New High Performance Gear Steels for Rotorcraft Transmission Applications (Ferrium® C61™ and Ferrium C64™)

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Sebastian ◽  
Jeff Grabowski ◽  
Dave Snyder
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Innovation Research ◽  
Surface Fatigue ◽  
Vacuum Carburization ◽  
Computational Materials ◽  
Gear Steels

QuesTek Innovations LLC will present an overview of its Ferrium® C61™ and Ferrium C64™ high-performance gear steels. QuesTek designed, developed and implemented these two new steels using its Materials by Design® technology, an “Integrated Computational Materials Engineering” (ICME)-type approach. Both steels are commercially available (Ferrium C61 falls under Aerospace Materials Specification [AMS] number 6517 and Ferrium C64 falls under AMS 6509) and both can significantly reduce rotorcraft weight and manufacturing costs while increasing operational robustness (including gear steel oil-out/high temperature survivability). Ferrium C61 and C64 are new high strength, secondary hardening gear steels that offer different levels of case hardness. These highly-processable steels exhibit excellent hardenability, and were explicitly designed to leverage the advantages of high-temperature vacuum carburization. Ferrium C61 (AMS 6517) exhibits both excellent surface fatigue and core properties (225 ksi yield strength, 240 ksi ultimate tensile strength, 130 ksi•?in fracture toughness), and is a good candidate for integral gear/shaft applications where maximum torque transfer with minimum weight is tantamount. Ferrium C64 (AMS 6509) exhibits excellent surface hardness (62+ HRC after vacuum carburization), with the potential for significantly better surface fatigue performance as compared to incumbent gear steels such as AISI 9310 (AMS 6265) and Pyrowear® Alloy 53 (AMS 6308). The final tempering temperatures of both C61 and C64 (482–510°C) are 200–300°C higher than most incumbent gear steels, providing excellent scoring resistance and superior thermal stability in high-temperature environments and “oil-out” emergency conditions. Rotorcraft applications underway include an evaluation of C64 by Bell Helicopter under the U.S. Army Future Advanced Rotorcraft Drive Systems (FARDS) program, and of C61 for the forward rotorshaft of Boeing’s CH-47 Chinook under a U.S. Army Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase II project.

ARMCO PH 13-8Mo

Alloy Digest ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract ARMCO PH 13-8Mo is designed for high-performance applications requiring high strength coupled with excellent resistance to corrosion and stress corrosion. It has excellent toughness, good transverse properties and excellent forgeability. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance, and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-224. Producer or source: Baltimore Specialty Steels Corporation. Originally published May 1969, revised February 1990.

scholarly journals Pitting and Bending Fatigue Evaluations of a New Case-Carburized Gear Steel

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Krantz ◽  
Brian Tufts
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Bending Fatigue ◽  
Surface Fatigue ◽  
Gear Steel ◽  
Single Tooth ◽  
Carburized Gear ◽  
Gear Steels

The power density of a gearbox is an important consideration for many applications and is especially important for gearboxes used on aircraft. One approach to improving power density of gearing is to improve the steel properties by design of the alloy. The alloy tested in this work was designed to be case-carburized with surface hardness of Rockwell C66 after hardening. Test gear performance was evaluated using surface fatigue tests and single-tooth bending fatigue tests. The performance of gears made from the new alloy was compared to the performance of gears made from two alloys currently used for aviation gearing. The new alloy exhibited significantly better performance in surface fatigue testing, demonstrating the value of the improved properties in the case layer. However, the alloy exhibited lesser performance in single-tooth bending fatigue testing. The fracture toughness of the tested gears was insufficient for use in aircraft applications as judged by the behavior exhibited during the single tooth bending tests. This study quantified the performance of the new alloy and has provided guidance for the design and development of next generation gear steels.

Material Properties of Ultra - High Performance Concrete in Extreme Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 711 ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Citek ◽  
Milan Rydval ◽  
Stanislav Rehacek ◽  
Jiří Kolísko
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Ultra High Performance Concrete ◽  
Freeze Thaw

The Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) is a very promising material suitable for application in special structures. However, the knowledge of performance of this relatively new material is rather limited. The exceptional mechanical properties of UHPC allow for a modification of the design rules, which are applicable in ordinary or high strength concrete. This paper deals in more detail with impact of thermal stress on bond properties between prestressing strands and UHPC and an influence of high temperature to final material properties of different UHPC mixtures. Specimens in the first experimental part were subjected to the cycling freeze-thaw testing. The relationship between bond behavior of both type of material (UHPC and ordinary concrete) and effect of cycling freeze-thaw tests was investigated. The second part of experimental work was focused on mechanical properties of UHPC exposure to the high temperature (Tmax = 200°C to Tmax = 1000°C). Tested mechanical properties were compressive and flexural strengths, the fracture properties will be presented in the next paper. The obtained experimental data serve as a basis for further systematic experimental verification and more accurate information about the significantly higher material properties of UHP(FR)C and its behavior in extreme conditions.

scholarly journals Numerical Modelling of the Powder Metallurgical Manufacturing Chain of High Strength Sintered Gears

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Rajaei ◽  
Yuanbin Deng ◽  
Oliver Schenk ◽  
Soheil Rooein ◽  
Alexander Bezold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Monte Carlo Model ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Homogenization Method ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Fe Modelling ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Materials Engineering ◽  
Integrated Computational Materials Engineering ◽  
Computational Materials

AbstractThis paper presents a digital model for the powder metallurgical (PM) production chain of high-performance sintered gears based on an integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) platform. Discrete and finite element methods (DEM and FEM) were combined to describe the macroscopic material response to the thermomechanical loads and process conditions during the entire production process. The microstructural evolution during the sintering process was predicted on the meso-scale using a Monte-Carlo Model. The effective elastic properties were determined by a homogenization method based on modelling a representative volume element (RVE). The results were subsequently used for the FE modelling of the heat treatment process. Through the development of multi-scale models, it was possible obtain characteristics of the microstructural features. The predicted hardness and residual stress distributions allowed the calculation of the tooth root load bearing capacity of the heat-treated sintered gears.

