The Spark Spread as a Measure of Economic Viability for a Combined Heating and Power Application With Ideal Loading Conditions

Author(s):  
Rhett D. Graves ◽  
B. K. Hodge ◽  
Louay M. Chamra

“Spark spread” refers to the difference between the cost of electricity and the cost of fuel on a per-MMBTU basis. This metric is often considered when recommending equipment retrofits that require fuel switching. A spark spread of at least $12 per MMBTU is considered the threshold for economic viability of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems. However, this study shows that an increase in the electric utility rate has an impact on the spark spread required to maintain the economic viability of a CHP project. This challenges the paradigm that a single value for spark spread can be used as a “rule of thumb” for determining the economic viability of CHP projects. As utility rates increase, so does the importance of understanding the relationship between spark spread and the economic viability of projects.

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
Hasan Ahmad Alshafea ◽  
Abdelrahman Ahmad Saear ◽  
Abdelrahman Mohamad Megahed

The study aimed to identify the relationship between talent management and enhancing the competitive advantage of some sports federations in the Egyptian and Bahraini societies, in addition to the difference in this according to the variables of both experience and level of employment. To achieve this, the researchers used both Talent Management and Competitive Advantage quetionair as a tool to collect data and information from a sampling sample of (50) and a core sample of (247) board members and employees of Egyptian and Bahraini sports federations. The results of the study showed that there is no relationship between the methods of managing human talent between the Egyptian and Bahrain sports federations. There is a positive relationship in the quality of talent in the Bahraini unions and creativity in the Egyptian and Bahraini federations. The results also indicate that there is no difference between the Bahraini and Egyptian federations in the management of sports talents and the promotion of competitive advantage due to the variables of experience and level of employment. Researchers have recommended that specific criteria be used to attract sports talent and retain competencies to reduce the cost of spending on sports talent.


Babel ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-221
Author(s):  
Ke Wen-Li

Abstract This paper attempts to approach the relationship between culture and idiomaticity in translation. Beginning with a brief discussion on cultural as well as linguistic untranslatability, the paper divides into three parts and probes three cases in which different degrees of idiomaticity are achieved. In Part 1, the author cites an example from The Story of the Stone, an English version of the Chinese classical novel of manners Hong Lou Meng, translated by the British sinologist David Hawkes, to show that it is the most desirable when both idiomaticity and cultural transfer in translation are achieved. In Part II, the author employs Grice's conversational co-operative principle to prove that the seemingly faithful examples of translation do not conform to English language usage and therefore are not idiomatic translations. The author believes that it is possible and necessary to make some alterations in shifting the expression in order to achieve idiomaticity so long as there is no loss or distortion in meaning and cultural value. In Part III, the author points out that when what is to be translated is strongly culturally loaded, the translator would most likely risk shipwreck on one of the two rocks: either at the cost of the original cultural connotations and associations in order to translate idiomatically; or at the cost of idiomaticity in order to convey the cultural content and flavour. The author believes that in order to avoid confusion and misunderstanding, an attitude of cultural awareness in translation is preferable, even if at the expense of idiomaticity. Cultural transfer and idiomaticity in translation may perhaps be deemed to be unitary and contradictory. It is this contradiction that makes translation bristle with problems and difficulties. The translator will have to make a compromise in carefully weighing gain and loss. The paper also attempts to explain why the greatest difficulty lies in the difference of two cultures. Résumé Dans cet article, l'auteur tente d'étudier les rapports entre les aspects culturels et idiomatiques de la traduction. Dans l'introduction, il aborde brièvement le débat sur l'aspect d'intraduisibilité tant culturelle que linguistique. Ensuite, dans les trois parties de l'article, il examine trois cas présentant des niveaux idiomatiques différents. Dans la première partie, l'auteur cite un exemple emprunté à The Story of the Stone — une version anglaise du roman chinois classique Hong Lou Meng traduit par le sinologue britannique David Hawkes — pour démontrer que la traduction est optimale lorsqu'elle parvient à accomplir le transfert et des idiomes et de la culture. Dans la deuxième partie, l'auteur utilise le principe de la coopération conversationnelle de Grice pour démontrer que des traductions faisant preuve d'une apparente fidélité ne sont pas conformes au bon usage de la langue anglaise et qu'elles ne sont pas, dès lors, des traductions idiomatiques. L'auteur estime qu'il est possible, voire même nécessaire, d'opérer un certain décalage au niveau du mode d'expression en vue d'obtenir un langage idiomatique qui n'entraîne pas pour autant une perte ou une déformation de la signification et de la valeur culturelle. Dans la troisième partie, l'auteur fait remarquer que lorsque le message à traduire s'inscrit dans un contexte très culturel, le traducteur est confronté à une dilemme: soit être fidèle à l'aspect idiomatique de la langue d'arrivée mais au détriment des connotations et associations culturelles d'origine, soit rendre le contenu culturel et la saveur qui en est indissociable , mais au détriment de l'aspect idiomatique. L'auteur estime que pour éviter la confusion et les malentendus, le traducteur a intérêt à opter pour une attitude faisant preuve de sensibilité culturelle, même au détriment de l'aspect idiomatique. En matière de traduction, le transfert culturel et l'aspect idiomatique sont probablement voués à s'unir ou être contradictoires, et c'est précisément cette contradiction, avec ses problèmes et ses difficultés, qui fragilise la traduction. Le traducteur sera contraint de faire un compromis et d'équilibrer autant que possible les pertes et les profits. Dans cet article, l'auteur tente aussi d'expliquer que c'est la différence entre deux cultures qui constitue la plus grande difficulté de la traduction.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Tsalist Iluk ◽  
Ahmad Ridwan ◽  
Sigit Winarto

