Spherical Bistable Micromechanism

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig P. Lusk ◽  
Larry L. Howell
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Output Link ◽  
Plane Orientation ◽  
Require Power ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Small Disturbances

A new micromechanism, the Spherical Bistable Micromechanism (SBM), is described. The SBM has several advantageous features, which include: two stable positions that require power only in transitioning from one to the other; robustness against small disturbances; and an output link with a stable out-of-plane orientation. The SBM may be useful in applications such as 2-D optical mirror arrays or in erecting out-of-plane structures.

Spherical Bistable Micromechanism

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig P. Lusk ◽  
Larry L. Howell
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Output Link ◽  
Plane Orientation ◽  
Require Power ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Small Disturbances

A new micromechanism, the spherical bistable micromechanism (SBM), is described. The SBM has several advantageous features, which include two stable positions that require power only in transitioning from one position to the other; robustness against small disturbances; and a compact footprint and an output link with a stable out-of-plane orientation. The SBM may be useful in applications such as 2D optical mirror arrays or in erecting out-of-plane structures.

Correlation of Patellar Tracking Pattern With Trochlear and Retropatellar Surface Topographies

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 652-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Ahmed ◽  
N. A. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Dial Gage ◽  
Passive Restraint ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Six Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Anterior Posterior

The study was aimed to test the hypothesis that in the knee extension range 100 to 30 deg, the patellar “out-of-plane” tracking pattern is controlled by the passive restraint provided by the topographic interaction of the patellofemoral contacting surfaces. The out-of-plane tracking pattern, i.e., the pattern of patellar displacements not in the plane of knee extension/flexion, consists of translation in the medial–lateral direction, and rotations about the anterior–posterior axis (spin) and the proximal–distal axis (tilt). Using 15 fresh-frozen knees subjected to extensor moment magnitudes comparable to those in the “static-lifting” activity (foot-ground reaction=334 N), the patellar displacements were measured using a calibrated six-degree-of-freedom electromechanical goniometer. The topographies of the trochlear and retropatellar surfaces were then measured using a calibrated traveling dial-gage arrangement and the same coordinate system used for the displacement measurements. Three indices were defined to quantify particular natural features of the three-dimensional topographies that are expected to control the patellar displacements. Correlation of the indices with their corresponding displacements showed that topographic interaction was significant in the control of all three displacements. However, for patellar spin, unlike for the other two displacements, the direction of the active quadriceps tension vector was also a significant controlling factor. Patellar medial–lateral translation was found to be controlled dominantly by the trochlear topography, while retropatellar topography also had a significant role in the control of the other two displacements. [S0148-0731(00)01406-0]

scholarly journals Exchange bias in ferromagnetic bilayers with orthogonal anisotropies: the case of GaMnAsP/GaMnAs combination

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suho Choi ◽  
Seul-Ki Bac ◽  
Xinyu Liu ◽  
Sanghoon Lee ◽  
Sining Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Bias ◽  
Easy Axis ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Magnetic Hysteresis ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
The Other ◽  
Planar Hall Effect ◽  
Magnetic Layers ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Magnetic Hysteresis Loops

Abstract We report the observation of exchange bias in a ferromagnetic Ga0.94Mn0.06As0.77P0.23/ Ga0.94Mn0.06As bilayer, in which the easy axis in one layer is oriented out-of-plane, and in the other in-plane. Magnetization reversal in this system is explored using planar Hall effect (PHE) measurements under various initial conditions and with various field-cooling orientations. Our results show that the two magnetic layers are ferromagnetically exchange-coupled, and that such coupling results in pronounced exchange-bias-like shifts of magnetic hysteresis loops during reversal of in-plane magnetization. The presence of exchange bias in this system can be understood on the basis of magnetic closure domains formed in the layer with the out-of-plane easy axis.

Interaction effects in film media with varying out-of-plane orientation

1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 3264-3266
Author(s):  
M. Alex ◽  
T. Yogi ◽  
I.L. Sanders ◽  
K. O'Grady
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Plane Orientation ◽  
Out Of Plane

5J(CH3,SH) as a negative proximate or as a positive σ−π coupling in 2-methylthiophenol derivatives

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 2217-2220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ted Schaefer ◽  
James Peeling ◽  
Rudy Sebastian ◽  
James D. Baleja
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Sulfhydryl Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coupling Mechanism ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Negative Coupling

