Closing the Loops Without Human Subjects: A Survey of Control Approaches in Simulation of Human-Artifact Interaction

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilhelm “Wilfred” F. van der Vegte ◽  
Imre Horva´th
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Embedded Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Control Loops ◽  
Human Control ◽  
Cognitive Simulation ◽  
Human Models ◽  
Interaction Simulation

To include interactions with human users in simulations of the use of products, the most common approach is to couple human subjects to the behavioral product model in the simulation loop using interfaces based on VR and haptics. Replacing human subjects by human models with simulation capabilities could offer a cost-saving alternative. Currently available human models have not yet been deployed this way. This paper explores the possibilities to achieve mutual closed-loop coupling between human models and artifact models for enabling fully software-based interaction simulations. We have not only investigated human control in simulations, but also solutions to include embedded control in artifacts. The paper critically reviews existing (partial) solutions to simulate or execute control behaviors, and to close the control loops we identified in human-artifact interaction simulation. We concluded that closed-loop control of interaction simulations can be achieved by selectively combining existing partial solutions. Inclusion of decision-making appears to be the biggest challenge. Promising solutions are (i) cognitive simulation and (ii) execution of conjectured interactions specified as logical instructions, typically in the form of scenarios. Based on scenarios, which we expect to be more intuitive for designers, a new approach is now being developed.

scholarly journals Multi-criteria performance assessment based on closed-loop system identification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
System Identification ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Process Variable ◽  
Loop System ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Closed Loop System ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Control Loops ◽  
Variable Energy

<div>A method to assess the performance of closed loop control loops, based on closed-loop system identification. This method allows to take into account the trade-off between process variable and manipulated variable energy, thus overcoming one of the most important criticisms to Harris' index. </div>

THE RAPID DEVELOPMENT OF A CLOSED-LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 325-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHONG-QIANG DING ◽  
KECK VOON LING ◽  
KIAH MOK GOH
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Reconfigurable Computing ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Embedded Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Closed Loop Control System ◽  
Loop Control System ◽  
Set Up

In this paper, the methods to rapidly deploy closed-loop control systems are presented. A flexible real-time embedded platform based on reconfigurable computing technologies is established, on which control blocks consisting of optimized control algorithms are set up. By employing control blocks, a set of tools aiming to shorten the development cycle of embedded control systems are developed. Compare to conventional ways, the tools give controller developers much faster ways to construct required controllers with higher flexibility.

scholarly journals The role of the hering-breuer deflationary reflex in the control of spontaneous human respiration

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Thomas Fuhr ◽  
Robert Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Biological System ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Control Loops ◽  
Adult Human ◽  
Human Respiration ◽  
Recent Group ◽  
Loop Control System

The application of engineering control theory to biological systems is a challenge. Often, in initial engineering models or designs of systems to exert control over a certain aspect or part of a biological system, other control loops may be in operation within the biological system that are not accounted for. When the operation of such unconsidered hidden loops reveals themselves, this presents an opportunity to expand knowledge of biological control systems. A complimentary pair of reflexes involved in respiration was described by Hering and Breuer in 1868. Since that time, the manifestation of these reflexes has been controversial. In a recent group of studies seeking to apply an open-loop control system to assist or restore ventilation by electrically stimulating abdominal muscles, unexpected experimental results led to a more thorough study of the potential presence of the Hering-Breuer deflationary reflex in adult human subjects. This paper describes experiments in which abdominal compression (both manual and by electrical stimulation of abdominal muscles) provide evidence supporting the presence of the deflationary reflex control loop in adult human subjects. The results can be utilized to develop a comprehensive model of the human respiratory system considering both chemical and mechanical feedback.

scholarly journals Multi-criteria performance assessment based on closed-loop system identification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
System Identification ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Process Variable ◽  
Loop System ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Closed Loop System ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Control Loops ◽  
Variable Energy

<div>A method to assess the performance of closed loop control loops, based on closed-loop system identification. This method allows to take into account the trade-off between process variable and manipulated variable energy, thus overcoming one of the most important criticisms to Harris' index. </div>

scholarly journals Optimal starting control of zero-synchronous shock AMT based on torque compensation

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 003685042096867
Author(s):  
Lu Zhao ◽  
Yang Lin ◽  
Zude Li ◽  
Chenlu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Engine Speed ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Control Loops ◽  
Vehicle Test ◽  
Starting Process ◽  
Starting Control