The project is an activity carried out to products or services that have specific scheduling. Scheduling is determined by the relationship between activities made very detailed and accurate. Therefore, the purpose of the final task is to know how to implement the Critical Path Method (CPM) and Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) in scheduling the project, which originally used the Bar Chart method with a duration of 140 days and resulted in a cost of Rp. 5.500.000.000. From the calculation result of this final task in using the CPM, the method generates a period of 105 days and provides cost after crashing in the labor increase of Rp. 5.568.464.052 and the increase in working hours (overtime) Rp. 5.603.725.490. While using the PERT method generates a period of 109 days and generates the cost after being crashing in the labor increase of Rp. 5.574.721.755 and the increase of working hours (overtime) of Rp.5.612.082.633 with a projected probability of reaching the target of 84 %. Has a comparison with the difference in cost of Rp. 6,257,703 in increased workforce and Rp. 8,357,143 other than working hours.Proyek merupakan suatu kegiatan yang dilakukan untuk menghasilkan produk / jasa yang mempunyai penjadwalan tertentu. Penjadwalan ditentukan oleh hubungan antar kegiatan yang dibuat sangat rinci dan akurat. Oleh karna itu tujuan dari artikel ilmiah ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah penerapan metode Critical Path Method (CPM) dan Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) pada penjadwalan proyek tersebut yang awalnya  menggunakan metode Bar Chart dengan durasi waktu 140 hari dan menghasilkan biaya sebesar Rp.5.500.000.000. Dari hasil perhitungan artikel ilmiah ini dalam menggunakan metode CPM menghasilkan jangka waktu 105 hari dan mengasilkan biaya setelah di crashing dalam penambahan tenaga kerja sebesar Rp. 5.568.464.052 dan penambahan jam kerja (lembur) Rp.5.603.725.490 Sedangkan menggunakan metode PERT menghasilkan jangka waktu 109 hari dan menghasilkan biaya setelah dicrashing  dalam penambahan tenaga  kerja  sebesar  Rp. 5.574.721.755  dan penambahan   jam kerja (lembur) Rp. 5.612.082.633. dengan probabilitas proyek  mencapai target 84%. Mempunyai perbandingan selisih biaya sebesar Rp. 6.257.703 dalam penambahan tenaga kerja dan Rp. 8.357.143 dalam penambahan jam kerja.


Author(s):  
Hasan Ahmad Alshafea ◽  
Abdelrahman Ahmad Saear ◽  
Abdelrahman Mohamad Megahed

The study aimed to identify the relationship between talent management and enhancing the competitive advantage of some sports federations in the Egyptian and Bahraini societies, in addition to the difference in this according to the variables of both experience and level of employment. To achieve this, the researchers used both Talent Management and Competitive Advantage quetionair as a tool to collect data and information from a sampling sample of (50) and a core sample of (247) board members and employees of Egyptian and Bahraini sports federations. The results of the study showed that there is no relationship between the methods of managing human talent between the Egyptian and Bahrain sports federations. There is a positive relationship in the quality of talent in the Bahraini unions and creativity in the Egyptian and Bahraini federations. The results also indicate that there is no difference between the Bahraini and Egyptian federations in the management of sports talents and the promotion of competitive advantage due to the variables of experience and level of employment. Researchers have recommended that specific criteria be used to attract sports talent and retain competencies to reduce the cost of spending on sports talent.


