Development of 1D-Synthetic Geomechanical Well Logs for Applications Related to Reservoir Geomechanics in Buzurgan Oil Field

Knowledge of the distribution of the rock mechanical properties along the depth of the wells is an important task for many applications related to reservoir geomechanics. Such these applications are wellbore stability analysis, hydraulic fracturing, reservoir compaction and subsidence, sand production, and fault reactivation. A major challenge with determining the rock mechanical properties is that they are not directly measured at the wellbore. They can be only sampled at well location using rock testing. Furthermore, the core analysis provides discrete data measurements for specific depth as well as it is often available only for a few wells in a field of interest. This study presents a methodology to generate synthetic-geomechanical well logs for the production section of the Buzurgan oil field, located in the south of Iraq, using an artificial neural network. An issue with the area of study is that shear wave velocities and pore pressure measurements in some wells are missing or incomplete possibly for cost and time-saving purposes. The unavailability of these data can potentially create inaccuracies in reservoir characterization n and production management. To overcome these challenges, this study presents two developed models for estimating the shear wave velocity and pore pressure using ANN techniques. The input parameters are conventional well logs including compressional wave, bulk density, and gamma-ray. Also, this study presents a construction of 1-D mechanical earth model for the production section of Buzurgan oil field which can be used for optimizing the selected mud weights with less wellbore problems (less nonproductive time. The results showed that artificial neural network is a powerful tool in determining the shear wave velocity and formation pore pressure using conventional well logs. The constructed 1D MEM revealed a high matching between the predicted wellbore instabilities and the actual wellbore failures that were observed by the caliper log. The majority of borehole enlargements can be attributed to the formation shear failures due to an inadequate selection of mud weights while drilling. Hence, this study presents optimum mud weights (1.3 to 1.35 g/cc) that can be used to drill new wells in the Buzurgan oil field with less expected drilling problems.

Efektivitas Biro Umum dalam Menjalankan Program E-Surat di Sekretariat Daerah Provinsi Kalimantan Barat

The purpose of this research was to find out and analyze the effectiveness of the bureau of general affairs in running the Electronic Letter program at The Regional Secretariat of West Kalimantan Province. This Study uses Gibson et al’s theory of short-term Effectiveness which is seen from production, effieciency, and satisfaction. The method used in this research is qualitative, with descriptive research. The results showed that the effectiveness of bureau of general affairs in running the Electronic Letter program at The Regional Secretariat of West Kalimantan Province already existed but was not optimal. The effectiveness of the bureau of general affairs in running the Electronic Letter program has not been effective, due to, namely a) production; which consists of incoming letter service, mail disposition information services, letter numbering service have been running according to the stages even more efficient when viewed from the previous system, but not yet optimal. This is evidenced by the internet network that is still experience problems, employees or admins who are still experiening human error, and limited facilities and infrastructure; b) effieciency; which consists of time efficiency, service cost efficiency and service procedure effieciency, in terms of efficiency both internal and external parties state that it is quite optimal because the service is faster and more efficient but still needs to be improved; c) satisfaction; internal parties feel they are quite satisfied even though they are not optimal because there are still problems in the production section, but external parties are not satisfied this is because there are parties who are still having trouble tracking the whereabouts of the letter. The recommendations of this research are: 1) changing the mindset of employees gradually by increasing socialization related to the Electronic Letter program and increasing the motivation of each employee by building good relations between employees within the The Regional Secretariat of West Kalimantan Province; 2) involving all OPD (regional device organizations) to use the Electronic Letter application; 3) the provision of good facilities and infrastructure. Keywords: Effectiveness, The Electronic Letter Program, Bureau of General Affairs

PENGARUH KESEHATAN DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA (K3) TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT DI PT. DSN

This research is based on the importance of applying occupational health and safety to employees of palm oil mills, It is worth noting that by providing awareness to factory employees about occupational health and safety will improve the performance of these employees.The purpose of this research is to know the characteristics of factory employees in the production section and the influence of occupational health and safety on the performance of employees of palm oil mills production parts.The time and place of this research was conducted on December 2 to December 21, 2020 and took place at PT. DSN and located in Muara Wahau District. The research method used is quantitative by using the dissemination of statement questionnaires with variables of health, safety, and employee performance. Researcher data processing techniques use validity tests, reliability tests, and multiple linear regression analysis through spss 22 applications.From the results of research activities that have been conducted by researchers obtained data that shows that there is a positive and significant influence between occupational health and safety variables to the performance variables of factory employees.

