scholarly journals Advanced Gas Turbine System Utilizing Partial Oxidation Technology for Power Generation

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor M. Maslennikov ◽  
Vlacheclav M. Batenin ◽  
Victor Ja. Shterenberg ◽  
Yury A. Vyskubenko ◽  
Edward A. Tsalko
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Partial Oxidation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Power Generating Unit ◽  
Steam Power Plants ◽  
Technical And Economic Analysis ◽  
Useful Power ◽  
Oxidation Technology

A number of options for power generating unit repowering by installing topping gas turbine units, using the novel natural gas “partial oxidation” technology on basis of heavy duty and aeroderivative gas turbines, intended for modernization of existing natural gas fired steam power plants have been examined. A comparative thermodynamic, technical and economic analysis of these repowering options has been made. The additionally generated useful power and the efficiency of production of additional electricity have been used as the most important parameters for comparison with traditional repowering options. Pages 8, Figures 8, Tables 6.

Natural Gas Decarbonization to Reduce CO2 Emission From Combined Cycles—Part II: Steam-Methane Reforming

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Lozza ◽  
P. Chiesa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Partial Oxidation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Performance Estimation ◽  
Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Methane Reforming ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Carbon Conversion

This paper discusses novel schemes of combined cycle, where natural gas is chemically treated to remove carbon, rather than being directly used as fuel. Carbon conversion to CO2 is achieved before gas turbine combustion. The first part of the paper discussed plant configurations based on natural gas partial oxidation to produce carbon monoxide, converted to carbon dioxide by shift reaction and therefore separated from the fuel gas. The second part will address methane reforming as a starting reaction to achieve the same goal. Plant configuration and performance differs from the previous case because reforming is endothermic and requires high temperature heat and low operating pressure to obtain an elevated carbon conversion. The performance estimation shows that the reformer configuration has a lower efficiency and power output than the systems addressed in Part I. To improve the results, a reheat gas turbine can be used, with different characteristics from commercial machines. The thermodynamic efficiency of the systems of the two papers is compared by an exergetic analysis. The economic performance of natural gas fired power plants including CO2 sequestration is therefore addressed, finding a superiority of the partial oxidation system with chemical absorption. The additional cost of the kWh, due to the ability of CO2 capturing, can be estimated at about 13–14 mill$/kWh.

scholarly journals Reheat and Regenerative Gas Turbines for Feed Water Repowering of Steam Power Plant

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Negri di Montenegro ◽  
M. Gambini ◽  
A. Peretto
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Energy Integration ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Steam Power Plants

This study is concerned with the repowering of existing steam power plants (SPP) by gas turbine (GT) units. The energy integration between SPP and GT is analyzed taking into particular account the employment of simple and complex cycle gas turbines. With regard to this, three different gas turbine has been considered: simple Brayton cycle, regenerative cycle and reheat cycle. Each of these cycles has been considered for feed water repowering of three different existing steam power plants. Moreover, the energy integration between the above plants has been analyzed taking into account three different assumptions for the SPP off-design conditions. In particular it has been established to keep the nominal value for steam turbine power output or for steam flow-rate at the steam turbine inlet or, finally, for steam flow-rate in the condenser. The numerical analysis has been carried out by the employment of numerical models regarding SPP and GT, developed by the authors. These models have been here properly connected to evaluate the performance of the repowered plants. The results of the investigation have revealed the interest of considering the use of complex cycle gas turbines, especially reheat cycles, for the feed water repowering of steam power plants. It should be taken into account that these energy advantages are determined by a repowering solution, i.e. feed water repowering which, although it is attractive for its simplicity, do not generally allows, with Brayton cycle, a better exploitation of the energy system integration in comparison with other repowering solutions. Besides these energy considerations, an analysis on the effects induced by repowering in the working parameters of existing components is also explained.

scholarly journals Gas Turbines and Natural Gas Synergism

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (02) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Markets ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Energy Information Administration ◽  
Gas Fueled

This article presents a study on new electric power gas turbines and the advent of shale natural gas, which now are upending electrical energy markets. Energy Information Administration (EIA) results show that total electrical production cost for a conventional coal plant would be 9.8 cents/kWh, while a conventional natural gas fueled gas turbine combined cycle plant would be a much lower at 6.6 cents/kWh. Furthermore, EIA estimates that 70% of new US power plants will be fueled by natural gas. Gas turbines are the prime movers for the modern combined cycle power plant. On the natural gas side of the recently upended electrical energy markets, new shale gas production and the continued development of worldwide liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities provide the other element of synergism. The US natural gas prices are now low enough to compete directly with coal. The study concludes that the natural gas fueled gas turbine will continue to be a growing part of the world’s electric power generation.

