Alstom Gas Turbine Technology Overview: Status 2014

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Kappis ◽  
Stefan Florjancic ◽  
Uwe Ruedel
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Market Requirements ◽  
Base Load ◽  
Very High

Market requirements for the heavy duty gas turbine power generation business have significantly changed over the last few years. With high gas prices in former times, all users have been mainly focusing on efficiency in addition to overall life cycle costs. Today individual countries see different requirements, which is easily explainable picking three typical trends. In the United States, with the exploitation of shale gas, gas prices are at a very low level. Hence, many gas turbines are used as base load engines, i.e. nearly constant loads for extended times. For these engines reliability is of main importance and efficiency somewhat less. In Japan gas prices are extremely high, and therefore the need for efficiency is significantly higher. Due to the challenge to partly replace nuclear plants, these engines as well are mainly intended for base load operation. In Europe, with the mid and long term carbon reduction strategy, heavy duty gas turbines is mainly used to compensate for intermittent renewable power generation. As a consequence, very high cyclic operation including fast and reliable start-up, very high loading gradients, including frequency response, and extended minimum and maximum operating ranges are required. Additionally, there are other features that are frequently requested. Fuel flexibility is a major demand, reaching from fuels of lower purity, i.e. with higher carbon (C2+), content up to possible combustion of gases generated by electrolysis (H2). Lifecycle optimization, as another important request, relies on new technologies for reconditioning, lifetime monitoring, and improved lifetime prediction methods. Out of Alstom’s recent research and development activities the following items are specifically addressed in this paper. Thermodynamic engine modelling and associated tasks are discussed, as well as the improvement and introduction of new operating concepts. Furthermore extended applications of design methodologies are shown. An additional focus is set ono improve emission behaviour understanding and increased fuel flexibility. Finally, some applications of the new technologies in Alstom products are given, indicating the focus on market requirements and customer care.

Advanced Gas Turbine Technology: ABB/BBC Historical Firsts

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietrich Eckardt ◽  
Peter Rufli
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Global Power ◽  
Heavy Duty Gas Turbine ◽  
Development Center

During more than 100 years engineers of the Swiss development center of A.-G. BBC Brown, Boveri & Cie., from 1988 onwards ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd, in 1999 ABB ALSTOM POWER Ltd and now ALSTOM Power Ltd in Baden, Switzerland have significantly contributed to the achievement of todays advanced gas turbine concept. Numerous “Firsts” are highlighted in this paper — ranging from the first realization of the industrial, heavy-duty gas turbine in the 1930s to todays high-technology Gas Turbine (GT) products, combining excellent performance, extraordinary low environmental impact with commercial attractiveness for global power generation. Interesting connections could be unveiled for the early parallel development of industrial and areo gas turbines.

Economic and Technical Challenges Facing Large-Scale Gas Turbine Projects due to Environmental Requirements for Extremely Low Emissions

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Zachary
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Low Sulfur

Since 1998, the United States has experienced a tremendous increase in power generation projects using gas turbine technology. By burning natural gas as the primary fuel and low sulfur oil as a back-up fuel, gas turbines are the cleanest form of fossil power generation.

Evaluation of Arabian Super Light Crude Oil for Use in a F-Class DLN Combustion System

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Goldmeer ◽  
Richard Symonds ◽  
Paul Glaser ◽  
Bassam Mohammad ◽  
Zac Nagel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Heavy Liquids

Global trends in natural gas and distillate oil prices and availability continue to influence decisions on power generation fuel choice. In some regions, heavy liquids are being selected as gas turbine fuels. One particular crude oil, Arabian Super Light (ASL), has the potential to be used as a primary or back-up fuel in F-class heavy duty gas turbines. This paper presents the results of a set of tests performed on ASL to determine the potential of using it in a Dry Low NOx (DLN) combustion system for operation in an F-class gas turbine.

Gas Turbines in Alternative Fuel Applications: The Utilization of Highly Aromatic Fuels in Power Generation

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Moliere ◽  
Frederic Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Benzene Ring ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Diffusion Flames ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Burn Out