Identification of Breakout Behind Casing: Methodology to Obtain Openhole-Equivalent Caliper Measurements Through Slotted Liner Using the Density Tool

Growth in the coal seam gas industry in Queensland, Australia, has been rapid over the past 15 years, with greater than USD 70 billion invested in three liquified natural gas export projects supplied by produced coal seam gas. Annual production is of the order of 40 Bscm or 1,500 PJ, with approximately 80% of this coming from the Jurassic Walloon Coal Measures of the Surat Basin and 20% from the Permian Coal Measures of the Bowen Basin. The Walloon Coal Measures are characterized by multiple thin coal seams making up approximately 10% of the total thickness of the unit. A typical well intersects 10 to 20 m of net coal over a 200- to 300-m interval, interbedded with lithic-rich sandstones, siltstones, and carbonaceous mudstones. The presence of such a significant section of lithic interburden within the primary production section has led to a somewhat unusual completion strategy. To maximize connection to the gas-bearing coals, uncemented slotted liners are used; however, this leaves fluid-sensitive interburden exposed to drilling, completion, and produced formation fluids over the life of a well. External swellable packers and blank joints are therefore used to isolate larger intervals of interburden and hence minimize fines production. Despite these efforts, significant fines production still occurs, which leads to the failure of artificial lift systems and the need for expensive workovers or lost wells. Fines production has major economic implications, with anecdotal reports suggesting up to 40% of progressive cavity pump artificial lift systems in Walloon Coal Measures producers may be down at any one time. The first step in solving this problem is to identify the extent and distribution of fines production. The wellbore completion strategy above, however, precludes the use of mechanical calipers to identify fines-production-related wellbore enlargement. A new caliper-behind-liner technique has therefore been developed using a multiple-detector density tool. Data from the shorter-spacing detectors are used to characterize the properties of the liner as well as the density of the annular material. This is particularly important to evaluate as the annulus fill varies between gas, formation water, drilling and completion fluids, and accumulated fines. The longer-spacing detector measurements are then used in conjunction with pre-existing openhole formation density measurements to determine the thickness of the annulus, and hence hole size, compensating for liner and annulus properties.

An Update on Semen Physiology, Technologies, and Selection Techniques for the Advancement of In Vitro Equine Embryo Production: Section II

As the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and in vitro embryo production (IVP) expand in the equine industry, it has become necessary to further our understanding of available semen selection techniques. This segment of our two-section review will focus on the selection of spermatozoa based on quality and sex for equine intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), as well as current and future developments in sperm sorting technologies. Ultimately, novel methods of semen selection will be assessed based on their efficacy in other species and their relevance and future application towards ARTs in the horse.

An Update on Semen Physiology, Technologies, and Selection Techniques for the Advancement of In Vitro Equine Embryo Production: Section I

As the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and in vitro embryo production (IVP) expand in the equine industry, it has become necessary to further our understanding of semen physiology as it applies to overall fertility. This segment of our two-section review will focus on normal sperm parameters, beginning with development and extending through the basic morphology of mature spermatozoa, as well as common issues with male factor infertility in IVP. Ultimately, the relevance of sperm parameters to overall male factor fertility in equine IVP will be assessed.

Collaborative Approach Overcomes Cementing Challenges in Narrow Pressure Window Environment

