Factors Involved in Selecting Optimum Size Industrial Valves and Pipes

1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl F. Riopelle
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Size ◽  
Economical Method ◽  
Uniform Rate ◽  
Pipe Line ◽  
Basic Need ◽  
Pipe Lines

The transporting of liquids and gases is a basic need of civilization. Many methods have been and are used, ranging from the Egyptian water jar to the modern pipe line. The method used in today’s economy depends on the kind and amount of fluid to be transported. Martinis are delivered in 2 ounce glasses by a waiter, whereas oil is transported by 6 to 16 inch pipe lines. For purposes of discussion in this paper we will assume that the requirements are such that the fluid must be delivered to a particular location at a uniform rate. Thus, with this assumption, the most economical method of transporting would be by pipe. If the pipe and valve circuit is to be designed for most economical installation and operation, there are several things that should be known at the outset. Paper published with permission.

Tentative Recommended Specifications for Asphalt-Type Protective Coatings For Underground Pipe Lines (Minimum Recommended Protection)—A Report of NACE Technical Unit Committee T-2H On Asphalt Type Pipe Coatings

CORROSION ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 37-38
Keyword(s):  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Coating System ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Underground Pipe ◽  
Pipe Line ◽  
Pipe Lines

Abstract Recommended minimum characteristics of an asphalt wrapped underground pipe line coating system are given. Included are physical characteristics of primer, enamel and wrapping, testing methods for primer and enamel. 6.4.5

End Reactions and Stresses in Three-Dimensional Pipe Lines

1937 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. A68-A74
Author(s):  
G. B. Karelitz ◽  
J. H. Marchant
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Numerical Computation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pipe Line ◽  
Steam Main ◽  
Pipe Lines

Abstract The authors present a method for the numerical computation of the end forces and couples in a three-dimensional pipe line. The method takes care of a pipe line with any number of straight parts connected by bends. A procedure of computation is also shown when parts of the pipe line are skewed. The ends of the line may be partially or completely constrained against rotation and translation. A construction for the analysis of stresses in the pipe bends is given. The method is illustrated by a sample computation of the end forces and couples in a steam main which is restrained against thermal expansion.

Protective Air Vessels for Rising Pipe Lines

1945 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Binnie
Keyword(s):  
Approximate Method ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Water Hammer ◽  
Maximum Expansion ◽  
Satisfactory Method ◽  
Pipe Line ◽  
Pipe Lines

A long rising pipe line should be protected against the damage due to shock (or “water hammer”) which might ensue if the pumps suddenly failed. The most satisfactory method is to fit an air vessel on the delivery side of the pumps. The connexion between the air vessel and the pipe line should be constricted so that the oscillations of the water-level in the air vessel are damped. An approximate method is described in the paper for calculating the maximum expansion and pressure of the air, and its predictions are shown to be in satisfactory accord with experiment. The onset of water hammer, observed when damping was carried too far, was found to occur at velocities somewhat greater than theory suggests.

Tentative Recommended Specifications for Asphalt Type Protective Coatings For Underground Pipe Lines—Wrapped Systems. First Interim Report By NACE Technical Unit Committee T-2H On Asphalt Type Pipe Coatings*

CORROSION ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-77
Keyword(s):  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Mineral Filler ◽  
Interim Report ◽  
Underground Pipe ◽  
Pipe Line ◽  
Pipe Lines

Abstract Descriptions are given of various systems using asphalt, physical characteristics of primers and coatings, means of testing characteristics, recommended application criteria and handling of material after coating. An appendix gives a test for settlement of mineral filler in tilled asphalt pipe line enamels. 5.4.5

scholarly journals On a class of problems on unsteady flow of viscous-plastic fluids in pipe-line

1995 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Nguyen Huu Chi ◽  
Vu Duy Quang ◽  
Pham Hoai Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Unsteady Flow ◽  
Steady Flow ◽  
Cylindrical Tube ◽  
Pressure Flow ◽  
Unsteady Pressure ◽  
Plastic Fluid ◽  
Pipe Line ◽  
Plastic Fluids ◽  
Pipe Lines

