Advanced H2/Air Cycles Based on Coal Gasification

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gambini ◽  
G. L. Guizzi ◽  
M. Vellini
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
Energy Economy ◽  
Overall Performance

In this paper the overall performance of a new advanced mixed cycle (AMC), fed by hydrogen-rich fuel gas, has been evaluated. Obviously, hydrogen must be produced and here we have chosen the coal gasification for its production, quantifying all the thermal and electric requirements. At first, the thermodynamic performance of this cycle has been investigated in comparison with that attainable by combined cycle power plants (CC). Then, the power plants have been integrated with the fuel production system. Including all the material and energy flows, the overall performance has been evaluated. The main result of the performed investigation is that the two power plants attain the same efficiency level with and without H2 production requirements (over 60% and over 34% without and with hydrogen production respectively). The final carbon dioxide emissions are about 0.123 kg/kWh both for AMC and CC. It is important to underline that the “clean” use of coal in new power plant types must be properly investigated because it is the most abundant and the cheapest fossil fuel available on earth; moreover, hydrogen production, by using coal, is an interesting prospect because hydrogen has the potential to become the main energy carrier in a future sustainable energy economy.

Overall Performance of Advanced H2/Air Cycle Power Plants Based on Coal Decarbonisation

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gambini ◽  
M. Vellini
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Production Section ◽  
Pinch Technology ◽  
Energy Economy ◽  
Overall Performance

In this paper the overall performance of a new advanced mixed cycle (AMC), fed by hydrogen-rich fuel gas, has been evaluated. Obviously, hydrogen must be produced and here we have chosen the coal gasification for its production, quantifying all the thermal and electric requirements. At first, a simple combination between hydrogen production section and power section is performed. In fact, the heat loads of the first section can be satisfied by using the various raw syngas cooling, without using some material streams taken from the power section, but also without using part of heat, available in the production section and rejected into the environment, in the power section. The final result is very poor: over 34%. Then, by using the Pinch Technology, a more efficient, even if more complex, solution can be conceived: in this case the overall efficiency is very interesting: 39%. These results are very similar to those of a combined cycle power plant, equipped with the same systems and analyzed under the same hypotheses. The final result is very important because the “clean” use of coal in new power plant types must be properly investigated: in fact coal is the most abundant and the cheapest fossil fuel available on earth; moreover, hydrogen production, by using coal, is an interesting outlook because hydrogen has the potential to become the main energy carrier in a future sustainable energy economy.

Advanced Mixed Cycles Based on Steam-Methane Reforming and Air Blown Combustion

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gambini ◽  
M. Vellini
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Methane Reforming ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Steam Methane Reforming ◽  
Steam Methane ◽  
Overall Performance

In this paper the overall performance of a new advanced mixed cycle (AMC), fed by hydrogen-rich fuel gas, has been evaluated. Obviously, hydrogen must be produced and here we have chosen the steam-methane reforming for its production, quantifying all the thermal and electric requirements. At first, the thermodynamic performance of this cycle has been investigated in comparison with that attainable by combined cycle power plants (CC). Then, the power plants have been integrated with the fuel production system. Including all the material and energetic flows, the overall performance has been evaluated. The main result of the performed investigation is that, while the two power plants attain the same efficiency level without H2 production requirements (about 56% for AMC and 55.8% for CC), the AMC power plant achieves a net electric efficiency of about 48% when integrated with H2 production plant: it is about 3 points higher than the efficiency evaluated for the CC equipped with the same H2 production plant (about 45%). The final carbon dioxide emissions are about 0.0742 and 0.079 kg/kWh for AMC and CC respectively.

Comparative Analysis of Advanced H2/Air Cycle Power Plants Based on Different Hydrogen Production Systems From Fossil Fuels

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gambini ◽  
M. Vellini
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Methane Reforming ◽  
Steam Methane Reforming ◽  
Steam Methane

