Bending Stability of Corrugated Tubes with Anisotropic Frustum Shells

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Zhongyuan Wo ◽  
Evgueni Filipov
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Bending Energy ◽  
Reduced Order ◽  
Stability Behavior ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Corrugated Tube ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Linkage Model

Abstract Thin-walled corrugated tubes that have a bending multi-stability, such as the bendy straw, allow for variable orientations over the tube length. Compared to the long history of corrugated tubes in practical applications, the mechanics of the bending stability and how it is affected by the cross-sections and other geometric parameters remain unknown. To explore the geometry-driven bending stabilities, we used several tools, including a reduced-order simulation package, a simplified linkage model, and physical prototypes. We found the bending stability of a circular two-unit corrugated tube is dependent on the longitudinal geometry and the stiffness of the crease lines that connect separate frusta. Thinner shells, steeper cones, and weaker creases are required to achieve bending bi-stability. We then explored how the bending stability changes as the cross-section becomes elongated or distorted with concavity. We found the bending bi-stability is favored by deep and convex cross-sections, while wider cross-sections with a large concavity remain mono-stable. The different geometries influence the amounts of stretching and bending energy associated with bending the tube. The stretching energy has a bi-stable profile and can allow for a stable bent configuration, but it is counteracted by the bending energy which increases monotonically. The findings from this work can enable informed design of corrugated tube systems with desired bending stability behavior.

scholarly journals Nuclear Data Relevant to the Production of Radioiodine I-123, I-125 by Indirect Route and Medical Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
Iman Tarik Al-Alawy ◽  
Raghad Saadoon Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Nuclear Data ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Proton Beam Energy ◽  
Exfor Library ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Indirect Route

The use of radioactive Iodine plays an important role in the treatment of some diseases and diagnosis of others, since they have suitable half-life. The radioactivity emitted from the dissolution of radioactive I-123 and I-125, such as the emission of Auger electrons, positrons and gamma rays reduce the spread of these diseases. Therefore, in this work we discuss the Iodine production via indirect reactions. In order to calculate the cross sections of these reactions for the mentioned target elements, we recommended the cross sections for EXFOR library using the recom.m program, which is written in the present work using Matlab-8, the data are taken from different authors. In order to supply accurate databases for different practical purposes such as proton beam energy monitoring, I-123 and I-125 radioisotopes production, we have evaluated the cross section collected from IAEA for EXFOR library measured by different authors of (p,xn), (d,xn) nuclear process. The selected data and our recommended cross sections were developed for practical applications. Since the preliminary overview of the cross section measurements up to 160MeV showed that there are discrepancies between the literature results.

The cross sections for different channels in heavy ion nuclear reactions

1971 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Galin ◽  
D. Guerreau ◽  
M. Lefort ◽  
X. Tarrago
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
The Cross

Experimental Studies Of Multilayer Glass Structures On Compression, Compression With Bending And Simple Bending

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Laminated Glass ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Experimental Values

The work of multilayer glass structures for central and eccentric compression and bending are considered. The substantiation of the chosen research topic is made. The description and features of laminated glass for the structures investigated, their characteristics are presented. The analysis of the results obtained when testing for compression, compression with bending, simple bending of models of columns, beams, samples of laminated glass was made. Overview of the types and nature of destruction of the models are presented, diagrams of material operation are constructed, average values of the resistance of the cross-sections of samples are obtained, the table of destructive loads is generated. The need for development of a set of rules and guidelines for the design of glass structures, including laminated glass, for bearing elements, as well as standards for testing, rules for assessing the strength, stiffness, crack resistance and methods for determining the strength of control samples is emphasized. It is established that the strength properties of glass depend on the type of applied load and vary widely, and significantly lower than the corresponding normative values of the strength of heat-strengthened glass. The effect of the connecting polymeric material and manufacturing technology of laminated glass on the strength of the structure is also shown. The experimental values of the elastic modulus are different in different directions of the cross section and in the direction perpendicular to the glass layers are two times less than along the glass layers.

scholarly journals Total cross sections of eγ → $$ eX\overline{X} $$ processes with X = μ, γ, e via multiloop methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman N. Lee ◽  
Alexey A. Lyubyakin ◽  
Vyacheslav A. Stotsky
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Elliptic Integral ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Complete Elliptic Integral ◽  
Total Cross Sections ◽  
Multiloop Calculation ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Analytical Expressions

Abstract Using modern multiloop calculation methods, we derive the analytical expressions for the total cross sections of the processes e−γ →$$ {e}^{-}X\overline{X} $$ e − X X ¯ with X = μ, γ or e at arbitrary energies. For the first two processes our results are expressed via classical polylogarithms. The cross section of e−γ → e−e−e+ is represented as a one-fold integral of complete elliptic integral K and logarithms. Using our results, we calculate the threshold and high-energy asymptotics and compare them with available results.

