Hydrodynamics of a Pump-Turbine at Off-Design Operating Conditions: Numerical Simulation

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlad Hasmatuchi ◽  
Steven Roth ◽  
Francisco Botero ◽  
Mohamed Farhat ◽  
Franc¸ois Avellan
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Pump Turbine ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Guide Vanes ◽  
Radial Pump

Flow numerical simulations in a low specific speed radial pump-turbine scale model are performed to investigate off-design operating conditions in generating mode. The Best Efficiency Point (BEP) and the runaway operating conditions at 10° guide vanes opening are addressed. The computational domain includes the full reduced scale model water passage from the spiral casing inlet to the draft tube outlet. The numerical simulation is performed using the Ansys CFX code, solving the incompressible unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations. Wall pressure measurements in the stator are used to validate the numerical results. Then, detailed analysis is focused on the onset of the flow instabilities when the machine is brought from BEP to runaway. In these severe operating conditions, one single stall cell is found to rotate with the impeller at subsynchronous speed in the vaneless gap between the impeller and the guide vanes. It is found to be the effect of flow separation developed at the inlet of several consecutive impeller channels which lead to their blockage.

scholarly journals Numerical simulation of unsteady flow of a viscous incompressible liquid in flat channels of arbitrary shape of heat exchangers

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
Y. Chоvniuk ◽  
V. Kravchuk ◽  
A. Moskvitina ◽  
I. Pefteva
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Unsteady Flow ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Arbitrary Shape ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations

Reasonable development and creation of any device in which there is an interaction between the fluid flow and the elements of the flow parts (for example, heat exchangers, transport and power machines, main pipelines), is impossible without detailed information about the characteristics of the flow, about the forces on the surfaces that are around, about vibroacoustic phenomena, etc. Among the various methods of obtaining information about the characteristics of the flow, about the forces on surfaces that are flown around, about vibroacoustic phenomena, an important role is played by theoretical methods that rely on the equation of hydrodynamics and numerous ways to solve them. In this case, the main efforts are aimed at solving the system of Navier-Stokes equations. In this paper, a general method is described for the numerical solution of the problem of unsteady flow of a viscous incompressible fluid in flat channels of an arbitrary shape of heat exchangers. An effective solution to the problem is achieved by using adaptive networks. The mathematical model of the flow is based on the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations in the variables "flow function - vortex" and the Poissonequation for pressure, which are solved on the basis of the finite-difference method. A numerical simulation of the fluid flow in a flat curvilinear elbow is carried out at the Reynolds number Re = 1000. This form reflects the most characteristic features of the flow paths of various hydraulic machines, heat exchangers, hydraulic and pipeline systems. The presentation of the numerical results was carried out on the basis of the VISSIM graphic processing package. One of the main problems (difficulties) in the numerical solution of problems of mathematical physics is the representation of boundary conditions for regions of arbitrary shape. The implementation of various artificial methods that are now used in the approximation of both the curvilinear boundaries themselves and the boundary conditions on them can lead to significant losses in the accuracy of the solution. This is especially evident in problems in which solutions in the boundary region have maximum gradients. An effective method for solving this problem is the use of adapted grids for the computational domain. The essence of this method lies in the fact that such a coordinate system, not necessarily orthogonal, is found in which the boundary lines (surfaces) of the region coincide with the coordinate lines (surfaces). In the flat case, the computational domain is transformed into a rectangular one, and the limit curve is displayed on the sides of the rectangle. In practice, the problem of constructing an adapted mesh is reduced to finding functions that describe the mappings of the canonical (rectangular) region onto the region for which the problem was originally formulated, that is, for the two-dimensional case, the functions x (ξ, η), y (ξ, η) are determined.

Numerical Simulation and Experiment Research on Pressure Fluctuation and Aerodynamic Noise Field of a Multi-Blade Centrifugal Fan

2012 ◽  
Vol 468-471 ◽  
pp. 2231-2234
Author(s):  
Feng Gao ◽  
Wei Yan Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Simple Algorithm ◽  
Aerodynamic Noise ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Centrifugal Fan ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Simulation And Experiment

Numerical simulation of the three-dimensional steady and unsteady turbulent flow in the whole flow field of a multi-blade centrifugal fan is performed. Unstructured grids is used to discrete the computational domain. Pressure boundary conditions are specified to the inlet and the outlet. The SIMPLE algorithm in conjunction with the RNG k-ε turbulent model is used to solve the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. The moving reference frame is adopted to transfer data between the interfaces of the rotating field and the stationary field. Based on the calculation of the inner-flow in the fan, the pressure pulsation of some important monitoring points and the aerodynamic noise distribution, banding together experiment data were farther analyzed The simulation results are of important significance to the optimal design and noise control of the fan.

Numerical Invertigation of Water Entry of a Subsea Module With Deflated Cavity Shells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingfei Zan ◽  
Ruinan Guo ◽  
Lihao Yuan ◽  
Fuxiang Huang ◽  
Dongchun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Free Surface ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Water Entry ◽  
Hydrodynamic Forces ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations

Abstract In subsea installation operations, the hydrodynamic forces on the subsea module are important considerations when designing the structure and choosing slings. In this paper, the hydrodynamic forces and flow field of a subsea module with deflated cavity shells during forced water entry operation were investigated numerically. The numerical simulation was carried out based on Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations, with a constant lowering velocity of the module. The results of the numerical simulation were validated by experimental data and they showed good agreement. The relationship between hydrodynamic forces and draft was presented. Furthermore, the slamming positions, free surface variation, pressure variation in deflated cavity shells, slamming coefficient and the influence of holes were studied based on flow field scenes. It was found that the hydrodynamic forces varied with draft non-linearly. Moreover, the change of draft altered the form of the free surface due to the complex steel frame structure of deflated cavity shells. The present study can be further extended to assess the operating conditions of lifting operations and to advise on the design of the subsea module.