Analyses of the 1H nmr spectra of 6-chloro-2-methylthiophenol and of 4-tert-butyl-2-methylthiophenol in CCl4 solution, together with double irradiation experiments, show that 5J(CH5,SH) in the former compound is −0.66 Hz and is +0.47 Hz in the latter. In the chloro compound, the sulfhydryl group spends relatively little time in out-of-plane conformations at 300 K. The negative coupling is a consequence of a through-space or proximate coupling mechanism. In the other compound, the sulfhydryl group samples many out-of-plane conformations but relatively few in which the S—H bond lies near the methyl group. Therefore 5J(CH3,SH) is now dominated by a σ−π electron mechanism and is positive. Probably by coincidence, 4J(H,SH) in this compound is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to 5J(CH3,SH).

scholarly journals Evaluation of masonry buildings and mosques after Sivrice earthquake

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (09) ◽  
pp. 881-892
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Damage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stone Masonry ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Future Earthquake ◽  
Adequate Supervision

The evaluation of masonry and mosque type structures after the Sivrice Earthquake is presented in this study. Stone masonry buildings exhibited damage such as vertical cracks and splitting at corners, wedge shaped corner failures, diagonal cracking on walls, out-of-plane splitting of walls, and separation of walls from flooring/roofing systems. On the other hand, the separation of flags and caps of minarets was a common example of damage in mosques. Future earthquake damage can be prevented by following design codes and providing adequate supervision for new structures, while strengthening measures are recommended for the existing buildings.

scholarly journals Self-template–assisted micro-phase segregation in blended liquid-crystalline block copolymers films toward three-dimensional structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (35) ◽  
pp. 21070-21078
Author(s):  
Yusuke Hibi ◽  
Yuki Oguchi ◽  
Yuta Shimizu ◽  
Kayoko Hashimoto ◽  
Katsuya Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Phase Segregation ◽  
Material Design ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Fundamental Research

In-plane mesopatterns derived from block-copolymer (BCP) micro-phase segregation in thin films have attracted much interest in practical applications as well as fundamental research programs. However, phase segregation along the film-normal direction has been less studied. Here, we describe a strategy to concurrently, yet independently, control in-plane micro-phase and out-of-plane macro-phase segregation in multiblended films composed of liquid-crystalline BCPs (LCBCPs), affording spontaneously layered three-dimensional (3D) mesostructures. This strategy relies on sequential liquid crystallization during the cooling process in thermal annealing as follows. The constituent LCBCP with the highest isotropic-transition temperature (Tiso) first liquid-crystallizes and segregates from the other LCBCP mixture remaining in isotropic states to form a noncontaminated layer at the top surface. This preformed LCBCP layer preserves its inherent in-plane pattern and acts as a template guiding the subsequent micro-phase segregations of the other low-TisoLCBCPs underneath. This self-template–assisted micro-phase segregation (STAMPS) readily provides 3D mesostructures, the potential toward rational material design of which is also demonstrated in water-separation applications.

Epitaxial Growth of Rare-Earth Gallates on Single-Crystal Oxide Substrates

1998 ◽  
Vol 547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S. Morrell ◽  
Ziling B. Xue ◽  
Eliot D. Specht ◽  
David B. Beach
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Epitaxial Films ◽  
Lanthanum Gallate ◽  
Epitaxial Relationship ◽  
Plane Orientation ◽  
Lanthanum Aluminate ◽  
Pole Figures ◽  
Oxide Substrates ◽  
Out Of Plane

AbstractEpitaxial films of lanthanum gallate, praseodymium gallate, and neodymium gallate were prepared on [100] strontium titanate and [100] lanthanum aluminate single crystal substrates using solution techniques. The solutions employed were mixed-metal methoxyethoxides in 2-methoxyethanol. Films were prepared by spin-coating with a partially hydrolyzed solution, followed by firing at 850 °C for 20 minutes in air. Theta/2-theta scans revealed only [h00] reflections and omega scans (rocking curves) indicated good out-of-plane orientation. Pole figures and phi scans revealed good in-plane orientation and a [100] || [100] epitaxial relationship between the film and the substrate.

scholarly journals Reduced roughness for improved mobility in benzodipyrrolidone-based, n-type OFETS

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (41) ◽  
pp. 8822-8828 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Rumer ◽  
S. Rossbauer ◽  
M. Planells ◽  
S. E. Watkins ◽  
T. D. Anthopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Electron Mobility ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Surface Topology ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bottom Contact ◽  
Out Of Plane

Six phenyl-flanked benzodipyrrolidone-based copolymers are designed, synthesised and characterised. Three exhibit backbone in-plane curvature or out-of-plane twisting, while the other three remain planar and co-linear. While the first three appear less crystalline by X-ray diffraction, they afford a smoother solid-state film surface topology and increased electron mobility in top-gate, bottom-contact OFETs.

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