Wear Measurements of Diamond-Like Carbon Coated Proximity Recording Sliders Using Raman Spectroscopy

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 288-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidekazu Kohira ◽  
F. E. Talke
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Spindle Speed ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Diamond Like Carbon ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Sliding Distance

The wear behavior of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coated sliders for proximity recording is investigated as a function of sliding distance, spindle speed and slider “interference height” using Raman spectroscopy. Both constant speed drag tests simulating track following and “slew” tests simulating track seeking were performed. The results indicate that track seeking increases the wear rate of DLC coated sliders dramatically during the first stages of a seek test. The results also show that wear of the DLC layer depends strongly on sliding distance and interference height of the slider. [S0742-4787(00)03801-7]

Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of 2218 Al-Alloy-Al2O3(TiO2) Hybrid Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vineet Tirth
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Aged Alloy ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Mathematical Relationship ◽  
Sliding Distance

AA2218–Al2O3(TiO2) composites are synthesized by stirring 2, 5, and 7 wt % of 1:2 mixture of Al2O3:TiO2 powders in molten AA2218 alloy. T61 heat-treated composites characterized for microstructure and hardness. Dry sliding wear tests conducted on pin-on-disk setup at available loads 4.91–13.24 N, sliding speed of 1.26 m/s up to sliding distance of 3770 m. Stir cast AA2218 alloy (unreinforced, 0 wt % composite) wears quickly by adhesion, following Archard's law. Aged alloy exhibits lesser wear rate than unaged (solutionized). Mathematical relationship between wear rate and load proposed for solutionized and peak aged alloy. Volume loss in wear increases linearly with sliding distance but drops with the increase in particle wt % at a given load, attributed to the increase in hardness due to matrix reinforcement. Minimum wear rate is recorded in 5 wt % composite due to increased particles retention, lesser porosity, and uniform particle distribution. In composites, wear phenomenon is complex, combination of adhesive and abrasive wear which includes the effect of shear rate, due to sliding action in composite, and abrasive effect (three body wear) of particles. General mathematical relationship for wear rate of T61 aged composite as a function of particle wt % load is suggested. Fe content on worn surface increases with the increase in particle content and counterface temperature increases with the increase in load. Coefficient of friction decreases with particle addition but increases in 7 wt % composite due to change in microstructure.

Investigation of the Wear Behavior of AA6082 Against Different Counterparts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safiye İpek Ayvaz ◽  
Mehmet Ayvaz
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Specific Wear Rate ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Disk Method ◽  
Sliding Distance ◽  
Oxidation Wear

In this study, the effect of different counterparts on the wear resistance of AA6082 aluminum alloy was investigated. In tests using pin-on-disk method, 6 mm diameter Al2O3, 100Cr6 and WC-6Co balls were used as counterparts. The tests were carried out using 500 m sliding distance and 5N load. The lowest specific wear rate was measured as 7.58x10-4 mm3/Nm in WC-6Co / AA6082 couple, and the highest value was measured as 9.71x10-4 mm3/Nm in 100Cr6/AA6082 couple. In the Al2O3/AA6082 couple, the specific wear rate of the AA6082-T6 sample was determined as 8.23x10-4 mm3/Nm.While it was observed that the dominant wear type in the 100Cr6/AA6082 pair was abrasive wear, oxidation wear and oxide tribofilm were detected in the WC-6Co/AA6082 and Al2O3/AA6082 couple besides the abrasive wear.

Sliding Wear Behavior of a Duplex Stainless Steel

2009 ◽  
Vol 423 ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Mestra ◽  
Gemma Fargas ◽  
Marc Anglada ◽  
Antonio Mateo
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Fatigue Wear ◽  
Sliding Distance

Duplex stainless steels contain similar amounts of austenite  and ferrite α. This two-phase microstructure leads to an excellent combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. However, there are few works dealing with the wear behaviour of these steels. This paper aims to determine the sliding wear mechanisms of a duplex stainless steel type 2205. In order to do it, three different sliding velocities (0.2, 0.7 and 1.2 m/s) and six sliding distances (500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 m) were selected. The results show that wear rate depends on both sliding velocity and sliding distance. The wear mechanisms detected were plowing, microcracking and microcutting (typical mechanisms of fatigue wear). These mechanisms evolve according to sliding velocity and sliding distance, highlighting a transition zone in which wear rate is reduced.

scholarly journals Al/Graphene/CNT hybrid composites: Hardness and sliding wear studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-421
Author(s):  
Manjunath Naik ◽  
L.H. Manjunath ◽  
Vishwanath Koti ◽  
Avinash Lakshmikanthan ◽  
Praveennath Koppad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Lubricating Layer ◽  
Wear And Friction ◽  
Bulk Hardness ◽  
Graphene Content ◽  
Worn Surface ◽  
Sliding Distance

