Development of an In-Situ Laser Absorption NO/NO2 Measuring System for Gas Turbine Exhaust Jets

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zhu ◽  
H. Yamada ◽  
S. Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Gas Flows ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Laser Absorption ◽  
System A ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

A diode-laser absorption system having the potential of simultaneous determination of NO and NO2 concentrations in the exhaust jets from gas turbines has been being developed. The sensitivities of the detection units at a typical exhaust gas temperature of 800 K were estimated as 30 ppmv-m and 3.7 ppmv-m for NO and NO2, respectively. Experiments using simulated exhaust gas flows have shown that CO2 do not have any interference with the NO and NO2 measurements. The detection limits in ppm of the system were considerably lowered by using a multi-pass optical system. A pair of off-axis parabola mirrors was useful to prevent the laser beam from straying from the detection area of the sensor due to the beam steering in the exhaust gas. Furthermore, the multi-path optical duct fabricated with 14 mirrors on the inner wall was effective in the measurement of NO and NO2 in the exhaust gas from gas turbines.

scholarly journals A Fault Diagnosis Approach for Gas Turbine Exhaust Gas Temperature Based on Fuzzy C-Means Clustering and Support Vector Machine

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-tao Wang ◽  
Ning-bo Zhao ◽  
Wei-ying Wang ◽  
Rui Tang ◽  
Shu-ying Li
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Fcm Clustering ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

As an important gas path performance parameter of gas turbine, exhaust gas temperature (EGT) can represent the thermal health condition of gas turbine. In order to monitor and diagnose the EGT effectively, a fusion approach based on fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering algorithm and support vector machine (SVM) classification model is proposed in this paper. Considering the distribution characteristics of gas turbine EGT, FCM clustering algorithm is used to realize clustering analysis and obtain the state pattern, on the basis of which the preclassification of EGT is completed. Then, SVM multiclassification model is designed to carry out the state pattern recognition and fault diagnosis. As an example, the historical monitoring data of EGT from an industrial gas turbine is analyzed and used to verify the performance of the fusion fault diagnosis approach presented in this paper. The results show that this approach can make full use of the unsupervised feature extraction ability of FCM clustering algorithm and the sample classification generalization properties of SVM multiclassification model, which offers an effective way to realize the online condition recognition and fault diagnosis of gas turbine EGT.

Early fault detection of gas turbine hot components under different ambient and operating conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441002098689
Author(s):  
Jiao Liu ◽  
Jinfu Liu ◽  
Daren Yu ◽  
Zhongqi Wang ◽  
Weizhong Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Early Fault Detection ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

Failure of hot components in gas turbines often causes catastrophic results. Early fault detection can prevent serious incidents and improve the availability. A novel early fault detection method of hot components is proposed in this article. Exhaust gas temperature is usually used as the indicator to detect the fault in the hot components, which is measured by several exhaust thermocouples with uniform distribution at the turbine exhaust section. The healthy hot components cause uniform exhaust gas temperature (EGT) profile, whereas the hot component faults could cause the uneven EGT profile. However, the temperature differences between different thermocouple readings are also affected by different ambient and operating conditions, and it sometimes has a greater influence on EGT than the faults. In this article, an accurate EGT model is presented to eliminate the influence of different ambient and operating conditions on EGT. Especially, the EGT profile swirl under different ambient and operating conditions is also included by considering the information of the thermocouples’ spatial correlations and the EGT profile swirl angle. Based on the developed EGT model, the detection performance of early fault detection of hot components in gas turbine is improved. The accuracy and effectiveness of the developed early fault detection method are evaluated by the real-world gas turbine data.

Advances in Direct Measurement of Gas Turbine Exhaust Temperature With Multi-Element Thermocouple Rakes for Diagnosing Performance Issues and Characterizing Turbine Upgrades

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Schmitt ◽  
Christopher R. Banares ◽  
Herve Clement ◽  
Joshua D. Gsell
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Temperature Pattern ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Radial Temperature ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Performance Issues ◽  
Gas Turbine Exhaust ◽  
Optimizing Control ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

Heavy-duty gas turbines are designed to deliver maximum performance within their respective technology class and emissions limits. In order to achieve performance goals consistent with hot section durability constraints, it has become more critical than ever for engineers to have an economical, dependable, and accurate measurement of the average exhaust gas temperature and the associated profiles. Simple thermocouples “rakes” have been used for many years to meet the basic need of measuring planar average temperature. In addition, recent testing experience has shown that the measured radial temperature profile data from these same “rakes” can play a key role in the diagnosis of performance issues and also in the characterization of hardware upgrades. For example, high technology hot section spin-offs from F, G, and H class turbines have been applied as upgrades to older B and E class turbines with dramatic impact on the exhaust temperature pattern. Another example has been the use of pressure/temperature exhaust “rakes” in F class turbines to diagnose changes in the radial temperature profile that result from combustion system upgrades. In both cases, the careful measurement and interpretation of these temperature patterns is crucial to the proper setting of control algorithms that govern performance levels and exhaust emissions. Advances in the design and arrangement of exhaust thermocouple rakes, and in the analysis methods used to interpret the resultant test data, are presented. Several recent cases of using rakes to diagnose performance issues and to characterize the temperature pattern for the purpose of optimizing control settings are discussed.