scholarly journals Gas Turbines - Major Greenhouse Gas Inhibitors

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (12) ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Combined Cycle

This article explains how combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plants can help in reducing greenhouse gas from the atmosphere. In the last 25 years, the development and deployment of CCGT power plants represent a technology breakthrough in efficient energy conversion, and in the reduction of greenhouse gas production. Existing gas turbine CCGT technology can provide a reliable, on-demand electrical power at a reasonable cost along with a minimum of greenhouse gas production. Natural gas, composed mostly of methane, is a hydrocarbon fuel used by CCGT power plants. Methane has the highest heating value per unit mass of any of the hydrocarbon fuels. It is the most environmentally benign of fuels, with impurities such as sulfur removed before it enters the pipeline. If a significant portion of coal-fired Rankine cycle plants are replaced by the latest natural gas-fired CCGT power plants, anthropogenic carbon dioxide released into the earth’s atmosphere would be greatly reduced.

Prediction of Gas Turbine On- and Off-Design Performance When Firing Coal-Derived Syngas

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Performance Studies ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Surge Margin ◽  
Performance Curves ◽  
Mechanical Durability ◽  
Mass Flow Rates

This paper describes a procedure used to model the performance of gas turbines designed to fire natural gas (or distillate oil) when fired on medium-Btu fuel, such as coal-derived syngas. Results from such performance studies can be used in the design or analysis of Gasification Combined Cycle (GCC) power plants. The primary difficulty when firing syngas in a gas turbine designed for natural gas is the tendency to drive the compressor toward surge. If the gas turbine has sufficient surge margin and mechanical durability, Gas Turbine Evaluation code (GATE) simulations indicate that net output power can be increased on the order of 15 percent when firing syngas due to the advantageous increase in the ratio of the expander-to-compressor mass flow rates. Three classes of single-spool utility gas turbines are investigated spanning firing temperatures from 1985°F-2500°F (1358 K-1644 K). Performance simulations at a variety of part-load and ambient temperature conditions are described; the resulting performance curves are useful in GCC power plant studies.

Past, Present and Future of Combined Cycle Power Plants: From an A/E’s Perspective

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anup Singh
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Electrical Transmission ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
The U.S

In the 1970s, power generation from gas turbines was minimal. Gas turbines in those days were run on fuel oil, since there was a so-called “natural gas shortage”. The U.S. Fuel Use Act of 1978 essentially disallowed the use of natural gas for power generation. Hence there was no incentive on the part of gas turbine manufacturers to invest in the development of gas turbine technology. There were many regulatory developments in the 1980s and 1990s, which led to the rapid growth in power generation from gas turbines. These developments included Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act of 1978 (encouraging cogeneration), FERC Order 636 (deregulating natural gas industry), Energy Policy Act of 1992 (creating EWGs and IPPs) and FERC Order 888 (open access to electrical transmission system). There was also a backlash from excessive electric rates due to high capital recovery of nuclear and coal-fired plant costs caused by tremendous cost increase resulting from tightening NRC requirements for nuclear plants and significant SO2/NOx/other emissions controls required for coal-fired plants. During this period, rapid technology developments took place in the metallurgy, design, efficiency, and reliability of gas turbines. In addition, U.S. DOE contributed to these developments by encouraging research and development efforts in high temperature and high efficiency gas turbines. Today we are seeing a tremendous explosion of power generating facilities by electric utilities and Independent Power Producers (IPPs). A few years ago, Merchant Power (generation without power purchase agreements) was unheard of. Today it is growing at a very fast pace. Can this rapid growth be sustained? The paper will explore the factors that will play a significant role in the future growth of gas turbine-based power generation in the U.S. The paper will also discuss the methods and developments that could decrease the capital costs of gas turbine power plants resulting in the lowest cost generation compared to other power generation technologies.

scholarly journals Air Separation Unit Integration for Alternative Fuel Projects

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur R. Smith ◽  
Joseph Klosek ◽  
James C. Sorensen ◽  
Donald W. Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Partial Oxidation ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Separation Unit ◽  
Integration Schemes