Graphene and carbon nanotubes are two carbon based materials known for their unique wear and friction properties. It would be quite interesting to understand the wear behavior of aluminium hybrid composites when these two nanosize reinforcements are incorporated into it. The hybrid composites with varying weight fractions of graphene (1, 2, 3 and 5 wt.%) and fixed CNT content of 2 wt.% were produced using powder metallurgy technique. The effect of varying graphene content on hardness and sliding wear of hybrid composites was studied. The wear tests were done as per ASTM G-99 standard with fixed sliding velocity (2 m/s) and sliding distance (1200 m) but varying applied load (10 - 30 N). Worn surface analysis was conducted using scanning electron microscope to arrive at wear mechanisms responsible for wear of aluminium and its hybrid composites. Increase in graphene content led to increase in bulk hardness with highest value of 61 RHN for hybrid composite with 3 wt.% graphene content. The wear rate of hybrid composites was found to be decreasing with enhancement in graphene content. Lower wear rate in hybrid composites was due to the formation of lubricating layer on the worn surface.

scholarly journals Optimization of Wear Process Parameters on 17-Cr Ferritic ODS Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1828-1836
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Oxide Dispersion Strengthened ◽  
Oxide Dispersion ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Steel ◽  
Wear Process ◽  
Ods Steel ◽  
Sliding Distance

The main aim of this article deals with the wear behavior of mechanically alloyed 17-Cr oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) Ferritic steel consolidated through Vacuum Hot Pressing (VHP) at temperature level of 1170 °C under pressure level of 60 MPa with 60 minutes as holding time and with rate of cooling of 50 ˚C /min and a vacuum level of 10-3 torr. The persuade of wear process parameters were investigated based on the load applied, sliding velocity and sliding distance at a temperature of 350°C on dry sliding track of 17-Cr Ferritic oxide dispersion strengthened steel (Fe-17Cr-0.35Y2O3 -1.5ZrO2 -4Al (%wt). Wear test was conducted in a dry atmosphere using a pinon-disc wear testing machine. Wear behavior of 17-Cr Ferritic ODS steel was analyzed by using Taguchi approach. To examine the process parameter during high temperature wear rate analysis of variance and signal to noise ratios were used. During the wear analysis sliding distance was found to be influential parameters of wear rate for 17-Cr Ferritic oxide dispersion strengthened steel succeeded by functional load and sliding velocity. The regression model was found to calculate the rate of wear for 17-Cr Ferritic oxide dispersion strengthened steel.

Mechanical Properties and Adhesive Scuffing Wear Behavior of Stir Cast Cu–Sn–Ni/Si3N4 Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nithesh ◽  
N. Radhika ◽  
S. Shiam Sunder
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Taguchi’S Design Of Experiments ◽  
Sliding Distance

The modern technology developments have seeded for the necessity of composite materials that are incorporated with high hardness, high tensile strength, and better wear properties. Cu–Sn–Ni alloy as well as the composites of varying weight percentage of Si3N4 (5, 10, and 15) are fabricated by liquid metallurgy technique. The alloy and composites are tested for their tensile strength and hardness on Universal Testing Machine and Vickers microhardness tester, respectively. Based on the tests, Cu–Sn–Ni/10 wt. % of Si3N4 is found to have optimum mechanical properties. The scuff type adhesive wear behavior is studied through pin-on-disk tribometer under dry sliding conditions for Cu–Sn–Ni/10 wt. % of Si3N4 composite. Taguchi's design of experiments technique based on L27 orthogonal array model is used for analyses of process parameters in three levels such as applied load (10, 20, and 30 N), sliding distance (500, 1000, and 1500 m), and sliding velocity (1, 2, and 3 m/s). The parameters are ranked based on the signal-to-noise ratio and the analysis of variance approach. Based on wear results, applied load is found to have highest stature on influencing wear rate followed by sliding distance and sliding velocity. A generalized wear rate equation is obtained based on the linear regression model and its feasibility is checked. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses revealed severe delamination occurred on maximum load condition. The development of this copper composite can have the possibility of replacing aluminum bearings.

Effect of laser surface texturing on wear resistance of nickel based superalloy

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 842-850
Author(s):  
Peter Prakash F. ◽  
Muthukannan Duraiselvam ◽  
Natarajan S. ◽  
Kannan Ganesa Balamurugan
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Surface Texturing ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Laser Surface Texturing ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nickel Based Superalloy ◽  
Sliding Distance