In this paper two options for H2 production by means of fossil fuels are presented, evaluating their performance when integrated with advanced H2/air cycles. The investigation has been developed with reference to two different schemes, representative both of consolidated technology (combined cycle power plants) and of innovative technology (a new advance mixed cycle, named AMC). The two methods, here considered, to produce H2 are: • coal gasification: it permits transformation of a solid fuel into a gaseous one, by means of partial combustion reactions; • steam-methane reforming: it is the simplest and potentially the most economic method for producing hydrogen in the foreseeable future. These hydrogen production plants require material and energy integrations with the power section, and the best connections must be investigated in order to obtain good overall performance. The main results of the performed investigation are quite variable among the different H2 production options here considered: for example the efficiency value is over 34% for power plants coupled with coal decarbonization system, while it is in a range of 45–48% for power plants coupled with natural gas decarbonization. These differences are similar to those attainable by advanced combined cycle power plants fuelled by natural gas (traditional CC) and coal (IGCC). In other words, the decarbonization of different fossil fuels involves the same efficiency penalty related to the use of different fossil fuel in advanced cycle power plants (from CC to IGCC for example). The CO2 specific emissions depend on the fossil fuel type and the overall efficiency: adopting a removal efficiency of 90% in the CO2 absorption systems, the CO2 emission reduction is 87% and 82% in the coal gasification and in the steam-methane reforming respectively.

Comparative Analysis of Hydrogen Combustion Power Plants Integrated With Coal Gasification and CO2 Removal

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Vascellari ◽  
Daniele Cocco ◽  
Giorgio Cau
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Integrated Gasification ◽  
High Temperature Steam

Two power generation systems with pre-combustion CO2 capture fuelled with hydrogen from coal gasification are analyzed and compared from a thermodynamic and economic standpoint. The first solution, referred as Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle with CO2 Removal (IGCC-CR), is fuelled with hydrogen produced by the integrated gasification section. The second, referred as Integrated Gasification Hydrogen Cycle (IGHC), is based on the oxycombustion of hydrogen, producing steam that expands through an advanced high temperature steam turbine. The two H2 production sections are similar for both power plants, some minor modifications having been made to achieve better integration with the corresponding power sections. System performance is investigated using coherent assumptions to enable comparative analysis on the same basis. The plants have overall efficiencies of around 39.8% for IGCC-CR and 40.6% for IGHC, slightly lower than conventional IGCCs (without CO2 capture) with a CO2 removal efficiencies of 91% and 100% respectively. Lastly a preliminary economic analysis shows an increase in the cost of electricity compared to conventional IGCCs of about 44% for IGCC-CR and 50% IGHC.

The Development of Integrated Coal-Gasification Power Plants With Clean Combustion in Germany

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Finckh ◽  
R. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Electrical Energy Production

As advances are made in flue-gas clean-up systems, such as electrostatic precipitators, wet and dry desulfurization techniques and deNOX catalysers, the environmental impact of conventional steam turbine power plants fired with pulverized coal can be reduced at great expense in the form of additional capital investment and lowered station efficiency. The clean fuel gas obtainable from various coal-gasification processes, however, can be used to generate electricity with excellent efficiency and low-pollution emissions in low-cost unfired combined-cycle power plants of modular design. These are termed GUD power plants from the German designation “Gas und Dampf” meaning gas and steam. The overall efficiency is appreciably enhanced by closely integrating the gas-production process with the power generating cycle. Such an integrated coal-gasification combined-cycle installation should thus allow China to exploit its vast coal reserves for electrical energy production in both the most economical and environmentally acceptable way.

Is Nuclear Power Also the Key to Economically Clean Coal Gasification?

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay F. Kunze ◽  
Gary M. Sandquist ◽  
David Martinez Pardo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Pure Oxygen

Reducing the amount of carbon dioxide emitted to the atmosphere is a major goal and an imperative need for most of the world’s nations, even for those nations such as the USA who are not Kyoto Treaty signatories. A response by the current USA administration is to develop a national transportation economy for automobiles based upon efficient, environmentally sound fuel cells. However, hydrogen is a secondary fuel requiring a primary energy source for production. Nuclear power (or renewables such as hydroelectric, wind or solar) must be the source of the primary energy required to produce hydrogen from water, if the overall energy system is to be free of carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere. The dissociation of water leaves oxygen as a major byproduct. Currently, there are no existing commercial markets for the large quantities of oxygen that would result from a US transportation economy based upon hydrogen fuel cells. However, Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power plants operating on pure oxygen for both gasification and combustion produce no greenhouse gas releases. This highly desirable feature results from the combustion output being only water and carbon dioxide. Pure CO2 can be relatively easily captured and delivered to a sequestration site. Also, hazardous trace metal compounds (e.g., Hg, As, Pb, Sn, Sb, Se, U, Th, etc.) that would ordinarily be emitted to the atmosphere could be captured as solids, for environmentally acceptable disposal.

