scholarly journals Simulation of Differentials in Four-Wheel Drive Vehicles Using Multibody Dynamics

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Virlez ◽  
Olivier Bru¨ls ◽  
Pierre Duysinx ◽  
Nicolas Poulet
Keyword(s):  
Test Bench ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Nonlinear Finite Element Method ◽  
Vehicle Model ◽  
Contact Conditions ◽  
Flexible Bodies ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

The dynamic performance of vehicle drivetrains is significantly influenced by differentials which are subjected to complex phenomena. In this paper, detailed models of TORSEN differentials are presented using a flexible multibody simulation approach, based on the nonlinear finite element method. A central and a front TORSEN differential have been studied and the numerical results have been compared with experimental data obtained on test bench. The models are composed of several rigid and flexible bodies mainly constrainted by flexible gear pair joints and contact conditions. The three differentials of a four wheel drive vehicle have been assembled in a full drivetrain in a simplified vehicle model with modeling of driveshafts and tires. These simulations enable to observe the four working modes of the differentials with a good accuracy.

Robust mode transition control of four-wheel-drive hybrid electric vehicles based on radial basis function neural network estimation-a simulation study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Li ◽  
Fazhan Tao ◽  
Zhumu Fu
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Mode Transition ◽  
Robust Controller ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Transition Control ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Mode Transition Control ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

Purpose The flexible mode transitions, multiple power sources and system uncertainty lead to challenges for mode transition control of four-wheel-drive hybrid powertrain. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to improve dynamic performance and fuel economy in mode transition process for four-wheel-drive hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), overcoming the influence of system uncertainty. Design/methodology/approach First, operation modes and transitions are analyzed and then dynamic models during mode transition process are established. Second, a robust mode transition controller based on radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is proposed. RBFNN is designed as an uncertainty estimator to approximate lumped model uncertainty due to modeling error. Based on this estimator, a sliding mode controller (SMC) is proposed in clutch slipping phase to achieve clutch speed synchronization, despite disturbance of engine torque error, engine resistant torque and clutch torque. Finally, simulations are carried out on MATLAB/Cruise co-platform. Findings Compared with routine control and SMC, the proposed robust controller can achieve better performance in clutch slipping time, engine torque error, vehicle jerk and slipping work either in nominal system or perturbed system. Originality/value The mode transition control of four-wheel-drive HEVs is investigated, and a robust controller based on RBFNN estimation is proposed. Compared results show that the proposed controller can improve dynamic performance and fuel economy effectively in spite of the existence of uncertainty.

A comparison on optimal torque vectoring strategies in overall performance enhancement of a passenger car

2016 ◽  
Vol 230 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Mehdi Jaafari ◽  
Kourosh Heidari Shirazi
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Stability Control ◽  
Electronic Stability Control ◽  
Slip Angle ◽  
Vehicle Model ◽  
Side Slip Angle ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Torque Vectoring ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

In this paper, a comparison is made on different torque vectoring strategies to find the best strategy in terms of improving handling, fuel consumption, stability and ride comfort performances. The torque vectoring differential strategies include superposition clutch, stationary clutch, four-wheel drive and electronic stability control. The torque vectoring differentials are implemented on an eight-DOF vehicle model and controlled using optimized fuzzy-based controllers. The vehicle model assisted with the Pacejka tyre model, an eight-cylinder dynamic model for engine, and a five-speed transmission system. Bee’s Algorithm is employed to optimize the fuzzy controller to ensure each torque vectoring differential works in its best state. The controller actuates the electronic clutches of the torque vectoring differential to minimize the yaw rate error and limiting the side-slip angle in stability region. To estimate side-slip angle and cornering stiffness, a combined observer is designed based on full order observer and recursive least square method. To validate the results, a realistic car model is built in Carsim package. The final model is tested using a co-simulation between Matlab and Carsim. According to the results, the torque vectoring differential shows better handling compared to electronic stability control, while electronic stability control is more effective in improving the stability in critical situation. Among the torque vectoring differential strategies, stationary clutch in handling and four-wheel drive in fuel consumption as well as ride comfort have better operation and more enhancements.

Dynamic Modeling and Acceleration Control of Electric Vehicles

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 944-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Long Liu ◽  
Shao Peng Zhu ◽  
Zhi Jun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Speed Control ◽  
Acceleration Process ◽  
Vehicle Model ◽  
Brushless Dc ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Speed Control System ◽  
Four Wheel Drive ◽  
Motor Model

This paper constructs a dynamic model of a four-wheel drive electric vehicle, which contains a vehicle model and a brushless DC motor model. In order to improve the starting and acceleration performance of the electric vehicle, we design a speed and current double closed-loop speed control system based on the constructed dynamic electric vehicle model. The starting and acceleration process of the electric vehicle is simulated and analyzed by CarSim-Matlab/Simulink co-simulation. The effectiveness of the speed control system is evaluated by the co-simulation results. In addition, the robustness of the speed control system is also analyzed for different vehicle masses.

scholarly journals An electric vehicle model and validation using a Nissan Leaf: A Python-based object-oriented programming approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 168781401878209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Howroyd ◽  
Rob Thring
Keyword(s):  
Object Oriented ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Object Oriented Programming ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Vehicle Model ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Common Drive ◽  
Object Oriented Approach ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

