Design of a New Experimental Rig for Thermal Cyclic Testing of Combustor Liner Tiles

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mende ◽  
O. Liedtke ◽  
A. Schulz ◽  
H.-J. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Design Data ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Damage Models ◽  
Combustor Liner ◽  
Experimental Rig

This paper describes the design and operation of a new test rig, which allows the simulation of real engine operating conditions leading to Low-Cycle Fatigue of combustor liner tiles. The experimental setup will provide high-quality data for the development of damage models. At first the design data of the test rig will be derived from the relevant damage mechanisms in Combustor Liner Tiles (CLT). Then the construction of the test rig and its integration into an existing high temperature high pressure test facility will be elucidated. Finally experimental data of a typical simulated thermal cycle is shown.

A New Test Facility for Investigating the Interaction Between Swirl Flow and Wall Cooling Films in Combustors

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Wurm ◽  
A. Schulz ◽  
H.-J. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Thermal Studies ◽  
Swirl Flow ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Wall Region ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Combustor Liner

Swirl stabilization of flames is typically used in combustors of aero engines and gas turbines for power generation. In the near wall region of the combustor liner, the swirling flow interacts in a very particular way with wall cooling films. This interaction and its effect on the local wall cooling performance gave reason to design and commission a new atmospheric test rig for detailed aerodynamic and thermal studies. The new test rig includes three burners in a planar arrangement. Special emphasis was placed on the simulation of realistic operating conditions as Reynolds number and temperature ratio. The liner cooling and the formation of a starter cooling film can be independently controlled. The rectangular flow channel is equipped with large windows to allow for laser optical diagnostics like PIV and 3-component LDA. The thermal analyses are based on highly resolved temperature mappings of the cooled surface utilizing infrared thermography. First experimental results are presented in terms of static pressure distributions on the combustor liner and PIV contour plots of the swirl flow. The static pressure pattern corresponds well to the up wash and downwash regions of the swirl flow.

Performance Measurements in Large and Small Scale Multi-Stage Axial Compressors

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Waitke ◽  
Michael Ladwig
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scaling Effects ◽  
Performance Measurements ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Compressor Performance ◽  
Stage Matching

During the commissioning of the prototype of the sequential combustion turbine GT24 extensive measurements of the compressor performance at design- and off-design-operation were accomplished besides the investigation of the other components of the GT. While the compressor performance at design operating conditions was as expected the data obtained showed some unexpected deviations from previously performed measurements of a 1/3-scale test rig of the low pressure compressor. This paper summarizes the results of the measurements and presents a detailed comparison between the measured performance of the GT compressor, the design data and the test rig. The discussion is focused on the influence of scaling effects on the aerodynamic performance and stage matching with particular emphasis on the Reynolds Number influence at different aerodynamic speeds. Furthermore some aspects of the starting behavior of the compressor are presented.

Validation of LCF Life of Turbine Rotor Assembly of a Turbo-Shaft Engine Through Cyclic Spin Test

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardik Roy ◽  
S. Esakki Muthu ◽  
P. Udayanan ◽  
Girish K. Degaonkar ◽  
Selwyn Anbarasan
Keyword(s):  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Turbine Rotors ◽  
Rotor Assembly ◽  
Load Conditions ◽  
Engine Rotors

Gas turbine rotors are high speed rotating components which operate under high temperatures. These turbine rotors undergo repeated cycles of low speeds to high speeds and therefore low stresses to high stresses which lead to low cycle fatigue failure. This low cycle fatigue leads to initiation of cracks at high stress areas like bolt holes, blade slots or disc bore. During design the life obtained through numerical methods is verified by cyclic spin tests. This particular paper talks about the spin testing of turbine rotor assembly of a turbo-shaft engine to validate its low cycle fatigue life obtained through analysis. These three stage turbine rotors were indigenised for cost savings. The life of the indigenously designed rotors were required to be the same as the turbine rotors being supplied by the engine OEM’s. Since the test rig which was used to validate the life of the rotors had a limitation of applying uniform temperatures, there was a need to develop a test schedule that simulates the operating conditions of the actual engine rotors. The work was carried out in two phases. In the first phase FEA tools were utilised to find out stress and strain levels of the turbine rotors by applying actual engine load conditions. Since rotor assembly was tested under uniform temperature in the test rig a combination of centrifugal load and temperature that would result in the same factor of safety levels of the rotors as in the actual engine conditions was arrived at in an iterative manner. Once the right combination was achieved the life of the engine rotors under test conditions was estimated numerically. In the second phase cyclic spin test was carried out on the turbine rotor assembly at equivalent load conditions. At regular intervals dimensional and NDT checks were carried out on the rotor assembly to find out crack initiation. The life of the rotor assembly which was estimated with the help of FE tool was validated through spin test.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Stall and Surge in a Multistage Compressor