The collaborative approach used for cementing the production liner in an onshore development well in Russia is presented. The reservoir has a narrow window between pore and fracture pressures, which has previously caused formation instability and severe lost circulation issues during well construction, compromising zonal isolation objectives. Total loss of fluids experienced while cementing the 114.3 mm production liner in the first appraisal well in the field led to revising the cementing strategy. Collaboration among various parts of the drilling department and the opportunity to define a new approach resulted in a decision to introduce managed pressure drilling (MPD) to address the challenges associated with a narrow pressure window and uncertainty in pore pressure while drilling and cementing. This enabled implementing the optimal mud weight and adjusting equivalent circulating density (ECD) during cementing with minimum overbalance. Reducing the mud weight from 1.20 SG to 1.05 SG eliminated losses after running the liner and while cementing it. As a result, pre-job circulation rates and pumping rates during cementing could be increased, improving mud removal efficiency and achieving top of cement at the required depth. The constant-bottomhole-pressure mode of MPD was used to maintain the same ECD during displacement of the well to a lighter fluid and during cementing, avoiding well influx during pumpoff events by compensating for the annular friction pressure loss with surface backpressure. This first onshore managed pressure cementing operation executed within the same field in Russia (later named as field A) was completed flawlessly, with no safety or quality issues, zero nonproductive time, and achievement of the required zonal isolation across the challenging production section. The collaborative approach used was a novel strategy, with the mud weight program strategically adjusted before and during the cementing operation to achieve zonal isolation objectives.

Magnitude, Causes and Scope for Reducing Food Losses in the Baking and Confectionery Industry—A Multi-Method Approach

Reducing food wastage is one of the challenges in achieving global food security and transforming current food systems. Since human nutrition is closely dependent on cereal production, research was undertaken aimed at understanding the food losses in the baking and confectionery industry (BCI) in Poland, in particular at determining the volume, reasons and ways of reducing losses, identifying possibly all of the reasons for losses in BCI using the Ishikawa 5M + 1E diagram and determining the level of significance and probability of risk of food losses in the analysed sector. Two research methods were used. Quantitative data were collected using the mass balance method from five businesses that served as case studies. Qualitative data were collected through individual in-depth interviews with 17 industry experts. The companies’ average daily losses ranged from 0.8 to 6.4 tons, representing 9.7 to 14.4% of production volume, including 10.4–13.4% of bread losses and 6.8–24.4% of fresh pastry losses. The highest losses were generated by transport departments and these were exclusively retail returns. Following the Ishikawa concept, 31 primary and 94 secondary reasons for food losses were identified. Using the probability of loss risk, a toolkit for loss prevention and mitigation across all departments within businesses (raw materials magazine, production section, final product magazine and final product transport) and a set of horizontal tools were identified, including specialised training for employees and activities in several areas, e.g., technical status and production technology, organisation and planning, logistics and sales and cooperation with retail. This study, conducted in Poland, offers valuable results for developing programmes and strategies to prevent and manage food losses in BCI. Many of the solutions proposed in both toolkits can bring economic benefits without involving additional high costs.

Relayout on the IKM Krupuk Production Section

This industry, established since 2009, is one of the industries for making raw crackers with various kinds of crackers, which is located in simo angin-angin village, sidoarjo city which produces various kinds of crackers, namely casandra crackers, rose crackers, braid crackers and made with quality flour and fuel. to oven, namely with the steam obtained from the boiler / steam boiler. This study aims to design and suggest improvements to the facility layout properly and the flow of materials smoothly, so that the material travel distance is not too long and can reduce the alternating flow of the production process material in CV Andi Jaya with the Activity Relation Chart method with the application blocplan. One indicator that can determine how good a Layout is is by comparing the total moments in the Layout. From the results of the calculation of total moment efficiency using BLOCPLAN shows better results, where there is an increase of 0.52% from the existing condition or initial layout.

EVALUATION OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH IN PT PANTJA SIMPATI

Every production process in a company is inseparable from all the dangers of disease and occupational accidents for workers. So in a company it is necessary to implement occupational safety and health in order to reduce and prevent occupational diseases and accidents. In carrying out occupational safety and health at PT Pantja Simpati, PT Pantja Simpati has several problems that can cause illness and work accidents such as unavailability of personal protective equipment, non-functioning air vents, employees smoking in the production room, employees drinking in the production section. part. areas, fire fighting equipment lacks lighting, damaged ceilings or roofs, untidy cables, and slippery production floors. Ways to avoid work accidents such as providing PPE and APAR, repairing damaged equipment, and taking firm action against workers. From the problems found, the implementation of occupational safety and health at PT Pantja Simpati is still not good.Keywords— Occupational Safety and Health, 5W+1H