Characterization of Activated Carbon for Carbon Laden Flows in a Solar Reactor

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesrin Ozalp ◽  
Vidyasagar Shilapuram
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Decomposition Reaction ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Methane Decomposition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Solar Reactor ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer

Carbon is not only a major product of the methane decomposition but also a catalyst for the heterogeneous methane decomposition reaction. It is highly desirable that the morphology and surface properties of the product carbon be controlled to maximize their catalytic effects. In this paper, we characterize the physical properties of two activated carbon samples by sizes, and crystallographic structures using scanning electron microscope, x-ray diffraction, particle size analyzer, and surface area measurement. The paper also includes high temperature thermogravimetric experiment results on the carbon–hydrogen reaction to show if the injected carbon particles reacts with the formed hydrogen, which has not been studied in solar thermal hydrocarbon decomposition before. Results show that carbon does not react with hydrogen to form methane or any other intermediate compounds up until 900°C, which explains the favorable effect of carbon laden flow experiments for catalytic methane decomposition at lower temperatures. These results will be used to identify the optimal operating conditions for our solar reactor.

Carbon Catalyzed Methane Decomposition for Enhanced Solar Thermal Cracking

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidyasagar Shilapuram ◽  
Nesrin Ozalp
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Methane Decomposition ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Solar Reactor ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Decomposition Of Methane

This study presents thermal decomposition of methane, laden with two activated charcoal samples, namely Fluka 05105 and Fluka 05120, which were used laden with methane in a vortex flow solar reactor and seeded in a tornado flow solar reactor. Previously, we presented our thermo gravimetric experiment results on the carbon-hydrogen reaction to show whether the injected carbon particles react with the formed hydrogen. In this work, we expanded our thermogravimetric analysis to study carbon-methane reaction at various concentrations of methane feed gas to study the favorable effect of carbon laden flow experiments for catalytic methane decomposition. Results were analyzed to discuss the threshold temperature, ultimate mass gain, average hydrogen production, amount of carbon formed, type of carbon sample, and concentration of methane in the feed gas. It is observed that average hydrogen production rate is increased with an increase in the methane volume fraction in the feed gas. Higher hydrogen and carbon production is observed when Fluka 05105 is used. For different partial pressures of methane, different ultimate mass gain is observed.

Predictions of Xylene Adsorption on Agglomerated Activated Carbon Pellets in a Fixed Bed Column

2014 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 636-641
Author(s):  
Izabel de Oliveira da Mota ◽  
Leonardo Martins da Silva ◽  
José Adilson de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Author Study ◽  
Fixed Bed Column ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Gaseous Stream ◽  
Activated Carbon Particles

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are an important category of air pollutants and adsorption has been widely recognized as an effective means of controlling emissions to the atmosphere. The current study used theoretical model to analyze the rate of xylene adsorption from inert gaseous stream on the granular activated carbon in a fixed bed column under varying operating conditions. The model considers the inner diffusion of VOC into the activated carbon particles. Experimental results of another author study were used to validate the present model and the methodology proposed to determine the xylene concentrations at the outlet of the column and corresponding inner particles.

Metal/activated carbon systems as catalysts of methane decomposition reaction

2015 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Szymańska ◽  
Anna Malaika ◽  
Paulina Rechnia ◽  
Aleksandra Miklaszewska ◽  
Mieczysław Kozłowski
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Decomposition Reaction ◽  
Methane Decomposition

A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study on the Effect of Carbon Particle Seeding for the Improvement of Solar Reactor Performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesrin Ozalp ◽  
Anoop Kanjirakat
Keyword(s):  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Carbon Particle ◽  
Decomposition Reaction ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Injection Point ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Solar Reactor ◽  
Lagrangian Framework ◽  
Nucleation Sites ◽  
Window Screening

This study focuses on a technique, referred to as “solar cracking” of natural gas for the coproduction of hydrogen and carbon as byproduct with zero emission footprint. Seeding a solar reactor with micron-sized carbon particles increases the conversion efficiency drastically due to the radiation absorbed by the carbon particles and additional nucleation sites formed by carbon particles for heterogeneous decomposition reaction. The present study numerically tries to investigate the above fact by tracking carbon particles in a Lagrangian framework. The results on the effect of particle loading, particle emissivity, injection point location, and effect of using different window screening gases on a flow and temperature distribution inside a confined tornado flow reactor are presented.