A Material Genomic Design of Advanced High Performance, Non-Corroding Steels for Ambient and High Temperature Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 783-786 ◽  
pp. 1201-1206
Author(s):  
Qi Lu ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Sybrand van der Zwaag
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Algorithm Optimization ◽  
Maraging Stainless Steel ◽  
Materials Genome ◽  
Optimization Routine ◽  
Materials Genome Initiative ◽  
Creep Resistant Steels ◽  
Temperature Applications

This work presents an artificial intelligence based design of a series of novel advanced high performance steels for ambient and high temperature applications, following the principle of the materials genome initiative, using an integrated thermodynamics/kinetics based model in combination with a genetic algorithm optimization routine. Novel steel compositions and associated key heat treatment parameters are designed both for applications at the room temperature (ultra-high strength maraging stainless steel) and at high temperatures (ferritic, martensitic and austenitic creep resistant steels). The strength of existing high end alloys of aforementioned four types are calculated according to the corresponding design criteria. The model validation studies suggest that the newly designed alloys have great potential in outperforming existing grades.

scholarly journals Applications of polyimide coatings: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayse Sezer Hicyilmaz ◽  
Ayse Celik Bedeloglu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Electronics Industry ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Nanofiber Membrane ◽  
High Temperature Stability ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Polyimide Coating

AbstractPolyimides, high-performance polymers with superior properties such as high temperature stability, resistance to solvents and high strength, can be used in high-tech applications of the aerospace and aviation, medical or electronics industry in different forms (film, fiber, nanofiber, membrane, foam, adhesive or coating). Among these applications, coating has a special place and is used to develop advanced structures having high temperature resistance, flame retardancy and etc. for high tech industries via an economical and feasible way. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to report the broad application status of polyimide coatings by reviewing publications, patents and commercial products. Thus, this study can assist in selecting suitable polyimide types and production methods for polyimide coating applications and in understanding their applicability for future products.

Properties of Concrete Subjected to Extreme Thermal Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Bamonte ◽  
Pietro Gambarova
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Strength Concrete ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Cementitious Composites ◽  
Strength Concrete ◽  
Residual Properties

Durability, high-temperature resistance, impact and blast resilience, radiation-shielding properties, irradiation endurance and - of course - good mechanical properties are required of the cementitious composites to be used in a variety of high-performance structures. Among these, tall buildings, road and railway tunnels, off-shore platforms, gasification plants, wind and solar mills for the production of "clean" energy should be mentioned, as well as nuclear power plants, and radioactive- and hazardous-waste repositories. Hence, understanding, measuring and modelling concrete behavior under extreme environmental conditions is instrumental in making concrete structures safer and more efficient. To this end, the hot and residual properties associated with the exposure to high temperature, fire and thermal shock are treated in this paper. Reference is made to ordinary vibrated concrete (Normal-Strength Concrete - NSC), as well as to a number of innovative cementitious composites, such as Fiber-Reinforced Concrete - FRC, High-Performance/High-Strength Concrete - HPC/HSC, Ultra High-Performance/Very High-Strength Concrete - UHPC /VHSC, Self-Compacting/Consolidating Concrete - SCC, Light-Weight Concrete - LWC, shotcrete and high-strength mortars. It is shown that these materials can be "tailored" according to a variety of requirements and functions, even if several aspects of their behavior (like spalling in fire and long-term mechanical properties under sustained high temperature) are still open to investigation.

The Innovative Design of Suspension Cast Components of Vehicles Made from High-Strength AlZnMgCu Alloy Resistant to an IED Type Threat

2014 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 181-190
Author(s):  
Robert Żuczek ◽  
Stanisław Pysz ◽  
Piotr Sprawka ◽  
Tomasz Muszyński
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Materials Engineering ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Integrated Computational Materials Engineering ◽  
Lower Control Arm ◽  
Computational Materials ◽  
New Research

The new research trends are moving away from research works that are not directly connected with industrial applications. The Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) is an excellent example of the relationship between scientific research and the industrial sector.As an example of the design development of construction of a suspension component, an overview of the changes of a welded part replaced with cast component is presented. The identification of boundary conditions and forces operating on the nodes of the suspension element allowed determining the critical areas in the existing welded construction. Then the new design of casting for high performance applications was developed. Analysis of the kinematics of the suspension components also revealed the need for changes in the design of the mounting points of the suspension components to reduce the maximum values ​​of forces and enforced moments. As a result of successive stages of the topology optimization of analysed cast, control arms with significantly lower values ​​of maximum stresses were obtained. The material conversion of welded part with high strength AlZnMgCu aluminium alloy allowed the reduction of the weight by 25% for the lower control arm and 30% for upper control arm.

VASCO X-2 CVM

Alloy Digest ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
High Fatigue ◽  
Hot Hardness

Abstract VASCO X-2 CVM is a steel designed especially for gears and shafts where a high surface hardness (carburized) and superior hot hardness are desired. It is a vacuum-melted steel and provides an excellent combination of high strength, good toughness and high fatigue strength. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness and fatigue. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: TS-261. Producer or source: Teledyne Vasco.

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