Evaporative Emissions From Automotive Gasoline Fuel Tank Refueling: Experimental Activity and Numerical Simulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Romagnuolo ◽  
Emma Frosina ◽  
Assunta Andreozzi ◽  
Adolfo Senatore ◽  
Francesco Fortunato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Gasoline ◽  
Fuel Tank ◽  
Fuel Vapor ◽  
Vapor Flow ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
System A ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Vapor Emissions

Abstract Vehicle evaporative emission is one of the most important sources of pollution from a gasoline-fueled vehicle. Since international regulations on Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) emission are becoming increasingly stringent every year, the study of the VOC generation has become of fundamental importance. It is known that VOC generation is particularly high during the refueling phase: fresh fuel coming from the refueling nozzle impacts on the filling pipe wall and it is a source for sloshing in the fuel tank. Fuel vapor generated can be collected by a vapor recovery nozzle and stored in the gas station tank (Stage II vapor recovery system, European normative) or trapped by the vehicle carbon canister (On-board Refueling Vapor Recovery system, U.S. normative). In this activity, an automotive gasoline fuel tank for U.S. applications has been used for both experimental and numerical analyses, provided by FCA. Experiments were performed in FCA laboratories, in a sealed and thermal controlled environment (mini-SHED): vapor flow exiting the fuel tank during refueling has been measured, and fuel vapor mass has been evaluated by dynamically measuring the weight variation of a carbon canister filter connected to the fuel tank vent system. A CFD model was built based on CAD geometries provided by FCA, and numerical analysis of the refueling process has then been executed by using a commercial 3D CFD software. Results were then compared with experimental data. This activity is a part of a collaboration between University of Naples Federico II and FCA Italy about fuel vapor emissions control and prediction.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Evaporative Emission and Feasibility of an Onboard Refueling Vapor Recovery System for Scooters

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Hsun Wu ◽  
Cheng-Ta Chung ◽  
Wei-Chen Lin ◽  
You-Ya Lin
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Fuel Tank ◽  
Fuel Vapor ◽  
Gas Stations ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Vent Valve ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Emission Control System

This paper aims at the development of a novel onboard refueling vapor recovery (ORVR) system for scooters. The corresponding feasibility and evaporative emission are evaluated so that this preliminary study may offer important contributions for developing an effective ORVR system in Taiwan. A survey of research is initially conducted to compare the evaporative emission of the ORVR systems mounted on vehicles with that of the vapor recovery systems of Stage II installed at gas stations. The results show that the ORVR technology possesses better controllability and lower cost. Then, a novel ORVR system for scooters consisting of a self-made fuel tank, a self-made carbon canister, a vapor pipe, a fuel limit vent valve, and a surge protector etc. is developed and tested. The proposed self-made carbon canister possesses the storage capacity of fuel vapor large enough to perform the adsorption tests of diurnal and hot soak for as long as three consecutive days. Finally, the designed ORVR system is installed on a scooter and tested for evaporative emission under the regulation of Taiwan so as to check if it fulfills the requirements. The results are further compared with those with the evaporative emission control system (EVAP). A significant improvement on the leaking problem of fuel vapor is gained by using the proposed ORVR system. Consequently, the study can offer a valuable reference for developing an economical and effective ORVR system in the future.

Analysis of the vaporization processes in the vehicle fuel tank. New equation for determining the vapor amount

Trudy NAMI ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 74-86
Author(s):  
G. G. Ter-Mkrtich'yan
Keyword(s):  
Saturated Vapor ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Fuel Tank ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Fuel Vapor ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emissions ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Vapor Generation ◽  
Initial Fuel

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Hydrocarbon emissions from vaporizationtank fuel contribute significantly to the total emissions of hazardous substances from vehicles equipped with spark ignition engines. To meet the established standards for limiting hydrocarbon emissions caused by evaporation, all modern vehicles use fuel vapor recovery systems, the optimal parameters of which require the availability and application of mathematical models and methods for their determination.The purpose of the research was to develop a model of vapor generation processes in the car fuel tank and a methodology for determining the main quantitative parameters of the vapor-air mixture.Methodology and research methods. The analysis of the processes of vapor generation in the fuel tank was carried out. It was shown that the mass of hydrocarbons generated in the steam space was directly proportional to its volume and did not depend on the amount of fuel in the tank.Scientific novelty and results. New analytical dependences of the vaporization amount on the saturated vapor pressure, barometric pressure, initial fuel temperature and fuel heating during parking have been obtained.Practical significance. A formula was obtained to estimate the temperature of gasoline boiling starting in the tank, depending on the altitude above sea level and the volatility of gasoline, determined by the pressure of saturated vapors. Using the new equations, the vaporization analysis in real situations (parking, idling, refueling, explosive concentration of vapors) was carried out.

