Tolerance-Maps for Line-Profiles Constructed From Boolean Operations on Primitive T-Map Elements

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. He ◽  
J. K. Davidson ◽  
Jami J. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Line Profile ◽  
Line Profiles ◽  
Tolerance Zone ◽  
Compressor Blades ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Math Model ◽  
True Profile ◽  
Profile Tolerance ◽  
On Line ◽  
Computer Automation

For purposes of automating the assignment of tolerances during design, a math model, called the Tolerance-Map (T-Map), has been produced for most of the tolerance classes that are used by designers. Each T-Map is a hypothetical point-space that represents the geometric variations of a feature in its tolerance-zone. Of the six tolerance classes defined in the ASME/ANSI/ISO Standards, only one attempt has been made at modeling line-profiles [1], and the method used is an intuitive kinematic description of the allowable displacements of the middle-sized profile within its tolerance-zone. The objective of this paper is to describe an alternative method of construction, one that is much more amenable to computer automation, to obtain the T-Map of any line-profile. Tolerances on line-profiles are used to control cross-sectional shapes of parts, even mildly twisted ones such as those on turbine or compressor blades. Such tolerances limit geometric manufacturing variations to a specified two-dimensional tolerance-zone, i.e. an area, the boundaries to which are curves parallel to the true profile. The single profile tolerance may be used to control position, orientation, and form of the profile. The new method requires decomposing a profile into segments, creating a solid-model T-Map primitive for each, and then combining these by the Boolean intersection to generate the T-Map for a complete line profile of any shape. To economize on length, the scope of this paper is limited to line-profiles having any polygonal shape.

Using Planar Kinematics to Construct the Full 4-D Tolerance-Map for a Line-Profile

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Savaliya ◽  
J. K. Davidson ◽  
Jami J. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Companion Paper ◽  
Line Profiles ◽  
Tolerance Zone ◽  
Compressor Blades ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Math Model ◽  
True Profile ◽  
Triangular Profile ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Common

Tolerances on line-profiles are used to control cross-sectional shapes of parts, even mildly twisted ones such as those on turbine or compressor blades. Such tolerances limit geometric manufacturing variations to a specified two-dimensional tolerance-zone, i.e. an area, the boundaries to which are curves parallel to the true profile. The single profile tolerance may be used to control position, orientation, and form of the profile. For purposes of automating the assignment of tolerances during design, a math model, called the Tolerance-Map (T-Map), has been produced for most of the tolerance classes that are used by designers. Each T-Map is a hypothetical point-space that represents the geometric variations of a feature in its tolerance-zone. Of the six tolerance classes defined in the ASME/ANSI/ISO Standards, only one attempt has been made at modeling line-profiles [1], and the method used is a kinematic description, based largely on intuition, of the allowable displacements of the middle-sized profile within its tolerance-zone. The result presented is a 4-D double pyramid having a 3-D shape for the common base. Allowable small changes in size represent the fourth dimension in the altitude-direction of the pyramids. However, that work is limited to square, rectangular, and right-triangular profile shapes for which the 3-D transverse sections (called hypersections) of the 4-D T-Map are all geometrically similar to the base because the boundaries are doubly traced. For more generally shaped profiles, [2] the hypersections are not geometrically similar to the base. The objective of this paper is to expand the kinematic description of a profile in its tolerance-zone to include the changing constraints that take place as size is incremented or decremented within the allowable tolerance-range. It provides validation of a different method that is described in a companion paper [3].

Modeling of Geometric Variations for Line-Profiles

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph K. Davidson ◽  
Jami J. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Line Profiles ◽  
Tolerance Zone ◽  
Geometric Tolerances ◽  
True Profile ◽  
Profile Tolerance ◽  
On Line ◽  
Model Features ◽  
Tolerance Accumulation ◽  
First Time