This article first puts forward the shortcomings of current AMT starting control in the preface. Then, in the second chapter, the dynamic analysis of the starting process was carried out, and the three requirements of starting control were clarified: dynamic requirements, smoothness requirements and low slippage requirements; it was clarified that dynamic requirements were the main control objectives of starting control, smoothness Performance requirements and low clutch wear requirements are constraints. In the third chapter, the optimal control principle of the AMT starting is proposed; the clutch target engagement amount is determined according to the power requirements, the engine speed control strategy and the engine target speed are determined according to the low slip wear requirements, according to the requirements of ride comfort, the clutch engagement speed and synchronous compensation torque are determined, and an optimal starting control method with zero synchronous shock based on torque compensation is proposed. Based on this, the optimal starting controller with three control loops is designed in Chapter 4, it realizes the functions of closed-loop control of driver torque demand, closed-loop control of sliding impact degree, closed-loop control of zero synchronous impact, and closed-loop control of engine speed with low sliding power. Finally, the vehicle test and simulation verification in Chapter 5 confirms that the control method proposed in this paper can effectively meet the starting control goal and eliminate the synchronization shock simply and efficiently.

Double Closed-Loop Feedback Controller Design for Micro Indoor Smart Autonomous Robot

2012 ◽  
Vol 462 ◽  
pp. 474-479
Author(s):  
Guang Yan Xu ◽  
Meng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Autonomous Robot ◽  
Embedded Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Loop Feedback ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Mathematical Model

In order to improve the control system performance of a Micro Indoor Smart Autonomous Robot, an embedded control system based on STM32 processor is proposed and a double closed-loop control structure is applied. The mathematical model is set up and kinematic model is simulated in Matlab/Simulink to estimate the PID parameters. Then the controller is experimented on robot and parameters are adjusted till getting good performance. The results show that the controller is stable and effective.

scholarly journals Virtual Grasping: Closed-Loop Force Control Using Electrotactile Feedback

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Jorgovanovic ◽  
Strahinja Dosen ◽  
Damir J. Djozic ◽  
Goran Krajoski ◽  
Dario Farina
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Feedforward Control ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Sensory Substitution ◽  
Vibrotactile Stimulation ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Control Robustness ◽  
Grasping Force ◽  
Virtual Grasping

Closing the control loop by providing somatosensory feedback to the user of a prosthesis is a well-known, long standing challenge in the field of prosthetics. Various approaches have been investigated for feedback restoration, ranging from direct neural stimulation to noninvasive sensory substitution methods. Although there are many studies presenting closed-loop systems, only a few of them objectively evaluated the closed-loop performance, mostly using vibrotactile stimulation. Importantly, the conclusions about the utility of the feedback were partly contradictory. The goal of the current study was to systematically investigate the capability of human subjects to control grasping force in closed loop using electrotactile feedback. We have developed a realistic experimental setup for virtual grasping, which operated in real time, included a set of real life objects, as well as a graphical and dynamical model of the prosthesis. We have used the setup to test 10 healthy, able bodied subjects to investigate the role of training, feedback and feedforward control, robustness of the closed loop, and the ability of the human subjects to generalize the control to previously “unseen” objects. Overall, the outcomes of this study are very optimistic with regard to the benefits of feedback and reveal various, practically relevant, aspects of closed-loop control.

The Impact of Visual Feedback Type on the Mastery of Visuo-Motor Transformations

2012 ◽  
Vol 220 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Sülzenbrück
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Visual Input ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Feedback Type ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Impact

For the effective use of modern tools, the inherent visuo-motor transformation needs to be mastered. The successful adjustment to and learning of these transformations crucially depends on practice conditions, particularly on the type of visual feedback during practice. Here, a review about empirical research exploring the influence of continuous and terminal visual feedback during practice on the mastery of visuo-motor transformations is provided. Two studies investigating the impact of the type of visual feedback on either direction-dependent visuo-motor gains or the complex visuo-motor transformation of a virtual two-sided lever are presented in more detail. The findings of these studies indicate that the continuous availability of visual feedback supports performance when closed-loop control is possible, but impairs performance when visual input is no longer available. Different approaches to explain these performance differences due to the type of visual feedback during practice are considered. For example, these differences could reflect a process of re-optimization of motor planning in a novel environment or represent effects of the specificity of practice. Furthermore, differences in the allocation of attention during movements with terminal and continuous visual feedback could account for the observed differences.

118-LB: Glucose Variability throughout the Menstrual Cycle on Closed-Loop Control in Type 1 DM

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 118-LB
Author(s):  
CAROL J. LEVY ◽  
GRENYE OMALLEY ◽  
SUE A. BROWN ◽  
DAN RAGHINARU ◽  
YOGISH C. KUDVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Glucose Variability ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Type 1 Dm
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