Alternative fuel projects often require substantial amounts of oxygen. World scale gas-to-liquids (GTL) processes based on the partial oxidation of natural gas, followed by Fischer-Tropsch chemistry and product upgrading, may require in excess of 10,000 tons per day of pressurized oxygen. The remote location of many of these proposed projects and the availability of low-cost natural gas and byproduct steam from the GTL process disadvantages the use of traditional, motor-driven air separation units in favor of steam or gas turbine drive facilities. Another process of current interest is the partial oxidation of waste materials in industrial areas to generate synthesis gas. Synthesis gas may be processed into fuels and chemicals, or combusted in gas turbines to produce electricity. A key to the economic viability of such oxygen-based processes is cost effective air separation units, and the manner in which they are integrated with the rest of the facility. Because the trade-off between capital and energy is different for the remote gas and the industrial locations, the optimum integration schemes can also differ significantly. This paper examines various methods of integrating unit operations to improve the economics of alternative fuel facilities. Integration concepts include heat recovery, as well as several uses of byproduct nitrogen to enhance gas turbine operation or power production. Start-up, control and operational aspects are presented to complete the review of integrated designs.

Using Fresh Air in Windbox Repowering of Existing Steam Power Plants

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nayyeri ◽  
P. Asna Ashary
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Steam Power Plants ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

Repowering is increasing efficiency and output power of an existing steam power plants by integration them with gas turbine. Several approaches are proposed for repowering regards to condition of existing power plants. One of those approaches which provides opportunity for existing boiler reusing is windbox repowering. In this method, one or several gas turbines are installed near the existing steam unit and the exhaust of gas turbines is used as preheated combustion air for boiler. The main difficulty in integration of gas turbine and boiler is decreasing flame temperature in supplementary combustion of boiler due to low oxygen content of gas turbine exhaust compared with fresh air and its effect on heat transfer process especially in radiative sections. When advanced gas turbines are used in windbox repowering, the fresh air should be used for increasing oxygen due to low oxygen percent. In this study, the effect of using fresh air in wind box repowering will be investigated and two main arrangements, preheating and not preheating of fresh air will be compared. This study shows the advantages of using preheated air for mixing with gas turbine exhaust when advanced gas turbines are used for windbox repowering.

scholarly journals CFD Modeling of Syngas Combustion and Emissions for Marine Gas Turbine Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader R. Ammar ◽  
Ahmed I. Farag
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Gas Fuel

Abstract Strong restrictions on emissions from marine power plants will probably be adopted in the near future. One of the measures which can be considered to reduce exhaust gases emissions is the use of alternative fuels. Synthesis gases are considered competitive renewable gaseous fuels which can be used in marine gas turbines for both propulsion and electric power generation on ships. The paper analyses combustion and emission characteristics of syngas fuel in marine gas turbines. Syngas fuel is burned in a gas turbine can combustor. The gas turbine can combustor with swirl is designed to burn the fuel efficiently and reduce the emissions. The analysis is performed numerically using the computational fluid dynamics code ANSYS FLUENT. Different operating conditions are considered within the numerical runs. The obtained numerical results are compared with experimental data and satisfactory agreement is obtained. The effect of syngas fuel composition and the swirl number values on temperature contours, and exhaust gas species concentrations are presented in this paper. The results show an increase of peak flame temperature for the syngas compared to natural gas fuel combustion at the same operating conditions while the NO emission becomes lower. In addition, lower CO2 emissions and increased CO emissions at the combustor exit are obtained for the syngas, compared to the natural gas fuel.

scholarly journals Electric Power and Natural Gas Synergism

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (03) ◽  
pp. 76-77
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prime Movers ◽  
Base Load ◽  
Electrical Supply

This article explains research and development in the field of gas turbine power plants. Natural gas fueled gas turbines driving generators are proving to be the most versatile and effective energy converter in the engineer's arsenal of prime movers. Continued research and development are making these gas turbine power plants even more effective, flexible, and efficient. Gas turbine plants can operate under either base load operations or in quick start/fast shutdown modes. The reliable and dispatchable backup capacity of fast-reacting fossil technology to hedge against variability of electrical supply was a key to successful renewable use in the 26 countries studied. The article concludes that the use of versatile electric power gas turbines fueled by natural gas will continue to grow in the world. In the United States, with recent shale discoveries and fracking of natural gas, such use should increase, with or without the emphasis on renewables.

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