The geometric variations in a tolerance-zone can be modeled with hypothetical point-spaces called Tolerance-Maps (T-Maps) for purposes of automating the assignment of tolerances during design. The objective of this paper is to extend this model to represent tolerances on line-profiles. Such tolerances limit geometric manufacturing variations to a specified two-dimensional tolerance-zone, i.e. an area, the boundaries to which are curves parallel to the true profile. The single profile tolerance may be used to control position, orientation, and form of the profile. In this paper, the Tolerance-Map (Patent No. 6963824) is a hypothetical volume of points that captures all the positions for the true profile, and those curves parallel to it, which can reside in the tolerance-zone. The model is compatible with the ASME/ANSI/ISO Standards for geometric tolerances. T-Maps have been generated for other classes of geometric tolerances in which the variation of the feature are represented with a plane, line or circle, and these have been incorporated into testbed software for aiding designers when assigning tolerances for assemblies. In this paper the T-Map for line-profiles is created and, for the first time in this model, features may be either symmetrical or non-symmetrical simple planar curves, typically closed. To economize on length of the paper, and yet to introduce a method whereby T-Maps may be used to optimize the allocation of tolerances for line-profiles, the scope of the paper has been limited to square, rectangular, and triangular shapes. An example of tolerance accumulation is presented to illustrate this method.

Modeling of Geometric Variations for Line-Profiles

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph K. Davidson ◽  
Jami J. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Line Profiles ◽  
Tolerance Zone ◽  
Geometric Tolerances ◽  
True Profile ◽  
Profile Tolerance ◽  
On Line ◽  
Model Features ◽  
Tolerance Accumulation ◽  
First Time

The geometric variations in a tolerance-zone can be modeled with hypothetical point-spaces called Tolerance-Maps (T-Maps) for purposes of automating the assignment of tolerances during design. The objective of this paper is to extend this model to represent tolerances on line-profiles. Such tolerances limit geometric manufacturing variations to a specified two-dimensional tolerance-zone, i.e., an area, the boundaries to which are curves parallel to the true profile. The single profile tolerance may be used to control position, orientation, and form of the profile. In this paper, the Tolerance-Map (Patent No. 6963824) is a hypothetical volume of points that captures all the positions for the true profile, and those curves parallel to it, which can reside in the tolerance-zone. The model is compatible with the ASME/ANSI/ISO Standards for geometric tolerances. T-Maps have been generated for other classes of geometric tolerances in which the variations of the feature are represented with a plane, line or circle, and these have been incorporated into testbed software for aiding designers when assigning tolerances for assemblies. In this paper the T-Map for line-profiles is created and, for the first time in this model, features may be either symmetrical or nonsymmetrical simple planar curves, typically closed. To economize on length of the paper, and yet to introduce a method whereby T-Maps may be used to optimize the allocation of tolerances for line-profiles, the scope of the paper has been limited to square, rectangular, and triangular shapes. An example of tolerance accumulation is presented to illustrate this method.

Tolerance-Maps for Line-Profiles Formed by Intersecting Kinematically Transformed Primitive Tolerance-Map Elements

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. He ◽  
J. K. Davidson ◽  
N. J. Kalish ◽  
Jami J. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Line Profile ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Solid Model ◽  
Line Profiles ◽  
Tolerance Zone ◽  
Math Model ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
Point Space ◽  
Map Construction ◽  
Global Reference Frame

For the purposes of automating the assignment of tolerances during design, a math model, called the Tolerance-Map (T-Map), has been produced for most of the tolerance classes that are used by designers. Each T-Map is a hypothetical point-space that represents the geometric variations of a feature in its tolerance-zone. Of the six tolerance classes defined in the ASME/ANSI/ISO Standards, profile tolerances have received the least attention for representation in computer models. The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive treatment of T-Map construction for any line-profile by using primitive T-Map elements and their Boolean intersection. The method requires (a) decomposing a profile into segments, each of constant curvature; (b) creating a solid-model T-Map primitive for each in a common global reference frame; and (c) combining these by Boolean intersection to generate the T-Map for a complete line-profile of any shape. Freeform portions of a profile are modeled as a series of closely spaced points and subsequent formation of short circular arc-segments, each formed from the circle that osculates to three adjacent points.