1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M. Risberg ◽  
Robyn M. Cox

A custom in-the-ear (ITE) hearing aid fitting was compared to two over-the-ear (OTE) hearing aid fittings for each of 9 subjects with mild to moderately severe hearing losses. Speech intelligibility via the three instruments was compared using the Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) test. The relationship between functional gain and coupler gain was compared for the ITE and the higher rated OTE instruments. The difference in input received at the microphone locations of the two types of hearing aids was measured for 10 different subjects and compared to the functional gain data. It was concluded that (a) for persons with mild to moderately severe hearing losses, appropriately adjusted custom ITE fittings typically yield speech intelligibility that is equal to the better OTE fitting identified in a comparative evaluation; and (b) gain prescriptions for ITE hearing aids should be adjusted to account for the high-frequency emphasis associated with in-the-concha microphone placement.


VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hanji Zhang ◽  
Dexin Yin ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Yezhou Li ◽  
Dejiang Yao ◽  
...  

Summary: Our meta-analysis focused on the relationship between homocysteine (Hcy) level and the incidence of aneurysms and looked at the relationship between smoking, hypertension and aneurysms. A systematic literature search of Pubmed, Web of Science, and Embase databases (up to March 31, 2020) resulted in the identification of 19 studies, including 2,629 aneurysm patients and 6,497 healthy participants. Combined analysis of the included studies showed that number of smoking, hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in aneurysm patients was higher than that in the control groups, and the total plasma Hcy level in aneurysm patients was also higher. These findings suggest that smoking, hypertension and HHcy may be risk factors for the development and progression of aneurysms. Although the heterogeneity of meta-analysis was significant, it was found that the heterogeneity might come from the difference between race and disease species through subgroup analysis. Large-scale randomized controlled studies of single species and single disease species are needed in the future to supplement the accuracy of the results.


2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-361
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Grau-Pérez ◽  
J. Guillermo Milán

In Uruguay, Lacanian ideas arrived in the 1960s, into a context of Kleinian hegemony. Adopting a discursive approach, this study researched the initial reception of these ideas and its effects on clinical practices. We gathered a corpus of discursive data from clinical cases and theoretical-doctrinal articles (from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s). In order to examine the effects of Lacanian ideas, we analysed the difference in the way of interpreting the clinical material before and after Lacan's reception. The results of this research illuminate some epistemological problems of psychoanalysis, especially the relationship between theory and clinical practice.


2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 165-184
Author(s):  
Timothy Beal

This essay attends to a distinction that requires closer examination and theorization in our discourse on iconic books and other scriptures: the difference between iconic object and cultural icon. How do we conceive of relations between the particular, ritualized iconicities of particular scriptures in particular religious contexts and the cultural iconicities of scriptures in general, such as “the Bible” or “the Quran,” whose visual and material objectivity is highly ambiguous? How if at all are the iconic cultural meanings of the ideas of such books related to the particular iconic textual objects more or less instantiate them? These questions are explored through particular focus on the relationship between the particular iconicities of particular print Bibles, as iconic objects, and the general iconicity of the cultural icon of the Bible.


2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Roshanira Che Mohd Noor ◽  
Nur Atiqah Rochin Demong

Providing a safe and healthy workplace is one of the most effective strategies in for holding down the cost of doing construction business. It was a part of the overall management system to facilitate themanagement of the occupational health and safety risk that are associated with the business of the organization. Factors affected the awareness level inclusive of safety and health conditions, dangerous working area, long wait care and services and lack of emergency communication werethe contributed factors to the awareness level for the operational level. Total of 122 incidents happened at Telekom Malaysia Berhad as compared to year 2015 only 86 cases. Thus, the main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between safety and health factors and the awareness level among operational workers.The determination of this research was to increase the awareness level among the operational level workerswho committing to safety and health environment.


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Noorlela Binti Noordin ◽  
Abdul Razaq Ahmad ◽  
Anuar Ahmad

This study was aimed to evaluate the Malay proficiency among students in Form Two especially non-Malay students and its relationship to academic achievement History. To achieve the purpose of the study there are two objectives, the first is to look at the difference between mean of Malay Language test influences min of academic achievement of History subject among non-Malay students in Form Two and the second is the relationship between the level of Malay proficiency and their academic achievement for History. This study used quantitative methods, which involved 100 people of Form Two non-Malay students in one of the schools in Klang, Selangor. This study used quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical inference with IBM SPSS Statistics v22 software. This study found that there was a relationship between the proficiency of Malay language among non-Malay students with achievements in the subject of History. The implications of this study are discussed in this article.


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