Dynamics of Upright Posture on an Active Balance Board With Tunable Time-Delay and Stiffness

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise R. Cruise ◽  
James R. Chagdes ◽  
Arvind Raman
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
Standing Posture ◽  
Balance System ◽  
Delay Increase ◽  
Postural System ◽  
Feedback Time ◽  
Balance Board

Neurological disorders, a concussion, or aging can extend the time-delay in the human neuromuscular balance system; this time-delay increase has been shown [5] to be an important factor contributing to the loss of balance. However, commercial balance boards used to help improve individual’s balance deficiencies do not utilize time-delay as a tunable parameter. In order to systematically study stiffness and time-delay induced instabilities in standing posture, we developed an active balance board system with controllable torsional board stiffness, as well as an added controllable feedback time-delay of the torsional board. Using this dynamical system we confirmed the presence of two distinct mechanisms of instability: insufficient stiffness leading to tipping posture and excessive time-delays leading to limit cycle oscillations. We expect that this active balance board will allow for the early identification of an increased fall-risk, especially for subjects with extended time-delays and could help provide insights into how the human postural system adapts to various environments.

Dynamic Instabilities Induced Through Altered Visual Cues and Their Relationship to Postural Response Latencies

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Chagdes ◽  
Joshua J. Liddy ◽  
Jessica E. Huber ◽  
Howard N. Zelaznik ◽  
Shirley Rietdyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Feedback Gain ◽  
Standing Posture ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Parkinsons Disease ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Neuromuscular Impairment

Mathematical models predict limit cycle oscillations (LCOs) in postural sway when the combination of neuromuscular time-delay and feedback gains are excessively large. LCOs have been observed in the standing posture of various populations known to have longer time-delays including concussed young adults and adults with neuromuscular impairment such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and Parkinsons disease (PD) but not healthy controls. However, the relationship between feedback gain and time-delay that leads to these LCOs has yet to be explored experimentally. In this study, we examine the relationship between the time-delay of healthy adults and the onset of LCOs under altered visual feedback. We find that there is an inversely proportional correlation between feedback gain and intrinsic neuromuscular time-delay for which LCOs arise. This finding has implications for the assessment and diagnosis of neuromuscular related balance issues through a simple and invasive protocol similar to that used in this study.

scholarly journals Delay-Dependent Robust Stabilization for Nonlinear Large Systems via Decentralized Fuzzy Control

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-xia Dou ◽  
Zhi-sheng Duan ◽  
Xing-bei Jia ◽  
Xiao-gang Li ◽  
Jin-zhao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Fuzzy Control ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Large System ◽  
Disturbance Attenuation ◽  
Robust Controller ◽  
Large Systems ◽  
Delay Dependent

A delay-dependent robust fuzzy control approach is developed for a class of nonlinear uncertain interconnected time delay large systems in this paper. First, an equivalent T–S fuzzy model is extended in order to accurately represent nonlinear dynamics of the large system. Then, a decentralized state feedback robust controller is proposed to guarantee system stabilization with a prescribedH∞disturbance attenuation level. Furthermore, taking into account the time delays in large system, based on a less conservative delay-dependent Lyapunov function approach combining with linear matrix inequalities (LMI) technique, some sufficient conditions for the existence ofH∞robust controller are presented in terms of LMI dependent on the upper bound of time delays. The upper bound of time-delay and minimizedH∞performance index can be obtained by using convex optimization such that the system can be stabilized and for all time delays whose sizes are not larger than the bound. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed controller is demonstrated through simulation example.

scholarly journals Methods for broadband signals mutual time delays estimating enhancement

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 03012
Author(s):  
Ilya Grin ◽  
Oleg Morozov
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Computational Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Source ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
Time Delay Estimation ◽  
Ambiguity Function ◽  
Delay Estimation ◽  
Reliability Criterion ◽  
Optimal Processing ◽  
Narrowband Channels

This paper considers methods for estimating the mutual time delay of broadband signals recorded by satellites based multi-position systems for determining the location of a radiation source. All methods considered are based on modified algorithms for calculating the ambiguity function. The presented algorithms are based on the extraction of narrowband channels from the studied signals and their further optimal processing. The reliability criterion for mutual time delay estimation by the presented methods was evaluated. Based on the results and analysis of computational efficiency, viability of methods considered and their modifications was determined.