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effect of laser surface texturing (LST) on the wear behavior of C-263 nickel-based superalloy and to identify the optimum wear operating condition. Design/methodology/approach C-263 nickel-based superalloy was selected as substrate material and pico-second Nd-YAG laser was used to fabricate the waviness groove texture on their surface. Wear experiments were designed based on Box-Bhenken design with three factors of sliding velocity, sliding distance and applied load. Wear experiments were performed using pin on disc tribometer. Morphologies of textures and worn-out surfaces were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Surface topographies and surface roughness of the textures were evaluated by weight light interferometry. The response surface methodology was adopted to identify the optimum wear operating condition and ANOVA to identify the significant factors. Findings LST improves the wear resistance of C-263 nickel-based superalloy by appeoximately 82 per cent. Higher wear rate occurs at maximum values of all operating conditions, and applied load affects the coefficient of friction. Applied load significantly affects the wear rate of un-textured specimen. The interaction of sliding velocity and applied load also affects the wear rate of textured specimens. The optimum parameters to get minimum wear rate for un-textured specimens are 1.5 m/s sliding velocity, 725 m sliding distance and 31 N of applied load. For textured specimens, the optimum values are 1.5 m/s sliding distance, 500 m sliding distance and 40 N of the applied load. Originality/value Literature on laser texturing on nickel-based superalloy is very scarce. Specifically, the effect of laser texturing on wear behavior of the nickel-based superalloy C-263 alloy is not yet reported.

scholarly journals An investigation on dry sliding wear behavior of Al6061/ Titanium carbide/ Basalt hybrid metal matrix composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  
P. MUTHU
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Grey Relational ◽  
Sliding Distance

Dry sliding wear plays an important role in selecting material for automotive and aerospace applications. Researchers have been exploring novel aluminum matrix composites (AMC), which offer minimum wear rate for various tribological applications. The present work involves multi-objective optimization for dry sliding wear behavior of Al6061 reinforced with 6 % of Titanium carbide and 4% of basalt hybrid metal matrix composites using principal component analysis (PCA)-based grey relational analysis (GRA). In this article, the effects of input variables of wear parameters such as applied load, sliding speed and sliding distance were investigated on different output responses, namely the wear rate, friction force and specific wear rate. Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array with three-level settings was chosen for conducting experiments. Three output responses in each experiment were normalized into a weighted grey relational grade using grey relational analysis coupled with the principal component analysis. The analysis of variance indicated that sliding distance is the most influential parameter followed by load and sliding velocity that contributes to the quality characteristics. Optimal results have been verified through additional experiments.

Effect of Reinforcements on the Sliding Wear Behavior of Self-Lubricating AZ91D-SiC-Gr Hybrid Composites

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar Khatkar ◽  
Rajeev Verma ◽  
Suman Kant ◽  
Narendra Mohan Suri
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Sliding Distance

This article statistically investigates the effect of various parameters such as material factors: silicon carbide (SiC) reinforcement, graphite (Gr) reinforcement and mechanical factors: normal load, sliding distance and speed on the sliding wear rate of vacuum stir cast self-lubricating AZ91D-SiC-Gr hybrid magnesium composites. The sliding wear tests have been performed on pin-on-disc tribometer at 10-50N loads, 1-3m/s sliding speed and 1000-2000m sliding distance. It has been examined that hybrid composites yielded improved wear resistance with reinforcement of SiC and solid lubricant graphite. ANOVA and signal-to-noise ratio investigation indicated that applied load was the most critical factor influencing the wear rate, followed by sliding distance. Further, the AZ91D/5SiC/5Gr hybrid composite has exhibited the best wear properties. From the SEM and EDS analysis of worn surfaces, delamination was confirmed as the dominant wear mechanism for AZ91D-SiC-Gr hybrid composites.

The Effect on the Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Gravity Cast A357 Reinforced with Dual Size Silicon Carbide Particles

2016 ◽  
Vol 829 ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Avinash ◽  
T. Ramprabhu ◽  
Srikanth Bontha
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Cast Alloy ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Wear Loss ◽  
A357 Alloy ◽  
Severe Wear ◽  
Sliding Distance

In the present study, the composites of A357 (Al-7%Si) alloy reinforced with the bimodal sizes (~250µm (L) and ~38 µm (S)) of 6wt% SiCp and the A357 alloy were prepared by permanent mould die casting. Three different combinations of bimodal distributions were considered: (3% L + 3% S, 4% L + 2% S, and 2% L + 4% S). The wear behavior of the alloy and the composites was studied for the speed of 1 m/s and load conditions of 10-30 N with an interval of 5 N in a pin on disc apparatus. The hardness and microstructure of the composites were also characteristised. The results suggest that the addition of bimodal size of particles significantly improves the hardness and wear resistance of the alloy. Among the different combinations, the 4% L + 2% S bimodal distribution combination provides the highest wear resistance and the hardness. This result indicates that the higher amount of large size particles are more important than that of small size particles to improve the wear resistance, which implies that the particle decohesion is the rate controlling step in the present investigation. The wear rate increases with an increase of load and sliding distance. The critical load to enter into the severe wear regime for the alloy and composites is 25 N. The rapid wear loss begins above 1500 m sliding distance in the composites and the as cast alloy. The wear rate curve with respect to the sliding distance shows three regimes (1) transition period (2) steady state (3) severe wear state. The wear morphology studies show that the abrasive wear is the main wear mechanism in the bimodal size composites whereas the delamination wear is predominant in the alloy.

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