ecoRacer: Game-Based Optimal Electric Vehicle Design and Driver Control Using Human Players

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Ren ◽  
Alparslan Emrah Bayrak ◽  
Panos Y. Papalambros
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Human Computation ◽  
Efficient Global Optimization ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Control Problems ◽  
Np Complete ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

We investigate the cost and benefit of crowdsourcing solutions to an NP-complete powertrain design and control problem. Specifically, we cast this optimization problem as an online competition, and received 2391 game plays by 124 anonymous players during the first week from the launch. We compare the performance of human players against that of the Efficient Global Optimization (EGO) algorithm. We show that while only a small portion of human players can outperform the algorithm in long term, players tend to formulate good heuristics early on, from where good solutions can be extracted and used to constrain the solution space. Incorporating this constraint into the search enhances the efficiency of the algorithm, even for problem settings different from the game. These findings indicate that human computation is promising in solving comprehensible and computationally hard optimal design and control problems.

scholarly journals EcoRacer: Game-Based Optimal Electric Vehicle Design and Driver Control Using Human Players

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Ren ◽  
Alparslan Emrah Bayrak ◽  
Panos Y. Papalambros
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Efficient Global Optimization ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Control Problems ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Algorithm Efficiency ◽  
Np Complete ◽  
And Control

We compare the performance of human players against that of the efficient global optimization (EGO) algorithm for an NP-complete powertrain design and control problem. Specifically, we cast this optimization problem as an online competition and received 2391 game plays by 124 anonymous players during the first month from launch. We found that while only a small portion of human players can outperform the algorithm in the long term, players tend to formulate good heuristics early on that can be used to constrain the solution space. Such constraining of the search enhances algorithm efficiency, even for different game settings. These findings indicate that human-assisted computational searches are promising in solving comprehensible yet computationally hard optimal design and control problems, when human players can outperform the algorithm in a short term.

scholarly journals A Discrete Imperialist Competitive Algorithm for WSN Deployment

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Kamal Jadidy Aval ◽  
Masumeh Damrudi
Keyword(s):  
Event Detection ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Imperialist Competitive Algorithm ◽  
Message Delivery ◽  
Exact Methods ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Competitive Algorithm ◽  
Minimum Probability ◽  
Np Complete

The WSN deployment problem is addressed in this paper. The problem applies to the monitored areas with different detection needs at different points. In this problem, every point of the terrain is assigned with a predefined minimum probability of event detection. The objective is providing the best position for the network nodes and at the same time assuring event detection, detection message delivery, and reducing deployment cost. We have formulated the problem as an optimization problem with three objectives, which is NP-complete. Because of the huge solution space for the problem and the exponential computational complexity, none of the exact methods known yet can solve the problem unless for a pretty small scaled case. To battle the complexity of the solution, a new scalable solution is proposed based on imperialist competitive algorithm namely imperialist competitive deployment algorithm (ICDA). We compare the proposal to the related deployment strategies, and the results show that ICDA outperforms them.  

Numerical solution of time-delay optimal control problems by the operational matrix based on Hartley series

2021 ◽  
pp. 014233122110533
Author(s):  
Mahmood Dadkhah ◽  
Kamal Mamehrashi
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Optimal Control Problems ◽  
Numerical Technique ◽  
Operational Matrix ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Control Problems ◽  
Operational Matrices ◽  
Algebraic Equations ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

In this paper, a numerical technique based on the Hartley series for solving a class of time-delayed optimal control problems (TDOCPs) is introduced. The main idea is converting such TDOCPs into a system of algebraic equations. Thus, we first expand the state and control variables in terms of the Hartley series with undetermined coefficients. The delay terms in the problem under consideration are expanded in terms of the Hartley series. Applying the operational matrices of the Hartley series including integration, differentiation, dual, product, delay, and substituting the estimated functions into the cost function, the given TDOCP is reduced to a system of algebraic equations to be solved. The convergence of the proposed method is extensively investigated. At last, the precision and applicability of the proposed method is studied through different types of numerical examples.

Optimal control of nonlinear systems with dynamic programming

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Tawiah ◽  
Yinglei Song
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Optimal Control Problems ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Equality Constraints ◽  
Control Problems ◽  
Iterative Approach ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Cost

Abstract In this paper, a generalized technique for solving a class of nonlinear optimal control problems is proposed. The optimization problem is formulated based on the cost-to-go functional approach and the optimal solution can be obtained by Bellman’s technique. Specifically, a continuous nonlinear system is first discretized and a set of equality constraints can be obtained from the discretization. We show that, under a certain condition, the optimal solution of a problem in this class can be approximated by a solution of the set of equality constraints within any precision and the system is guaranteed to be stable under a control signal obtained from the solution. An iterative approach is then applied to numerically solve the set of equality constraints. The technique is tested on a nonlinear control problem from the class and simulation results show that the approach is not only effective but also leads to a fast convergence and accurate optimal solution.