Time-Intensity Trade for Speech: A Temporal Speech-Stenger Effect

1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J.M. Raffin ◽  
David J. Lilly ◽  
Aaron R. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
Multiple Images ◽  
Potential Clinical Application ◽  
Interaural Time Delay ◽  
Lateralization Effect

Time-intensity trade for selected spondaically stressed words was investigated using a centering method for interaural time delays of 0.00, 1.00, 2.00, 2.25, 2.50, and 2.75 msec at five levels of presentation: 0-, 25-, 40-, 55-, and 70-dB HL (ANSI, 1969). Lateralization effects increased with level of presentation, with a maximum lateralization effect of between 22 and 30 dB occuring with an interaural time delay of 2.25 msec. Multiple images were perceived by all subjects with an interaural time delay of 2.75 msec and by some subjects with an interaural time delay of 2.50 msec at high levels of presentation. No “ear effect” was observed for any of the listeners. A potential clinical application is discussed for this temporal speech-Stenger effect.

scholarly journals Finite time boundedness of neutral high-order Hopfield neural networks with time delay in the leakage term and mixed time delays

2017 ◽  
Vol 260 ◽  
pp. 378-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaouki Aouiti ◽  
Patrick Coirault ◽  
Foued Miaadi ◽  
Emmanuel Moulay
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Finite Time ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
High Order ◽  
Hopfield Neural Networks ◽  
Leakage Term ◽  
Mixed Time Delays ◽  
Finite Time Boundedness

scholarly journals Ambiguities in gravitational lens models: impact on time delays of the source position transformation

2018 ◽  
Vol 617 ◽  
pp. A140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Wertz ◽  
Bastian Orthen ◽  
Peter Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
Hubble Constant ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Gravitational Lens ◽  
Source Position ◽  
Double Image ◽  
Validity Criterion ◽  
Mass Profile ◽  
Image Pairs

The central ambition of the modern time delay cosmography consists in determining the Hubble constant H0 with a competitive precision. However, the tension with H0 obtained from the Planck satellite for a spatially flat ΛCDM cosmology suggests that systematic errors may have been underestimated. The most critical of these errors probably comes from the degeneracy existing between lens models that was first formalized by the well-known mass-sheet transformation (MST). In this paper, we assess to what extent the source position transformation (SPT), a more general invariance transformation which contains the MST as a special case, may affect the time delays predicted by a model. To this aim, we have used pySPT, a new open-source python package fully dedicated to the SPT that we present in a companion paper. For axisymmetric lenses, we find that the time delay ratios between a model and its SPT-modified counterpart simply scale like the corresponding source position ratios, Δtˆ/Δt ≈ βˆ/β, regardless of the mass profile and the isotropic SPT. Similar behavior (almost) holds for nonaxisymmetric lenses in the double image regime and for opposite image pairs in the quadruple image regime. In the latter regime, we also confirm that the time delay ratios are not conserved. In addition to the MST effects, the SPT-modified time delays deviate in general no more than a few percent for particular image pairs, suggesting that its impact on time delay cosmography seems not be as crucial as initially suspected. We also reflected upon the relevance of the SPT validity criterion and present arguments suggesting that it should be reconsidered. Even though a new validity criterion would affect the time delays in a different way, we expect from numerical simulations that our conclusions will remain unchanged.

Comparison of the Reliability and Validity of Fall Risk Assessment Tools in Patients with Acute Neurological Disorders

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Reul Kim ◽  
Sung-Hee Yoo ◽  
Young Sun Shin ◽  
Ji Yoon Jeon ◽  
Jun Yoo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Fall Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Assessment Tools

Digital Controller Design for Analog Systems Represented by Multiple Input–Output Time-Delay Transfer Function Matrices with Long Time Delays

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1653-1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsun-Pang Wang ◽  
Xiaohui Gu ◽  
Linbo Xie ◽  
Leang-San Shieh ◽  
Jason S. H. Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
Digital Controller ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Output Time ◽  
Analog Systems

Super-Resolution Time-Delays Estimation in HF Channel Sounding Based on Chirp Sequence

2011 ◽  
Vol 204-210 ◽  
pp. 2133-2139
Author(s):  
Long Fei Fu ◽  
Gang Xin ◽  
Shui Lian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Estimation Problem ◽  
Delay Model ◽  
Music Algorithm ◽  
Problem Of Time ◽  
Hf Channel

According to the characteristics of HF channel and chirp signal, an innovative multipath time-delay model of wide-band HF channel was proposed, by which the estimation problem of time-delay was converted into an estimation problem of spectrum.Then the MUSIC algorithm with super-resolution ability was applied to the problem above. The feasibility of estimating multipath time-delays based on single measurement data was deeply discussed. Meanwhile, the performance of applying MUSIC and root MUSIC algorithm to the model proposed in the paper was presented. The simulation results suggested that the method proposed in the paper owned super-resolution ability and robust in estimation of multipath time-delay.

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