Research on Segmented Belt Acceleration Curve Based on Automated Mechanical Transmission

An automated mechanical transmission (AMT) is proposed as a new soft starter for medium-scale belt conveyors in this paper. The AMT is used to start the belt conveyor and shift gears step by step to make the belt conveyor accelerate softly. Based on analyzing common soft-starting acceleration curves, a segmented belt acceleration curve is proposed as a new soft-starting acceleration curve. By analyzing the AMT soft-starting system, the system modeling is built and the AMT output shaft’s angular acceleration is proposed to be controlled to control the belt acceleration. The AMT soft-starting simulation model is established in the environment of AMESim, and simulation results of the soft-starting process from the first to eighth gear positions are given. The main parameter curves of the AMT soft-starting system including the belt, driving pulley, and AMT output shaft are analyzed. The simulation model can indicate the viscoelastic property of the belt. The simulation results prove that the segmented belt acceleration is appropriate for a medium-scale belt conveyor and provide a theoretical and reasonable basis for using an AMT as a soft starter.

Test and Analysis of TIG-MIG Hybrid Welding Are

A high-speed camera is used to observe the arc starting and arc stabilization process of the TIG-MIG hybrid welding system. Paschen’s law is used to analyze the path of TIG welding arc breakdown under the condition of the conductive channel provided by the MIG welding arc, and the arc starting process of the double arc hybrid welding is determined. The study found that when the electrode spacing is less than 8.5 mm, two molten pools can form a common molten pool after arc initiation of MIG welding; when the spacing is 10 mm, the two molten pools after arc initiation form a “8” shape; When the distance is 12 mm, there is a low temperature zone between the two arcs, which is separated.

Analisis Pengaruh Penambahan Penyulang Dan Pemisahan Beban Terhadap Susut Daya Menggunakan Metode Simple Branch Exchange (Studi Kasus PT PLN ULP Lima Puluh, Sumatera Utara)

During the distribution process there will be a loss of some of the energy that is channeled. This phenomenon is known as losses. This is caused by technical and non-technical factors. In the State Electricity Service (PLN) system, distribution losses or energy losses is calculated by measuring the difference between kWh produced and kWh sell. This kWh difference is the electrical energy lost during the starting process from the generation or secondary side of the Substation to customers’ APP. Cumulatively, the amount of kWh at all base sources is 73,769.524 kWh while the distribution loss that occurs in JTM is 5,835.008 or 7.91%. One way to overcome and minimize distribution losses in the 20 kV Procurement Service Unit (ULP) of Lima Puluh distribution system is to analyze the distribution network system, add new feeders and break the load on the electrical system. The simple branch exchange method is used to separate the network load, which is done by adding a switch by turning the on or off channel and searching for the configuration that produces the smallest power loss and calculating the power loss based on the network load. Based on the simulation results using the ETAP 12.6 software, the results of the energy loss of Procurement Service Unit (ULP) of Lima Puluh is 5,864,112 kWh then decreased after load separation of 4,341,348 kWh. The value of power loss before load separation is 1,955 kW and a decrease in power loss after load separation is 1,484.5 kW. The investment cost incurred for the construction of a new feeder is RP. 22,000,000,000,- with a payback of 9.9 years. Keywords: Feeder, Power Loss, Energy Loss, ETAP 12.6.

Carbon Finance and Emission Trading in Mexico: Building Lessons from the CDM Experience and FOMECAR (Mexican Carbon Fund)

A more general lesson from the past decade is that climate policy and carbon initiatives such as ETS and carbon pricing are not static concepts, but are instead constantly evolving and building upon previous experiences. The vision of a single, top-down global trading system has shifted toward the reality of various single and regional trading system programmes. Building a national emission trading system in Mexico will surely pass through processes and experiences that the country has somehow undertaken from the Kyoto Protocol (KP) in 2005, particularly with the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), the Mexican Carbon Fund (FOMECAR) and their legacy. Additional design elements or provisions must be prepared under the new ETS in Mexico: regulation will possibly include definitions, scope, compliance obligation, legal procedures and other necessary provisions such as the allocation of permits. However, in order to start the process, important questions on financing the initiative and accompanying the development of an ETS will go through a finance support scenario. Thus, who is going to finance the starting process for allocating emissions, financing bonds and other design issues for the implementation of the Mexican ETS? Who will be financing and offering technical cooperation to follow up on eligible projects for the ETS and who will be supporting education and information activities about ETS implementation? Those and other questions will be addressed in this article, in the light of international and regional experiences.

Analysis methodology for the design of start-up rheostats on thermo-dependent polycrystalline resistances

The article provides a brief analysis of the starting processes of electrical devices in autonomous systems of limited power. The existing methods of automatic start-up and regulation of the operation of electrical machines and apparatus are considered, which are a multi-link system, the reliability of which is determined by a number of intermediate links, and the stepping is one of the biggest drawbacks that negatively affect the dynamics of the starting process. In addition, the issues of simplicity, low cost and small dimensions of the automatic control system for electrical installations are of particular importance in the problem of energy saving. The use of low-power thermistors as part of starting devices requires intermediate equipment and various components, which significantly reduces the reliability of the equipment. The increase in currents flowing through the ballasts simplifies the electrical control and regulation circuits. For the use of polycrystalline semiconductor thermistors in circuits with high currents, it is necessary to use special designs in order to prevent overheating of the thermistor material. The article provides algorithms for the synthesis of starting rheostats. A number of restrictions are considered and formulated, on which the nature of the processes of starting electric motors with the help of thermistor rheostats, which ensure the fulfillment of certain restrictions, depends. Recommendations are given for the formation of optimal starting processes using rheostats built on semiconductor polycrystalline thermistors.