Methods of Robotics and the Pseudoinverse to Obtain the Least-Squares Fit of Measured Points on Line-Profiles

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Davidson ◽  
S. B. Savaliya ◽  
Y. He ◽  
Jami J. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Line Profile ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Line Profiles ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Least Squares Fit ◽  
On Line

Tolerances on line profiles are used to control cross-sectional shapes of parts, such as turbine blades. A full life cycle for many mechanical devices depends (i) on a wise assignment of tolerances during design and (ii) on careful quality control of the manufacturing process to ensure adherence to the specified tolerances. This paper describes a new method to improve the quality control of a manufacturing process by converting measured points on a part to a geometric entity that can be compared directly with tolerance specifications. The focus of this paper is the development of a new computational method for obtaining the least-squares fit of a set of points that have been measured with a coordinate measurement machine along a line-profile. The pseudo-inverse of a rectangular matrix is used to convert the measured points to the least-squares fit of the profile. A numerical example is included for a convex line-profile that is formed from line- and circular arc-segments.

scholarly journals Overloaded and fractured stellar winds

2003 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achim Feldmeier ◽  
Lida M. Oskinova ◽  
Wolf-Rainer Hamann ◽  
Stanley P. Owocki
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Line Profile ◽  
Propagation Speed ◽  
Stellar Winds ◽  
Line Profiles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
On Line

We discuss the connection between wind overloading and discrete absorption components in P-Cygni line profiles from O-type stars. Overloading can create horizontal plateaus in the radial wind speed that cause the extra absorption in the line profile. The upstream propagation speed of these velocity plateaus is analyzed. The second part of the paper deals with X-ray emission from O-type stars. X-ray line profiles observed with Chandra and XMM-Newton are often symmetric, contrary to what is expected for lines from a homogeneous wind. We discuss the influence on line symmetry of photon escape channels in a strongly clumped wind.

scholarly journals The Kinematics of Quasar Broad Emission Line Regions Using a Disk-Wind Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suk Yee Yong ◽  
Rachel L. Webster ◽  
Anthea L. King ◽  
Nicholas F. Bate ◽  
Matthew J. O’Dowd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Line ◽  
Line Profile ◽  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Opening Angle ◽  
Line Profiles ◽  
Wind Model ◽  
Disk Wind ◽  
Reverberation Mapping ◽  
Broad Emission ◽  
Line Region

AbstractThe structure and kinematics of the broad line region in quasars are still unknown. One popular model is the disk-wind model that offers a geometric unification of a quasar based on the viewing angle. We construct a simple kinematical disk-wind model with a narrow outflowing wind angle. The model is combined with radiative transfer in the Sobolev, or high velocity, limit. We examine how angle of viewing affects the observed characteristics of the emission line. The line profiles were found to exhibit distinct properties depending on the orientation, wind opening angle, and region of the wind where the emission arises.At low inclination angle (close to face-on), we find that the shape of the emission line is asymmetric, narrow, and significantly blueshifted. As the inclination angle increases (close to edge-on), the line profile becomes more symmetric, broader, and less blueshifted. Additionally, lines that arise close to the base of the disk wind, near the accretion disk, tend to be broad and symmetric. Single-peaked line profiles are recovered for the intermediate and equatorial wind. The model is also able to reproduce a faster response in either the red or blue sides of the line profile, consistent with reverberation mapping studies.

scholarly journals Kelebihan Berat Badan Dipicu oleh Aktifitas Media Sosial pada Remaja

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sirajuddin Sirajuddin
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional ◽  
On Line ◽  
Quota Sampling ◽  
Line P

Latar belakang : Kelebihan berat badan yang tidak proporsional terhadap tinggi badan adalah paramater obesitas yang paling nyata dan rendahnya aktivitas fisik yang rendah adalah salah satu pemicunya. Obesitas diketahui pada siswa SMP di Kota Makassar sebesar 10,6% overweight dan 7,9% obesitas. Aktifitas media sosial adalah parameter rendahnya aktivuitas fisik. Tujuan riset ini adalah untuk menganalisis korelasi kelebihan berat badan dengan aktifitas media sosial pada siswa SMP di Kota Makassar.Metode :Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian survei dengan pendekatan cross sectional studi. Sampel diambil dari 4 Sekolah Menengah Pertama dari  yaitu SMPN 6, 17, 12 dan 32 Kota Makassar. Besar sampel sebanyak 404 siswa yang diambil secara quota sampling setiap sekolah sebesar 100 siswa dan secara proporsional pada kelas II dan III. Berat Badan diukur dengan Seca ketelitian 0,1 kg sedangka tinggi badan diukur dengan stadiometer ketelitian 0,1 cm. Kelebihan berat  badan adalah diukur dari Indeks Massa Tubuh (kg/m2). Aktifitas fisik diukur dari kegiatan olah raga rutin (minimal 25 menit setip kegiatan dan dilakukan minimal 5 hari dalam seminggu), aktifitas media sosial (menit dan hari), dan games on line (menit dan hari). Pengolahan dan analisis data menggunakan program SPPS for windows. Uji statistika dengan Korelasi Spearmen pada kemaknaan 95%.Hasil :Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa kelebihan berat badan pada siswa SMP di Kota Makassar adalah 18,6% dan SMP Negeri 6 adalah yang tertinggi (7,2%). Aktifutas media sosial dilakukan oleh 91,3% siswa SMP Kota Makassar dan tertinggi di SMP N 17 dan SMP 6 masing masing 24,8% dan 24%. Kelebihan berat badan berkorelasi positif dengan aktifitas media sosial (p=0,016). Indeks Massa Tubuh berkorelasi positif dengan aktif media sosial (p= 0,036) dan 0,016). Aktifitas media sosial juga berkorelasi positif dengan aktifitas bermain game on line (p=0.000).Simpulan: Kesimpulan bahwa semakin lama (menit)  siswa aktif di media sosial dan game on line, maka kenaikan berat badannya lebih nyata. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah mengatasi kelebihan berat badan dengan cara mengaktifkan siswa dalam even olah raga dan kegiatan lain di sekolah dan diluar sekolah. Membatasi pemakaian kendaraan dalam jarak tertentu dari sekolah adalah layak dicoba.