Ergonomics in Alternative Vehicle Design: Educating Students on the Practical Application of Anthropometric Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
John Wanberg ◽  
Michael Caston ◽  
Derek Berthold
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Vehicle Interior ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Control Interface ◽  
And Control

An instructor taught students to use industry-standard anthropometric data sets by applying them to a long-term, alternative vehicle design project within industrial design courses. Students learned how to verify existing anthropometric data through physical testing using three-dimensional mock-ups to produce a robust, anthropometrically appropriate model that balances multiple design constraints. As a practical exercise, students examined aesthetics and control interface of the vehicle interior focusing on human interaction, optimum comfort, and control within the confined constraints of the aerodynamically optimized vehicle packaging. Ultimately, students gained insights into how to apply ergonomics to new, varied design challenges through these educational tasks.

scholarly journals Optimization problem in mathematical modeling of technological processes of economic activity on rice irrigation systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 05014
Author(s):  
Tatiana Safronova ◽  
Stanislav Vladimirov ◽  
Igor Prikhodko ◽  
Alexander Sergeyev
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Rice Irrigation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

The program for maintaining food security is, first of all, a set of measures consisting of systemic, mathematically based models, taking into account the largest number of factors, signs, indicators and criteria that affect the stability of production. Stability of agricultural production directly depends not only on the degree of use of advanced technologies by the region and the economy (optimal crop rotations together with ecological adaptive technology for processing crop rotation fields, selection achievements, the use of modern mineral and organic fertilizers, the use of advanced herbicides, pesticides and others agrochemicals), technical equipment with modern domestic and/or foreign agricultural machinery, but also on the degree of optimization of using available resources on farms. The article uses a probabilistic model of the process of reducing the cost of planned reclamation measures. Within the framework of the proposed model, the optimization problem of finding the cost of activities that ensure the maximum profit for the farm has been solved. A numerical iterative algorithm for solving it has been performed. The solved problem will allow the development of calculation scenarios and control of the rice irrigation system based on mathematical modeling using modern computing facilities.

Suppressed, but Not Forgotten

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beat Meier ◽  
Anja König ◽  
Samuel Parak ◽  
Katharina Henke
Keyword(s):  
Memory Trace ◽  
Thought Suppression ◽  
Test Phase ◽  
Indirect Test ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Test Experiment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cue Words ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of thought suppression over a 1-week interval. In two experiments with 80 university students each, we used the think/no-think paradigm in which participants initially learn a list of word pairs (cue-target associations). Then they were presented with some of the cue words again and should either respond with the target word or avoid thinking about it. In the final test phase, their memory for the initially learned cue-target pairs was tested. In Experiment 1, type of memory test was manipulated (i.e., direct vs. indirect). In Experiment 2, type of no-think instructions was manipulated (i.e., suppress vs. substitute). Overall, our results showed poorer memory for no-think and control items compared to think items across all experiments and conditions. Critically, however, more no-think than control items were remembered after the 1-week interval in the direct, but not in the indirect test (Experiment 1) and with thought suppression, but not thought substitution instructions (Experiment 2). We suggest that during thought suppression a brief reactivation of the learned association may lead to reconsolidation of the memory trace and hence to better retrieval of suppressed than control items in the long term.

Primary varicose veins

Phlebologie ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
H. Partsch
Keyword(s):  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Compression Therapy ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Primary Varicose Veins ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Convincing Data ◽  
Long Term Studies

SummaryBackground: Compression stockings are widely used in patients with varicose veins. Methods: Based on published literature three main points are discussed: 1. the rationale of compression therapy in primary varicose veins, 2. the prescription of compression stockings in daily practice, 3. studies required in the future. Results: The main objective of prescribing compression stockings for patients with varicose veins is to improve subjective leg complaints and to prevent swelling after sitting and standing. No convincing data are available concerning prevention of progression or of complications. In daily practice varicose veins are the most common indication to prescribe compression stockings. The compliance depends on the severity of the disorder and is rather poor in less severe stages. Long-term studies are needed to proof the cost-effectiveness of compression stockings concerning subjective symptoms and objective signs of varicose veins adjusted to their clinical severity. Conclusion: Compression stockings in primary varicose veins are able to improve leg complaints and to prevent swelling.

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