican Law Review ◽

10.22201/iij.24485306e.2017.18.10776 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (18) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Ana María Zorrilla Noriega

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Legal Framework ◽

United States Congress ◽

Structural Reforms ◽

Efficient Manner ◽

Bilateral Relationship ◽

Mexican Government ◽

To Receive ◽

The U.S

Diverse structural reforms were enacted in Mexico during 2013 and 2014. Since these reforms were made on the constitutional level, they must be translated into specific laws and regulations; and more importantly, they must be implemented in an efficient manner. As Mexico is experiencing this transformation, its relations with United States are also evolving. This transition will probably imply new challenges with regard to different aspects of the bilateral relationship. Considering that the U.S. Congress plays a significant role in shaping those relations, the purpose of this article is to analyze some significant issues that have received or are likely to receive special attention in the U.S. Congress. This article is divided into seven sections. The first one presents an analysis of the complexity of U.S.-Mexico relations. The second part includes an explanation regarding Mexican reforms of 2013 and 2014, as well as the resulted transition in the bilateral relationship. The next four sections address significant pillars of this relationship: security, economy, migration, and energy. Each of these parts comprises a general overview of the U.S.-Mexico relations in that specific matter; a description of the views of the Mexican government and reforms of its constitutional and legal framework; and an analysis of the most relevant legislative actions that have recently taken place or are likely to receive attention in the U.S. Congress. The seventh section addresses other relevant aspects that should be taken into account in the policyand law-making processes.

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Late 19th-Century Periodical Print Culture in the US–Mexico Border Region

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Literature ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780190201098.013.1162 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Donna M. Kabalen de Bichara

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

19Th Century ◽

Print Culture ◽

The United States ◽

Border Region ◽

Late 19Th Century ◽

Nuevo Leon ◽

The Us ◽

Mexico Border ◽

Us Mexico Border

Hundreds of 19th-century newspapers and magazines published in the region of the US–Mexico border are housed in archival collections in Mexico and the United States, and they provide access to historical, cultural, and ideological perspectives involving two world spheres that are intimately connected. Archival collections in the following databases provide access to periodicals published in the United States as well as in Mexico: the Newspaper and Periodicals Collection at the National Autonomous University of Mexico; the Readex Collection of Hispanic American Newspapers, 1808–1980; the Nettie Lee Benson Library’s microfilmed collection of 19th-century independent newspapers; the digital collection of periodicals and magazines from the Capilla Alfonsina Biblioteca Universitaria and the Biblioteca Universitaria Raúl Rangel Frias, at the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León; and the EBSCO Arte Público Hispanic Historical Collections, Series 1 and 2. These collections house digitized and microfilmed newspapers that include those published in the US states of California, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, and Texas, as well as Mexican states such as Baja California, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas. The region includes areas that share not only a physical border but also a cultural memory based on the effects of historical collisions that have contributed to the formation of new meanings regarding these world spheres that can be understood as two intersecting semiotic systems that exist as a continuum. The intersection of these spaces represents the transnational aspect of periodical print culture of the late 19th century that communicates worldviews that are semiotically and ideologically heterogeneous. Indeed, cultural spaces that exist in the borderland (or that symbolic space that forms a border or frontier in a cultural sense), are semiotic realities that unfold in unpredictable and indeterminate ways as a result of historical processes. Periodical print culture produced in the border region provides access to diverse social, cultural, political, and religious perspectives. Furthermore, the history of print culture involves a process of communication of both social and cultural history. As objects of study, borderland newspapers ultimately provide the basis for understanding the circulation of ideas.

