Stainless Steels for the Citrus Processing Industry

Processing Industry ◽

Corrosion Resistant ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

A previous paper presented at this Conference in 1955 was concerned principally with corrosion resistant materials for processing citrus products. Although this paper considered several different materials, each of which might prove satisfactory for certain operating conditions, the citrus processing industry has been able to satisfy most of its requirements with a relatively few alloys. These alloys are principally the chromium and the chromium-nickel alloys that are generally classified as stainless steels. This series of steels lends itself to certain basic treatments that have a very significant effect upon the mechanical, physical, and chemical properties. This paper will be concerned principally with these basic treatments and with certain specific treatments for special requirements. Paper published with permission.

Monitoring of Fluctuations in the Physical and Chemical Properties of a High-Calcium Fly Ash

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-113-107 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 113 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Scott Schlorholtz ◽

Ken Bergeson ◽

Turgut Demirel

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

High Calcium ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

ABSTRACTThe physical and chemical properties of fly ash produced at Ottumwa Generating Station have been monitored since April, 1985. The fly ash is produced from burning a low sulfur, sub-bituminous coal obtained from the Powder River Basin near Gillette, Wyoming. One-hundred and sixty samples of fly ash were obtained during the two year period. All of the samples were subjected to physical testing as specified by ASTM C 311. About one-hundred of the samples were also subjected to a series of tests designed to monitor the self-cementing properties of the fly ash. Many of the fly ash samples were subjected to x-ray diffraction and fluorescence analysis to define the mineralogical and chemical composition of the bulk fly ash as a function of sampling date. Hydration products in selected hardened fly ash pastes, were studied by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The studies indicated that power plant operating conditions influenced the compressive strength of the fly ash paste specimens. Mineralogical and morphological studies of the fly ash pastes indicated that stratlingite formation occurred in the highstrength specimens, while ettringite was the major hydration product evident in the low-strength specimens.

Effect of Fuel Chemical and Physical Properties on Spray and Ignition Characteristics Under Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Conditions

ASME 2019 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference ◽

10.1115/icef2019-7266 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Meng Tang ◽

Yuanjiang Pei ◽

Yu Zhang ◽

Michael Traver ◽

Jeffrey Naber

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Fuel Properties ◽

Ignition Process ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

The Impact ◽

Ci Engines ◽

Abstract Spray combustion in compression ignition (CI) engines is a complex physical-chemical phenomenon. The differences in key fuel properties between gasoline range fuels and diesel, including the distillation temperature ranges and fuel reactivity, affect spray formation and combustion. To understand the impact of these fuel effects, this study aims at a thorough computational investigation involving variations in both the fuel physical and chemical properties. Physical properties include latent heat of vaporization, specific heat capacity, density, vapor pressure, viscosity, and surface tension. These properties were individually perturbed between gasoline and diesel. Chemical properties were represented by different fuel reactivity, including PRF0 and PRF60. The model was validated against diesel and RON60 gasoline spray experiments performed in a constant-volume combustion chamber. The physical and chemical properties were modeled separately to isolate the effect of a single parameter that is often difficult to single out in experimental investigations. Sprays under non-reacting and reacting conditions were then simulated to understand the physical processes that lead to ignition and thus the fuel reactivity effects on the subsequent processes. The investigation covered low to high temperature combustion and different exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) levels. Simulation results suggested that the chemical property dominated the ignition process, whereas the physical properties had more influence on the atomization and vaporization process. Also, there was a complex interaction between physical and chemical parameters on spray ignition depending on the operating conditions, which provide insights on tailoring fuel properties for different CI applications.

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900053304 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 101-110

Author(s):

W. Iwanowska

Keyword(s):

Stellar Population ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Spectrophotometric Study ◽

Population Type ◽

The Galaxy ◽

Distribution Parameters ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Statistical Criteria ◽

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

Only one sugar offers you such a variety of important physical and chemical properties

Chemical & Engineering News ◽

10.1021/cen-v037n007.p004 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 37 (7) ◽

pp. 4

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Response of corn (Zea mays L.) to various organic-based fertilizers in marginal upland of Sta. Rita, Samar

Annals of Tropical Research ◽

10.32945/atr39sa3.2017 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 31-43

Author(s):

Berta Ratilla ◽

Loreme Cagande ◽

Othello Capuno

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Total N ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Organic farming is one of the management strategies that improve productivity of marginal uplands. The study aimed to: (1) evaluate effects of various organic-based fertilizers on the growth and yield of corn; (2) determine the appropriate combination for optimum yield; and (3) assess changes on the soil physical and chemical properties. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design, with 3 replications and 7 treatments, namely; T0=(0-0-0); T1=1t ha-1 Evans + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T2=t ha-1 Wellgrow + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T3=15t ha-1 chicken dung; T4=10t ha-1 chicken dung + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T5=15t ha-1 Vermicast; and T6=10t ha-1 Vermicast + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1. Application of organic-based fertilizers with or without inorganic fertilizers promoted growth of corn than the control. But due to high infestation of corn silk beetle(Monolepta bifasciata Horns), its grain yield was greatly affected. In the second cropping, except for Evans, any of these fertilizers applied alone or combined with 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 appeared appropriate in increasing corn earyield. Soil physical and chemical properties changed with addition of organic fertilizers. While bulk density decreased irrespective of treatments, pH, total N, available P and exchangeable K generally increased more with chicken dung application.