Coal Gasification/Repowering: A Means of Increasing Plant Capacity While Reducing Oil Consumption

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Lehman ◽  
A. J. Giramonti ◽  
R. H. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Heat Recovery Boiler ◽  
Steam Boiler ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Coal Gasifier

An exploratory study was carried out by the United Technologies Research Center and Northeast Utilities Service Company to identify the performance characteristics of power plants based upon the repowering of several existing steam plants. In steam station repowering, an advanced, high temperature gas turbine fired by coal-derived, low-Btu fuel gas would generate power and exhaust to a new waste-heat recovery boiler that replaces the old oil-fired steam boiler. Steam from the new boiler drives the existing steam turbine. Computer models were assembled to simulate the integration of molten salt and Texaco coal gasification systems with combustion turbomachinery representative of the 1990 time frame. The results of this study indicated that either coal gasifier in a combined-cycle repowering application appears attractive as a means of replacing oil-fired systems with coal.

scholarly journals Ruhrchemie/Ruhrkohle’s Technical Version of the Texaco Coal Gasifier as Part of a Combined Cycle Plant

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Cornils ◽  
J. Hibbel ◽  
P. Ruprecht ◽  
R. Dürrfeld ◽  
J. Langhoff
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Load Following ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Steady State Operation ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant

The Ruhrchemie/Ruhrkohle variant of the Texaco Coal Gasification Process (TCGP) has been on stream since 1978. As the first demonstration plant of the “second generation” it has confirmed the advantages of the simultaneous gasification of coal: at higher temperatures; under elevated pressures; using finely divided coal; feeding the coal as a slurry in water. The operating time so far totals 9000 hrs. More than 50,000 tons of coal have been converted to syn gas with a typical composition of 55 percent CO, 33 percent H2, 11 percent CO2 and 0.01 percent of methane. The advantages of the process — low environmental impact, additional high pressure steam production, gas generation at high pressure levels, steady state operation, relatively low investment costs, rapid and reliable turn-down and load-following characteristics — make such entrained-bed coal gasification processes highly suitable for power generation, especially as the first step of combined cycle power plants.

300 MW Combined-Cycle Plant With Integrated Coal Gasification

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf H. Kehlhofer
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
The Individual

In the past 15 years the combined-cycle (gas/steam turbine) power plant has come into its own in the power generation market. Today, approximately 30 000 MW of power are already installed or being built as combined-cycle units. Combined-cycle plants are therefore a proven technology, showing not only impressive thermal efficiency ratings of up to 50 percent in theory, but also proving them in practice and everyday operation (1) (2). Combined-cycle installations can be used for many purposes. They range from power plants for power generation only, to cogeneration plants for district heating or combined cycles with maximum additional firing (3). The main obstacle to further expansion of the combined cycle principle is its lack of fuel flexibility. To this day, gas turbines are still limited to gaseous or liquid fuels. This paper shows a viable way to add a cheap solid fuel, coal, to the list. The plant system in question is a 2 × 150 MW combined-cycle plant of BBC Brown Boveri with integrated coal gasification plant of British Gas/Lurgi. The main point of interest is that all the individual components of the power plant described in this paper have proven their worth commercially. It is therefore not a pilot plant but a viable commercial proposition.

Solid Oxide Fuel Cell System Development for Stationary Power Applications

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Ghezel-Ayagh ◽  
Stephen Jolly ◽  
Keith E. Davis ◽  
James Walzak ◽  
Dilip Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Pulverized Coal ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Integrated Gasification ◽  
Electrical Generation

Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell (IGFC) power plants incorporating solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are attractive alternatives to traditional pulverized coal-fired and Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power plants. IGFC systems are projected to achieve electrical generation efficiencies greater than 50% based on high heating value of coal, while separating at least 90% of the carbon dioxide emissions for capture and environmentally secure storage. A comprehensive IGFC system design and optimization study is presented based on recent SOFC performance testing and technology advancements. Details of the system power island cost break-down are also presented, indicating the cost-competitiveness of IGFC systems relative to other coal-fueled power generation technologies. Comparisons of the projected IGFC system efficiency and water consumption are made to pulverized coal-fired and IGCC power plants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document