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Newly incident cannabis use in the United States, 2002–2011: a regional and state level benchmark

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.3616 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. e3616 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jacob P. Leinweber ◽

Hui G. Cheng ◽

Catalina Lopez-Quintero ◽

James C. Anthony

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Incidence Rate ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

State Level ◽

The United States ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Border Region ◽

Community Residents ◽

Mexico Border

BackgroundCannabis use and cannabis regulatory policies recently re-surfaced as noteworthy global research and social media topics, including claims that Mexicans have been sending cannabis and other drug supplies through a porous border into the United States. These circumstances prompted us to conduct an epidemiological test of whether the states bordering Mexico had exceptionally large cannabis incidence rates for 2002–2011. The resulting range of cannabis incidence rates disclosed here can serve as 2002–2011 benchmark values against which estimates from later years can be compared.MethodsThe population under study is 12-to-24-year-old non-institutionalized civilian community residents of the US, sampled and assessed with confidential audio computer-assisted self-interviews (ACASI) during National Surveys on Drug Use and Health, 2002–2011 (aggregaten ∼ 420,000) for which public use datasets were available. We estimated state-specific cannabis incidence rates based on independent replication sample surveys across these years, and derived meta-analysis estimates for 10 pre-specified regions, including the Mexico border region.ResultsFrom meta-analysis, the estimated annual incidence rate for cannabis use in the Mexico Border Region is 5% (95% CI [4%–7%]), which is not an exceptional value relative to the overall US estimate of 6% (95% CI [5%–6%]). Geographically quite distant from Mexico and from states of the western US with liberalized cannabis policies, the North Atlantic Region population has the numerically largest incidence estimate at 7% (95% CI [6%–8%]), while the Gulf of Mexico Border Region population has the lowest incidence rate at 5% (95% CI [4%–6%]). Within the set of state-specific estimates, Vermont’s and Utah’s populations have the largest and smallest incidence rates, respectively (VT: 9%; 95% CI [8%–10%]; UT: 3%; 95% CI [3%–4%]).DiscussionBased on this study’s estimates, among 12-to-24-year-old US community residents, an estimated 6% start to use cannabis each year (roughly one in 16). Relatively minor variation in region-wise and state-level estimates is seen, although Vermont and Utah might be exceptional. As of 2011, proximity to Mexico, to Canada, and to the western states with liberalized policies apparently has induced little variation in cannabis incidence rates. Our primary intent was to create a set of benchmark estimates for state-specific and region-specific population incidence rates for cannabis use, using meta-analysis based on independent US survey replications. Public health officials and policy analysts now can use these benchmark estimates from 2002–2011 for planning, and in comparisons with newer estimates.

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Understanding of Mexican Migration to the United States: Rifts and Challenges

Journal of Arts & Social Sciences ◽

10.46662/jass-vol8-iss1-2021(72-82) ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rana Basam Khan ◽

◽

Muhammad Nawaz Bhatti ◽

Ghulam Mustafa ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

El Paso ◽

Rio Grande ◽

The United States ◽

Mexican Migration ◽

Mexican Migrants ◽

Social Defense ◽

Basic Segment ◽

Mexico Border ◽

The U.S

It has been decades since legislative issues have thought about social, defense, and compassionate issues of migration which has become a touchstone in U.S strategy discussion. Mexican migration to the U.S started in 1848. It has proceeded to the present with no critical interference, something that makes this work movement very particular as a basic segment of the American work advertise. Generally started with enormous development, driven by starvation, political problems, open doors in the U.S; that point eased back, tightened, or unexpectedly finished, from 1850 to 1882, similar to the case of the Chinese. The details show that Mexico is a key source of settlers in U.S and has long been a major source of enemy contact with refugees, but so many have been focusing on Mexico and not the other countries which have also become major sources of illegal immigrants. The United States and Mexico are bordered with California, San Diego, and Baja California, Tijuana, and the Pacific Ocean. The boundary stretches eastward to El Paso, Ciudad Juarez and Chihuahua, Texas, on the Rio Grande. From that point the border continues south-east along the Rio Grande River until the end of it in the Gulf of Mexico. Border stretching of over 1945 miles is insufficiently regulated. Only old solid markers, rusty safety clasp and spoiled dry fence posts can be found in many parts of the place, and the river Grande that over the centuries has continuously changed its course separating both nations. U.S endeavors to control passages and exit adequately have been focused principally along the most profoundly dealt transit courses driving to north. U.S. powerlessness to control all the Mexican boundary has proven that any Mexican involved in operating in the U.S seldom discovers that the frontier is an unlikely trap Through the span of the most recent 170 years, Mexican migrants have to a great extent worked in horticulture, farming, mining, and railroad development.

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