scholarly journals Performance of Iron-Functionalized Activated Carbon Catalysts (Fe/AC-f) on CWPO Wastewater Treatment

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Sara Mesa Medina ◽  
Ana Rey ◽  
Carlos Durán-Valle ◽  
Ana Bahamonde ◽  
Marisol Faraldos
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Water Matrix ◽  
The Stability

Two commercial activated carbon were functionalized with nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and ethylenediamine to induce the modification of their surface functional groups and facilitate the stability of corresponding AC-supported iron catalysts (Fe/AC-f). Synthetized Fe/AC-f catalysts were characterized to determine bulk and surface composition (elemental analysis, emission spectroscopy, XPS), textural (N2 isotherms), and structural characteristics (XRD). All the Fe/AC-f catalysts were evaluated in the degradation of phenol in ultrapure water matrix by catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO). Complete pollutant removal at short reaction times (30–60 min) and high TOC reduction (XTOC = 80 % at ≤ 120 min) were always achieved at the conditions tested (500 mg·L−1 catalyst loading, 100 mg·L−1 phenol concentration, stoichiometric H2O2 dose, pH 3, 50 °C and 200 rpm), improving the results found with bare activated carbon supports. The lability of the interactions of iron with functionalized carbon support jeopardizes the stability of some catalysts. This fact could be associated to modifications of the induced surface chemistry after functionalization as a consequence of the iron immobilization procedure. The reusability was demonstrated by four consecutive CWPO cycles where the activity decreased from 1st to 3rd, to become recovered in the 4th run. Fe/AC-f catalysts were applied to treat two real water matrices: the effluent of a wastewater treatment plant with a membrane biological reactor (WWTP-MBR) and a landfill leachate, opening the opportunity to extend the use of these Fe/AC-f catalysts for complex wastewater matrices remediation. The degradation of phenol spiked WWTP-MBR effluent by CWPO using Fe/AC-f catalysts revealed pH of the reaction medium as a critical parameter to obtain complete elimination of the pollutant, only reached at pH 3. On the contrary, significant TOC removal, naturally found in complex landfill leachate, was obtained at natural pH 9 and half stoichiometric H2O2 dose. This highlights the importance of the water matrix in the optimization of the CWPO operating conditions.

scholarly journals Removal of organic pollutants from produced water by batch adsorption treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Hashim Khader ◽  
Thamer Jassim Mohammed ◽  
Nourollah Mirghaffari ◽  
Ali Dawood Salman ◽  
Tatjána Juzsakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Powdered Activated Carbon ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Zeolite X

AbstractThis paper studied the adsorption of chemical oxygen demand (COD), oil and turbidity of the produced water (PW) which accompanies the production and reconnaissance of oil after treating utilizing powdered activated carbon (PAC), clinoptilolite natural zeolite (CNZ) and synthetic zeolite type X (XSZ). Moreover, the paper deals with the comparison of pollutant removal over different adsorbents. Adsorption was executed in a batch adsorption system. The effects of adsorbent dosage, time, pH, oil concentration and temperature were studied in order to find the best operating conditions. The adsorption isotherm models of Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin were investigated. Using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, the kinetics of oil sorption and the shift in COD content on PAC and CNZ were investigated. At a PAC adsorbent dose of 0.25 g/100 mL, maximum oil removal efficiencies (99.57, 95.87 and 99.84 percent), COD and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) were identified. Moreover, when zeolite X was used at a concentration of 0.25 g/100 mL, the highest turbidity removal efficiency (99.97%) was achieved. It is not dissimilar to what you would get with PAC (99.65 percent). In comparison with zeolites, the findings showed that adsorption over PAC is the most powerful method for removing organic contaminants from PW. In addition, recycling of the consumed adsorbents was carried out in this study to see whether the adsorbents could be reused. Chemical and thermal treatment will effectively regenerate and reuse powdered activated carbon and zeolites that have been eaten. Graphic abstract

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