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Munari ◽  
Mirko Morini ◽  
Michele Pinelli ◽  
Pier Ruggero Spina ◽  
Alessio Suman
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Test Rig

Flow instability conditions, in particular during surge and stall phenomena, have always influenced the operational reliability of turbocompressors and have attracted significant interest resulting in extensive literature. Nowadays, this subject is still one of the most investigated because of its high relevance on centrifugal and axial compressor operating flow range, performance, and efficiency. Many researchers approach this important issue by developing numerical models, whereas others approach it through experimental studies specifically carried out in order to better comprehend this phenomenon. The aim of this paper is to experimentally analyze the stable and unstable operating conditions of an aeronautic turboshaft gas turbine axial–centrifugal compressor installed on a brand new test rig properly designed for this purpose. The test facility is set up in order to obtain (i) the compressor performance maps at rotational speeds up to 25,000 rpm and (ii) the compressor transient behavior during surge. By using two different test rig layouts, instabilities occurring in the compressor, beyond the peak of the characteristic curve, are identified and investigated. These two types of analysis are carried out, thanks to pressure, temperature, and mass flow sensors located in strategic positions along the circuit. These measurement sensors are part of a proper control and acquisition system, characterized by an adjustable sampling frequency. Thus, the desired operating conditions of the compressor in terms of mass flow and rotational speed and transient of these two parameters are regulated by this dedicated control system.

Test Rig Commissioning for Advanced Rotor-Stator Seals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Trivedi ◽  
Eric Ruggiero ◽  
Christopher Wolfe ◽  
Joel Kirk ◽  
John Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
System Level ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Test Requirements

Abstract Test facilities capable of simulating relevant operational environments for validating novel concepts are indispensable for advancing the state-of-the-art in turbomachinery sealing technology. A test rig suitable for demonstrating full-scale rotor-stator sealing concepts under operational environments relevant for a variety of turbomachinery gas paths was designed and commissioned at GE’s Seals Test Facility. The test rig, called the Advanced Seals Test Rig (or ASTR), can simulate conditions that include a range of rotor speeds, fluid pressures and temperatures, from steady state operating conditions of high pressure turbines of aircraft engines to sections of steam turbines. The present paper provides a system level description of the test rig. The main test section of the rig is housed within the centerpiece of a stamped pressure vessel. A drive train penetrates the pressure vessel and consists of an integral saddle mounted rotor. A motor connected to a high-speed gearbox through couplings on each end permits rotation of the test rotor. The test rotor is supported by two bearing pedestals. The paper describes these rig subsystems with focus on novel features for ease of operation. Key instrumentation and operating procedures that enable the rig to operate safely are also described. Key drivers of the rig design, such as test requirements, rotordynamics, mechanical design, ergonomics, safety and test productivity are outlined. Mechanical design considerations include strict requirements for thermal and pressure deformation under demanding conditions of pressure and temperature. Commissioning of the rig included phases of fabrication, installation, shakeout, calibration and benchmarking. Key learnings from the rig design and commissioning process, as well as operations, are summarized.

Operating Performance and Wear Investigations of Brush Seals for Steam Turbine Applications

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Raben ◽  
H. Schwarz ◽  
J. Friedrichs
Keyword(s):  
Operating Performance ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Live Steam ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Brush Seal ◽  
Brush Seals

In recent years brush seals have become more and more an established alternative to existing labyrinth seals due to their increased pressure difference capability per stage in combination with a radial adaptive characteristic. In general brush seal and shaft should be in a concentric position. To utilize the special advantages of a brush seal system the radial adaptive capability of the seal’s bristle pack has to be achieved and guaranteed for the entire operation time. Every mechanism leading to a contact between the rotor and the seal will potentially cause an abrasive wear on both sides. In order to reduce this wear and to improve the operating performance of the brush seal, the influencing parameters resulting from the rotor eccentricity, the thermal gradient and the blown down characteristic of the bristle pack itself have to be understood. For this purpose the TU Braunschweig developed a unique steam test rig for brush seal investigations which allows live steam operations of single and multi stage brush seals up to 50 bar and 450 °C. Equipped with a 300 mm motor driven shaft, long time endurance tests under varying, transient operating conditions can be carried out. In addition to the steam test rig a second cold air test facility with an optical access and a force-displacement measurement unit is used. To analyse the operating bristle pack the brush seal packages and their characteristics were tested in detail under pressure gradients up to 8 bar. The paper shows the results of different seal designs with regards to the blow-down characteristics during a live steam endurance test. Based on these results especially the axial design of the brush seal was found to be an important parameter, since it has a significant influence on potential vibration behaviour of the bristle pack under specific load conditions. In contrast, the transient live steam measurements have shown that a limited amount of movement and vibrations enables an improved radial adaptiveness, leading to reduced leakages during transient operations. Finally the paper introduces a new rotor concept for the steam test rig for further investigations of the brush seal - rotor interaction. It enables the utilization of new and especially varying rotor materials for increased steam parameters as well as the detection of the heat introduction into the rotor during the operating time by rotor-integrated temperature probes.