On Direct Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Flows

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Alfonsi
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Direct Numerical Simulation ◽  
High Performance Computing ◽  
Turbulent Flows ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Turbulent Shear ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Performance Computing

The direct numerical simulation of turbulence (DNS) has become a method of outmost importance for the investigation of turbulence physics, and its relevance is constantly growing due to the increasing popularity of high-performance-computing techniques. In the present work, the DNS approach is discussed mainly with regard to turbulent shear flows of incompressible fluids with constant properties. A body of literature is reviewed, dealing with the numerical integration of the Navier-Stokes equations, results obtained from the simulations, and appropriate use of the numerical databases for a better understanding of turbulence physics. Overall, it appears that high-performance computing is the only way to advance in turbulence research through the front of the direct numerical simulation.

scholarly journals Numerical stability analysis of a vortex ring with swirl

2019 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 5-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Hattori ◽  
Francisco J. Blanco-Rodríguez ◽  
Stéphane Le Dizès
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Direct Numerical Simulation ◽  
Vortex Ring ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Critical Layer ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Instability Mode ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations

The linear instability of a vortex ring with swirl with Gaussian distributions of azimuthal vorticity and velocity in its core is studied by direct numerical simulation. The numerical study is carried out in two steps: first, an axisymmetric simulation of the Navier–Stokes equations is performed to obtain the quasi-steady state that forms a base flow; then, the equations are linearized around this base flow and integrated for a sufficiently long time to obtain the characteristics of the most unstable mode. It is shown that the vortex rings are subjected to curvature instability as predicted analytically by Blanco-Rodríguez & Le Dizès (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 814, 2017, pp. 397–415). Both the structure and the growth rate of the unstable modes obtained numerically are in good agreement with the analytical results. However, a small overestimation (e.g. 22 % for a curvature instability mode) by the theory of the numerical growth rate is found for some instability modes. This is most likely due to evaluation of the critical layer damping which is performed for the waves on axisymmetric line vortices in the analysis. The actual position of the critical layer is affected by deformation of the core due to the curvature effect; as a result, the damping rate changes since it is sensitive to the position of the critical layer. Competition between the curvature and elliptic instabilities is also investigated. Without swirl, only the elliptic instability is observed in agreement with previous numerical and experimental results. In the presence of swirl, sharp bands of both curvature and elliptic instabilities are obtained for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}=a/R=0.1$, where $a$ is the vortex core radius and $R$ the ring radius, while the elliptic instability dominates for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}=0.18$. New types of instability mode are also obtained: a special curvature mode composed of three waves is observed and spiral modes that do not seem to be related to any wave resonance. The curvature instability is also confirmed by direct numerical simulation of the full Navier–Stokes equations. Weakly nonlinear saturation and subsequent decay of the curvature instability are also observed.

Numerical Investigation of Blade Flutter at or Near Stall in Axial Flow Turbomachines

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Höhn
Keyword(s):  
Viscous Flow ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Separated Flow ◽  
Parallel Computer ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Compressor Cascade ◽  
Governing Equations ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Blade Flutter

During the design of the compressor and turbine stages of today’s aeroengines, aerodynamically induced vibrations become increasingly important since higher blade load and better efficiency are desired. In this paper the development of a method based on the unsteady, compressible Navier-Stokes equations in two dimensions is described in order to study the physics of flutter for unsteady viscous flow around cascaded vibrating blades at stall. The governing equations are solved by a finite difference technique in boundary fitted coordinates. The numerical scheme uses the Advection Upstream Splitting Method to discretize the convective terms and central differences discretizing the viscous terms of the fully non-linear Navier-Stokes equations on a moving H-type mesh. The unsteady governing equations are explicitly and implicitly marched in time in a time-accurate way using a four stage Runge-Kutta scheme on a parallel computer or an implicit scheme of the Beam-Warming type on a single processor. Turbulence is modelled using the Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model. The blade flutter phenomenon is simulated by imposing a harmonic motion on the blade, which consists of harmonic body translation in two directions and a rotation, allowing an interblade phase angle between neighboring blades. Non-reflecting boundary conditions are used for the unsteady analysis at inlet and outlet of the computational domain. The computations are performed on multiple blade passages in order to account for nonlinear effects. A subsonic massively stalled unsteady flow case in a compressor cascade is studied. The results, compared with experiments and the predictions of other researchers, show reasonable agreement for inviscid and viscous flow cases for the investigated flow situations with respect to the Steady and unsteady pressure distribution on the blade in separated flow areas as well as the aeroelastic damping. The results show the applicability of the scheme for stalled flow around cascaded blades. As expected the viscous and inviscid computations show different results in regions where viscous effects are important, i.e. in separated flow areas. In particular, different predictions for inviscid and viscous flow for the aerodynamic damping for the investigated flow cases are found.

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