Getting Jesus off the altar: Undoing atonement readings in Revelation

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Anna M. V. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cross

The interpretive history of Revelation is overrun with descriptions of Jesus as a sacrificial lamb. Yet, John never uses the popular phrase to describe him. By drawing attention to four significant omissions in the text, I argue against atonement readings of “the Lamb” in Revelation. Revelation is not a theological treatise on the meaning of the cross. It feeds questions about power and violence and admonishes the seven churches against participation in their imperial context. John’s slaughtered lamb, therefore, does not evoke a paschal sacrifice; it points to Rome’s penchant for violence. Joining the other bloodied bodies in Revelation, the lamb’s blood further incriminates Rome. Everywhere one looks in John’s depiction of empire, violence lurks. Finally, the only altar in Revelation is the heavenly altar, and this altar is not a place for sacrifice. The heavenly altar is a place where the laments of the suffering are heard, a place for worshipping God, and a place where Rome will meet its judgment. John’s Jesus is not a self-sacrificing spiritual savior; he bears witness to the bloodthirsty, massacre-loving beast-of-all-beasts. Churches must choose their allegiance.

Animal Pain Scales in Public Policy

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (1_part_1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
F. Barbara Orlans
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Animal Pain ◽  
Pain Scales ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Pain scales classify the severity of pain inflicted on laboratory animals from little or none up to severe. A pain scale as part of public policy serves beneficial purposes that promote animal welfare. It can be used to educate people about the two alternatives of refinement and replacement, and the need to reduce animal pain. Furthermore, a pain scale has practical applications: 1) in review procedures for animal welfare concerns; 2) in developing policies on the use of animals in education; and 3) as a basis for collecting national data on animal experimentation, so that meaningful data can be collected on trends in reduction and control in animal pain. So far, only a few countries (including Sweden, the Netherlands, Canada and New Zealand) have adopted pain scales as part of their public policy. Most countries, including the United States, have not yet done so. The history of the development and adoption of pain scales by various countries is described and the case is presented for wider adoption of a pain scale in countries not currently using one.

Streptococcus pluranimalium meningoencephalitis in a horse

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110234
Author(s):  
Dah-Jiun Fu ◽  
Akhilesh Ramachandran ◽  
Craig Miller
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Quarter Horse ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci ◽  
Formalin Fixed

A 3-y-old, female Quarter Horse with a history of acute neurologic signs was found dead and was submitted for postmortem examination. Areas of petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhage were present on cross-sections of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. Histologic examination of the brain revealed severe, purulent meningoencephalitis and vasculitis with a myriad of intralesional gram-positive cocci. Streptococcus pluranimalium was identified from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue obtained from sites with active lesions by PCR and nucleotide sequencing of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA. S. pluranimalium should be considered as a cause of meningoencephalitis in a horse.

scholarly journals Asymptotic Behavior of Stable Structures Made of Beams

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Griso ◽  
Larysa Khilkova ◽  
Julia Orlik ◽  
Olena Sivak
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Behavior ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Linear Elasticity ◽  
Circular Cross Section ◽  
Linear Elasticity Theory ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Small Rotation ◽  
Stable Structures

AbstractIn this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of an $\varepsilon $ ε -periodic 3D stable structure made of beams of circular cross-section of radius $r$ r when the periodicity parameter $\varepsilon $ ε and the ratio ${r/\varepsilon }$ r / ε simultaneously tend to 0. The analysis is performed within the frame of linear elasticity theory and it is based on the known decomposition of the beam displacements into a beam centerline displacement, a small rotation of the cross-sections and a warping (the deformation of the cross-sections). This decomposition allows to obtain Korn type inequalities. We introduce two unfolding operators, one for the homogenization of the set of beam centerlines and another for the dimension reduction of the beams. The limit homogenized problem is still a linear elastic, second order PDE.

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