New Modular Test Rig for Unsteady Performance Assessment of Automotive Turbocharger Turbines

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Lyttek ◽  
Harald Roclawski ◽  
Martin Böhle ◽  
Marc Gugau
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Special Device ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Inflow Conditions

Standard test rigs for basic research on turbochargers usually do not provide the capability of periodically changing, instantaneous process values, which are characteristic for the real application of these turbines. The challenge of testing the performance potential of turbocharger turbines under pulsating inflow conditions is mainly originated by the complex compatibility of two main issues that need to be implemented at a test facility: Firstly, a special device is required that reproducibly provides real engine-like exhaust gas pulsations with some variability representing different engine operating conditions. Secondly, appropriate real time measurement techniques for all significant transient values are required to measure both, instantaneous turbine inflow conditions and turbine power output. This paper presents a new developed test rig that enables a preferably high overlap between the above mentioned supply of approximately real engine exhaust gas conditions and the fundamental and scientifically based attempt of unsteady gas flow examinations.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Stall and Surge in a Multistage Compressor

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Munari ◽  
Mirko Morini ◽  
Michele Pinelli ◽  
Pier Ruggero Spina ◽  
Alessio Suman
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Test Rig

Flow instability conditions, in particular during surge and stall phenomena, have always influenced the operational reliability of turbo-compressors and have attracted significant interest resulting in extensive literature. Nowadays, this subject is still one of the most investigated because of its high relevance on centrifugal and axial compressor operating flow range, performance and efficiency. Many researchers approach this important issue by developing numerical models, whereas others approach it through experimental studies specifically carried out in order to better comprehend this phenomenon. The aim of this paper is to experimentally analyze the stable and unstable operating conditions of an aeronautic turbo-shaft gas turbine axial-centrifugal compressor installed on a brand new test-rig properly designed for this purpose. The test facility is set up in order to obtain i) the compressor performance maps at rotational speeds up to 25,000 rpm and ii) the compressor transient behavior during surge. By using two different test rig layouts, instabilities occurring in the compressor, beyond the peak of the characteristic curve, are identified and investigated. These two types of analysis are carried out thanks to pressure, temperature and mass flow sensors located in strategic positions along the circuit. These measurement sensors are part of a proper control and acquisition system, characterized by an adjustable sampling frequency. Thus, the desired operating conditions of the compressor, in terms of mass flow and rotational speed and transient of these two parameters are regulated by this dedicated control system.

What Can Digitization Do For Formulated Product Innovation and Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James McDonagh ◽  
William Swope ◽  
Richard L. Anderson ◽  
Michael Johnston ◽  
David J. Bray
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Hybrid Approaches ◽  
Digital Ecosystem ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Chemical Simulation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Digitization offers significant opportunities for the formulated product industry to transform the way it works and develop new methods of business. R&D is one area of operation that is challenging to take advantage of these technologies due to its high level of domain specialisation and creativity but the benefits could be significant. Recent developments of base level technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML), robotics and high performance computing (HPC), to name a few, present disruptive and transformative technologies which could offer new insights, discovery methods and enhanced chemical control when combined in a digital ecosystem of connectivity, distributive services and decentralisation. At the fundamental level, research in these technologies has shown that new physical and chemical insights can be gained, which in turn can augment experimental R&D approaches through physics-based chemical simulation, data driven models and hybrid approaches. In all of these cases, high quality data is required to build and validate models in addition to the skills and expertise to exploit such methods. In this article we give an overview of some of the digital technology demonstrators we have developed for formulated product R&D. We discuss the challenges in building and deploying these demonstrators.<br>

Collecting High-Quality Data

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Kay Gugerty ◽  
Dean Karlan
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Social Desirability Bias ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
Demand Effect

Without high-quality data, even the best-designed monitoring and evaluation systems will collapse. Chapter 7 introduces some the basics of collecting high-quality data and discusses how to address challenges that frequently arise. High-quality data must be clearly defined and have an indicator that validly and reliably measures the intended concept. The chapter then explains how to avoid common biases and measurement errors like anchoring, social desirability bias, the experimenter demand effect, unclear wording, long recall periods, and translation context. It then guides organizations on how to find indicators, test data collection instruments, manage surveys, and train staff appropriately for data collection and entry.

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