Electric vehicles are becoming more and more prevalent, especially with major manufacturers announcing that they will be focusing on electric or hybrid vehicles in the future. This article describes an object-oriented approach to a vehicle model using Python 3. This approach allows for flexibility of vehicle design. The key parameters were input to define the specific vehicle for validation, in this case a Nissan Leaf. It is anticipated that this flexibility will lead to rapid exploratory design of vehicle variants, such as four-wheel drive, independent wheel drive and multiple electrical sources. The model had its objects individually validated before the whole vehicle was verified against common drive cycles and a real-world drive in the United Kingdom recorded using an On-board Diagnostics (OBD2) Bluetooth dongle.

Research on Drive Mode for an Independent Eight In-Wheel Motor Drive Vehicle

2014 ◽  
Vol 472 ◽  
pp. 327-332
Author(s):  
Wen Jiao Liang ◽  
Jun Qiu Li
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Motor Drive ◽  
Drive Mode ◽  
The Road ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Driving Condition ◽  
Integrated Performance ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

This paper describes a control strategy of drive modes switch for an independent eight in-wheel motor drive vehicle. There are three drive modes, and they are eight-wheel drive with ASR mode, eight-wheel drive mode and four-wheel drive mode. The control strategy is designed to improve the integrated performance of the vehicle, such as safety, dynamic performance and economic performance, but the previous research can only improve one of them. When the road adhesion coefficient is very small, the vehicle will drive in eight-wheel drive with ASR mode to ensure the vehicles safety, when the driver torque demand is very big, the vehicle will drive in eight-wheel mode to get better dynamic performance and when the driver torque demand is very small, the vehicle drive in four-wheel mode to get better economic performance. The vehicle switches among the three modes according to the driving condition. Simulations of the new control strategy were carried out on two different driving conditions. The results showed that an improvement in safety or economic performance was achieved with the control strategy.

Research on Control Strategy of Traction Control for Four Wheel Drive Vehicle

2011 ◽  
Vol 230-232 ◽  
pp. 1242-1249
Author(s):  
Jian Jun Hu ◽  
Zheng Bin He ◽  
Peng Ge ◽  
Da Tong Qin
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Traction Control ◽  
Torque Distribution ◽  
Traction Control System ◽  
Wheel Drive ◽  
Four Wheel Drive

In order to improve the performance of four wheel driver vehicle, structural characteristics of inter-axle torque distribution with planetary gear are analyzed, and a dynamic model of four wheel drive vehicle is established. A synthetic control strategy was proposed to achieve the engine throttle control, inter-axle torque distribution control and drive wheel brake control. Traction control system based on fuzzy logic control is designed. The simulation of traction control on split-µ road and low-µ road are carried out. The results show that, the traction control system for four wheel drive vehicle based on fuzzy control can prevent excessive slip of driving wheels, and vehicle traction property and dynamic performance are improved obviously.

Influence of Flexible Side-Chains on the Breathing Phase Transition of Pillared Layer MOFs: A Force Field Investigation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Keupp ◽  
Johannes P. Dürholt ◽  
Rochus Schmid
Keyword(s):  
First Principles ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Square Lattice ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
Closed Pore

The prototypical pillared layer MOFs, formed by a square lattice of paddle-<br>wheel units and connected by dinitrogen pillars, can undergo a breathing phase<br>transition by a “wine-rack” type motion of the square lattice. We studied this not<br>yet fully understood behavior using an accurate first principles parameterized force<br>field (MOF-FF) for larger nanocrystallites on the example of Zn 2 (bdc) 2 (dabco) [bdc:<br>benzenedicarboxylate, dabco: (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane)] and found clear indi-<br>cations for an interface between a closed and an open pore phase traveling through<br>the system during the phase transformation [Adv. Theory Simul. 2019, 2, 11]. In<br>conventional simulations in small supercells this mechanism is prevented by periodic<br>boundary conditions (PBC), enforcing a synchronous transformation of the entire<br>crystal. Here, we extend this investigation to pillared layer MOFs with flexible<br>side-chains, attached to the linker. Such functionalized (fu-)MOFs are experimen-<br>tally known to have different properties with the side-chains acting as fixed guest<br>molecules. First, in order to extend the parameterization for such flexible groups,<br>1a new parametrization strategy for MOF-FF had to be developed, using a multi-<br>structure force based fit method. The resulting parametrization for a library of<br>fu-MOFs is then validated with respect to a set of reference systems and shows very<br>good accuracy. In the second step, a series of fu-MOFs with increasing side-chain<br>length is studied with respect to the influence of the side-chains on the breathing<br>behavior. For small supercells in PBC a systematic trend of the closed pore volume<br>with the chain length is observed. However, for a nanocrystallite model a distinct<br>interface between a closed and an open pore phase is visible only for the short chain<br>length, whereas for longer chains the interface broadens and a nearly concerted trans-<br>formation is observed. Only by molecular dynamics simulations using accurate force<br>fields such complex phenomena can be studied on a molecular level.

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