Lime kiln conversion from coke to natural gas operation – an option in direction of sustainable energy

2020 ◽  
pp. 431-434
Author(s):  
Oliver Arndt
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Lime Kiln ◽  
Lime Kilns ◽  
Co2 Balance ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

This paper deals with the conversion of coke fired lime kilns to gas and the conclusions drawn from the completed projects. The paper presents (1) the decision process associated with the adoption of the new technology, (2) the necessary steps of the conversion, (3) the experiences and issues which occurred during the first campaign, (4) the impacts on the beet sugar factory (i.e. on the CO2 balance and exhaust gas temperature), (5) the long term impressions and capabilities of several campaigns of operation, (6) the details of available technologies and (7) additional benefits that would justify a conversion from coke to natural gas operation on existing lime kilns. (8) Forecast view to develop systems usable for alternative gaseous fuels (e.g. biogas).

scholarly journals Exhaust Gas Temperature Measurements in Diagnostics of Turbocharged Marine Internal Combustion Engines Part I Standard Measurements

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Korczewski
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Measuring Signal ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

Abstract The article discusses the problem of diagnostic informativeness of exhaust gas temperature measurements in turbocharged marine internal combustion engines. Theoretical principles of the process of exhaust gas flow in turbocharger inlet channels are analysed in its dynamic and energetic aspects. Diagnostic parameters are defined which enable to formulate general evaluation of technical condition of the engine based on standard online measurements of the exhaust gas temperature. A proposal is made to extend the parametric methods of diagnosing workspaces in turbocharged marine engines by analysing time-histories of enthalpy changes of the exhaust gas flowing to the turbocompressor turbine. Such a time-history can be worked out based on dynamic measurements of the exhaust gas temperature, performed using a specially designed sheathed thermocouple. The first part of the article discusses possibilities to perform diagnostic inference about technical condition of a marine engine with pulse turbocharging system based on standard measurements of exhaust gas temperature in characteristic control cross-sections of its thermal and flow system. Selected metrological issues of online exhaust gas temperature measurements in those engines are discusses in detail, with special attention being focused on the observed disturbances and thermodynamic interpretation of the recorded measuring signal. Diagnostic informativeness of the exhaust gas temperature measurements performed in steady-state conditions of engine operation is analysed in the context of possible evaluations of technical condition of the engine workspaces, the injection system, and the fuel delivery process.

Energetic Based Organic Fluid Selection for a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell-Organic Rankine Cycle Combined System

2012 ◽  
Vol 622-623 ◽  
pp. 1162-1167
Author(s):  
Han Fei Tuo
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

In this study, energetic based fluid selection for a solid oxide fuel cell-organic rankine combined power system is investigated. 9 dry organic fluids with varied critical temperatures are chosen and their corresponding ORC cycle performances are evaluated at different turbine inlet temperatures and exhaust gas temperature (waste heat source) from the upper cycle. It is found that actual ORC cycle efficiency for each fluid strongly depends on the waste heat recovery performance of the heat recovery vapor generator. Exhaust gas temperature determines the optimal fluid which yields the highest efficiency.

Experimental Study of Natural Gas Fuel Temperature Influence on Radiation Enhancement and Emission

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mohammad Javadi ◽  
Pourya Nikoueeyan ◽  
Mohammad Moghiman ◽  
M. Ebrahim Feyz
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Intensity ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Flame Radiation ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
No Formation ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

The enhancement of the flame radiation in gas fueled burners not only improves the thermal efficiency, but also can suppress the rate of NO emission due to reducing the flame temperature. In this experimental investigation, the effect of inlet gas temperature on the flame radiation intensity and the rate of NO formation are studied. To serve this aim, with increasing the temperature of inlet methane to the burner up to 310°C, the variations of CO and NO level in exhaust gases and also the exhaust gas temperature are recorded by gas analyzer device. In each case, the flame radiation intensity was also measured by a photovoltaic module. The results revealed that by increasing the inlet gas temperature up to 250°C, the NO concentration and the exhaust gases temperature are raising. But when the inlet gas temperature exceeds from 250°C and reaches to 310°C, the flame luminosity gradually increases which results in 70 percent growth in flame radiation and 10 percent drop in exhaust gas temperature. The results of the preheating of inlet air also show the same behavior.

scholarly journals Improving Efficiency, Extending the Maximum Load Limit and Characterizing the Control-Related Problems Associated With Higher Loads in a 6-Cylinder Heavy-Duty Natural Gas Engine

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrzad Kaiadi ◽  
Per Tunestal ◽  
Bengt Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Load Limit ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature

High EGR rates combined with turbocharging has been identified as a promising way to increase the maximum load and efficiency of heavy duty spark ignition Natural Gas engines. With stoichiometric conditions a three way catalyst can be used which means that regulated emissions can be kept at very low levels. Most of the heavy duty NG engines are diesel engines which are converted for SI operation. These engine’s components are in common with the diesel-engine which put limits on higher exhaust gas temperature. The engines have lower maximum load level than the corresponding diesel engines. This is mainly due to the lower density of NG, lower compression ratio and limits on knocking and also high exhaust gas temperature. They also have lower efficiency due to mainly the lower compression ratio and the throttling losses. However performing some modifications on the engines such as redesigning the engine’s piston in a way to achieve higher compression ratio and more turbulence, modifying EGR system and optimizing the turbocharging system will result in improving the overall efficiency and the maximum load limit of the engine. This paper presents the detailed information about the engine modifications which result in improving the overall efficiency and extending the maximum load of the engine. Control-related problems associated with the higher loads are also identified and appropriate solutions are suggested.

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