scholarly journals Efeito da gamificação na intenção de uso de treinamentos on-line: uma adaptação do modelo UTAUT aplicado no TRT-2

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 472
Author(s):  
Ludmilla Cavarzere de Oliveira ◽  
Luis Hernan Contreras Pinochet ◽  
Ricardo Luiz Pereira Bueno ◽  
Mauri Aparecido de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Regional Labor ◽  
On Line ◽  
Facilitating Conditions

The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of gamification on intention to use online training from the partial validation of the UTAUT model for qualification of members and servers of the Regional Labor Court of the 2nd Region (TRT-2). The study analyzed the relationship between constructs performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, and familiarity with the intention to use gaming in distance media.  This was conducted through an empirical application, which used the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) for data analysis. The research was a single cross-sectional survey, carried out with TRT-2 members and servers who participated in the distance-feeding course ‘Healthy Living’ in 2015. Of the four hypotheses, only familiarity (F) was not significant as it did not serve as a behavioral intentions (BI) predictor of gamification for distance learning courses. Some explanations for such phenomenon may be career promotion and additional qualifications, learning by doing and sample size. The results confirmed that most hypotheses have a high statistical significance of the structural paths and have demonstrated that the model proposed in this study is consistent and can be applied in future studies with appropriate adjustments.

scholarly journals Concepção e divulgação de um e-survey para pesquisa em administração aplicada em enfermagem

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (80) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quevellin Alves dos Santos Francisco ◽  
Maria Regina Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Surveys And Questionnaires ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Nursing Administration ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Online Surveys ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nursing Managers ◽  
Data Collection Instrument ◽  
On Line ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

Design and divulgation of an e-survey for research in nursing administration Análise do processo de concepção e divulgação de um e-survey desenvolvido como instrumento de coleta de dados para um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, de corte transversal, do tipo survey, que resultou na dissertação de mestrado “Participação dos gestores de enfermagem na gestão de pessoas: um estudo do tipo survey”. As etapas da elaboração do e-survey foram: concepção, divulgação e envio do questionário através de uma rede social entre os anos de 2018 e 2019. As pesquisas on-line aproximam pesquisadores-participantes, porém garantem privacidade e comodidade. Para estas pesquisas é primordial a definição de um trajeto metodológico, pois os resultados obtidos podem ser usados para tomar decisões importantes no âmbito da prática da enfermagem.Palavras-chave: Inquéritos e Questionários; Enfermagem; Serviços On-Line; Pesquisa em Enfermagem; Internet ABSTRACTProcess analysis the conception and dissemination of an e-survey developed as a data collection instrument of a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional Survey study, which resulted in the master dissertation “Participation of nursing managers in management. of people: a Survey study”. The stages of the preparation of the e-survey were conception, dissemination and sending of the questionnaire through a social network between 2018 and 2019. Online surveys bring research participants closer together but guarantee privacy and convenience. For this research it is essential to define a methodological path because the results can be used to make important decisions in the scope of nursing practice.Keywords: Surveys and Questionnaires; Nursing; Online services; Nursing research; Internet

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