Numerical Analysis of Flare Gas Recovery Ejector

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arihant Sonawat ◽  
Abdus Samad ◽  
Afshin Goharzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Recovery ◽  
System A ◽  
Primary Fluid ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Flow Through

Flaring and venting contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and environmental pollution in the upstream oil and gas industry. Present work focuses on a horizontal flow, multiphase ejector used for recovery of these flared gases. The ejector typically handles these gases being entrained by high pressure well head fluid and a comprehensive understanding is necessary to design and operate such recovery system. A CFD based analysis of the flow through the ejector has been reported in this paper. The flow domain was meshed and the mass and momentum equations for fluid flow were solved using commercial software CFX (v14.5). Euler-Euler multiphase approach was used to model different phases. The entrainment behavior of the ejector was investigated and compared for different fluid flow conditions. It was observed that for a fixed primary fluid flow rate, the entrained or secondary flow rate decreased linearly with an increase in pressure difference between exit and suction pressure. The higher was primary flow rate, the greater was the suction created ahead of the primary nozzle and greater was the amount of energy added to the entrained fluid.

Development of a fuel vapor flow meter

JSAE Review ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Haga
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Vapor ◽  
Vapor Flow ◽  
Flow Meter

scholarly journals Energy Evaluation of Deep-Lane Autonomous Vehicle Storage and Retrieval System

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 3817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Guerrazzi ◽  
Valeria Mininno ◽  
Davide Aloini ◽  
Riccardo Dulmin ◽  
Claudio Scarpelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Retrieval System ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
Energy Evaluation ◽  
System A ◽  
Retrieval Systems ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Automated Warehouses

With the rise of a consciousness in warehousing sustainability, an increasing number of autonomous vehicle storage and retrieval systems (AVS/RS) is diffusing among automated warehouses. Moreover, manufacturers are offering the option of equipping machines with energy recovery systems. This study analyzed a deep-lane AVS/RS provided with an energy recovery system in order to make an energy evaluation for such a system. A simulator able to emulate the operation of the warehouse has been developed, including a travel-time and an energy model to consider the real operating characteristics of lifts, shuttles and satellites. Referring to a single command cycle with a basic storing and picking algorithm for multiple-depth channels, energy balance and recovery measurements have been presented and compared to those of a traditional crane-based system. Results show significant savings in energy consumption with the use of a deep-lane AVS/RS.

The Oxygen Concentration Measurement of an Aircraft Fuel Tank Inerting System

2014 ◽  
Vol 568-570 ◽  
pp. 137-140
Author(s):  
Yan Cai ◽  
Gui Ping Lin
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Suitable Condition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuel Tank ◽  
Concentration Measurement ◽  
Fuel Vapor ◽  
Aircraft Fuel ◽  
Optical Fluorescence

There are several oxygen concentration measurement methods applied in aircraft fuel tank inerting systems. In this work, an aircraft fuel tank inerting experiment system was built and oxygen concentration of the fuel tank ullage (fuel tank space above the surface of the fuel which is filled with fuel vapor and air) and the dissolved oxygen in the fuel was detected with the methods of light absorption and optical fluorescence. The experiment was conducted through different operating conditions and results has illustrated that the light absorption method as well as the optical fluorescence method has the same accuracy sensing calibration gases, but the suitable condition of the two methods are different. Results have shown that the method of light absorption is more suitable to test oxygen concentration of gas mixture, and the method of optical fluorescence is more suitable to detect the concentration of dissolved oxygen in liquid substance.

scholarly journals Application of the Swimming Pool Backwash Water Recovery System with the Use of Filter Tubes

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6620
Author(s):  
Waldemar Studziński ◽  
Wojciech Poćwiardowski ◽  
Weronika Osińska
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
System A ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Pool System ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Ozone Disinfection

During the operation of swimming pools, large losses of water from the backwash of swimming pool filters are observed. This water is often discharged into sewers or used to sprinkle sports grounds. The aim of the research was to design and build an installation for purification and recovery of backwash water (BWW). It consists of flocculation, pre-filtration, and ultrafiltration based on filter tubes and ozone disinfection. Backwash water treatment installation contributes to purification and improvement of water quality. The effectiveness of the removal of microbial contamination with the use of the system was over 99%. The high efficiency of removing physicochemical impurities was also achieved. Water turbidity was reduced from 96.9 NTU to 0.13 NTU. After using the system, the oxidability of water decreased from 6.26 mg O2∙dm−3 to 0.4 mg O2∙dm−3. When using the system, a reduction of total organic carbon by 80% was also noticed. After the treatment process, water meets the strict criteria and can be returned to the pool system of water as fresh water with parameters of supply water—directly to the overflow tank. It has been shown that up to 96% of water can be recovered with the technology. The cost comparison showed annual savings of over EUR 9,000.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document