Combining the quasi-stationary principle with velocity profile properties of respective steady flow and Sliozkin-Targ's approximation we introduce a method to solve a class of problems on unsteady flow of viscous-plastic fluid in pipe-lines. Using this method we solve the problems on unsteady pressure flow in the horizontal cylindrical tube. We also compare the obtained results with those of Tiabin showed in [1].

scholarly journals Development of Modern Steels for Strain Based Design Pipe Lines and Simulation Results

2016 ◽  
Vol 854 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Christoph Heering ◽  
Kirill Tokmakov ◽  
Ingo Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Large Strain ◽  
Uniform Elongation ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Pipe Line ◽  
Produce Steel ◽  
Pipe Lines

Due to the exploration of gas and oil sources in remote regions with harsh environment, the pipe line designers are faced with the challenging conditions. Especially in the cases where displacement-controlled loads are the predominant design condition, such as ground movement, strain-based design is applied instead of stress-based design to build safer pipelines and to assure the integrity of the lines along their lifetimes. It requires steels to have a large strain hardening capacity, long uniform elongation, and good toughness to achieve a well-defined and sufficient plastic deformation. In order to fulfil the requirements, all the processing steps are supposed to be well designed, for example, the chemical composition, microstructural design, thermo-mechanical controlled process (TMCP) and heat treatment, etc. In general pipe line steel has a low carbon, high manganese content combined with a certain amount of micro-alloying elements as Nb, Ti and sometimes B. Using Thermo-mechanical rolling and cooling schedules excellent combinations of strength and toughness can be established. To successfully produce steel plates for strain based design pipe lines the actual heating rolling and cooling technologies must be developed further as well as the equipment to produce such steel. The paper gives an overview about modern plate mill equipment and new setup strategies for the production of heavy plates X70 to X100 as well as thethermo-dynamic simulations used during the development.

Statement on Minimum Requirements For Protection of Buried Pipe Lines—A Report Prepared by a Special Task Group of NACE Technical Group Committee T-2 on Pipe Line Corrosion*

CORROSION ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 19-19
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Task Group ◽  
Buried Pipe ◽  
Protective Material ◽  
High Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Pipe Line ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
External Corrosion ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Pipe Lines

Abstract A statement on “Minimum Requirements for Protection of Buried Pipe Lines” was prepared by a special task group of NACE Technical Group Committee T-2 on Pipe Line Corrosion. The statement reads as follows “(1) All underground steel piping should be coated with a protective material of permanent high electrical resistivity. Such coatings, if not so compounded as to resist soil stresses, shall be shielded in such manner as to receive negligible damage from such stresses. (2) The coated piping shall be further protected from external corrosion by supplementing the protective coating mentioned in (1) with adequate cathodic protection.” 8.9.3

scholarly journals Issues of Improvement of Normal/methodical Regulating of the Protective Zone Organization for Water Bodies’ Water Area in Respect of Operational Pipe-lines Locating

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Pipe Line ◽  
Methodical Basis ◽  
High Hazard ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Pipe Lines

Pipe-lines relate to the structures of high hazard. Protective zones (a territory or water area with special conditions of use) are to be arranged along the whole length of a pope-line to minimize the risks of emergency. An owner of a pipe-line is to register the set of permissive documents (a contract of water use) for the use of a water body water area at the site of water crossing as a pre-requisite of its safe operation. However, up to now there is no any unified methodical document to fix the dimensions of the protective area for a pipe-line crossing a water body. Development of the relevant norm/methodical document is necessary for expansion of the spheres of the Water Code of the Russian Federation application, for arranging of relations with a water user, for adoption of pipe-line types classification with indication of the types to be obligatory registered with the grounds for calculation of the protective zone dimensions depending on the hydrological regime and morphometric conditions of water crossing. Proposals for improvement of regulatory/methodical basis for arrangement of a water body water area in order to organize the pipe-line protective zone have been formulated.

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