Heavy Duty Gas Turbines enjoy a wide fuel capability that makes them increasingly popular power generation tools in several branches of the industry. Among Alternative Fuels for gas turbines is a group of “Aromatic Fuels”. These fuels are presently virtually unknown but they offer interesting prospects namely for captive power in the refining and petrochemistry. Until now there has been a limited awareness of the combustion issues posed by Aromatic Fuels especially in the high temperature, medium pressure conditions of gas turbine combustors. This apparent disinterest is tied to various issues namely: - smoke problems faced by the aviation sector during the 70’s that were caused by “aromatic jet fuels”; - the supremacy of natural gas that monopolizes R&D combustion efforts for power applications. The success of light aromatics in spark engines as substitutes for lead-based RON improvers has been stopped by the ban of aromatics in car fuels. Toxicity is thus another blemish of aromatic fuels. Chemically, aromatic fuels involve a wide diversity of molecules in structure and size, ranging from simple mono-aromatics (one benzene ring) to poly-aromatics (up to 3 condensed benzene rings). The general combustion problem posed by aromatic fuels lies in the high thermal stability of the benzene ring in oxidative conditions and its propensity to condense on itself and to form soot particles. In addition, the high Auto Ignition Temperature and Delay of Aromatic Fuels make them improper for combustion in Diesel engines and require large residence time in atmospheric flames. Interestingly, it appears that, with their hot and lean diffusion flames and relatively oxidizing combustion zones, Heavy Duty Gas Turbines exhibit a remarkable ability to break and cleanly burn out these molecules. The paper presents this new class of gas turbine fuels, outlines their market rationale and offers key combustion considerations to ensure clean utilization. It also summarizes the experience gathered by a gas turbine manufacturer in the combustion of BTX, C9+ and LCO type fuels. It also outlines the chemical mechanisms that underlie the clean combustion of aromatic fuels in gas turbine chambers.

scholarly journals Volatile, Low Lubricity Fuels in Gas Turbine Plants: A Review of Main Fuel Options and Their Respective Merits

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Molière ◽  
F. Geiger ◽  
E. Deramond ◽  
T. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Gas Condensates ◽  
Clear Identification

While natural gas is achieving unrivalled penetration in the power generation sector, especially in gas-turbine combined cycles (CCGT), an increasing number of alternative fuels are in a position to take up the ground left vacant by this major primary energy. In particular, within the thriving family of liquid fuels, the class of volatile products opens interesting prospects for clean and efficient power generation in CCGT plants. Therefore, it has become a necessity for the gas turbine industry to extensively evaluate such new fuel candidates, among which: naphtha’s; kerosines; gas condensates; Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) and alcohols are the most prominent representatives. From a technical standpoint, the success of such projects requires both a careful approach to several specific issues (eg: fuel handling & storage, operation safety) and a clear identification of technological limits. For instance, while the purity of gas condensates meets the requirements of heavy-duty technologies, it generally appears unsuitable for aeroderivative machines. This paper offers a succinct but comprehensive technical approach and overviews some experience acquired in this area with heavy duty gas turbines. Its aim is to inform gas turbine users/engineers and project developers who envisage volatile fuels as alternative primary energies in gas turbine plants.

Multi Fuel Concept of the Siemens 3A – Gas Turbine Series

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eberhard Deuker ◽  
Roger Waldinger ◽  
Horst Uwe Rauh ◽  
Frank Schade
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Safety Concept ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Fuel Density ◽  
High Vapor ◽  
Base Load

To provide maximum fuel flexibility, Siemens has developed a liquid-fuel supply system for its 3A-Series gas turbines, which in addition to customary distillate can also accommodate special fuels such as naphtha and condensates, and which also enables fuel changeover during gas turbine operation. The high vapor pressure and correspondingly low flash point of naphtha and condensates necessitate a complex fuel system safety concept as well as special flushing procedures when the gas turbine is started up and shut down. The addition of water to the fuel has been shown to be an efficient method of reducing NOx emissions. This addition of water, coupled with the highly variable fuel density, places increased demands on the gas turbine control system. Moreover, it is possible to switch from natural-gas operation to fuel-oil operation and back again when the turbine is operated in the output range near base load.

scholarly journals Electric Power and Natural Gas Synergism

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (03) ◽  
pp. 76-77
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prime Movers ◽  
Base Load ◽  
Electrical Supply

This article explains research and development in the field of gas turbine power plants. Natural gas fueled gas turbines driving generators are proving to be the most versatile and effective energy converter in the engineer's arsenal of prime movers. Continued research and development are making these gas turbine power plants even more effective, flexible, and efficient. Gas turbine plants can operate under either base load operations or in quick start/fast shutdown modes. The reliable and dispatchable backup capacity of fast-reacting fossil technology to hedge against variability of electrical supply was a key to successful renewable use in the 26 countries studied. The article concludes that the use of versatile electric power gas turbines fueled by natural gas will continue to grow in the world. In the United States, with recent shale discoveries and fracking of natural gas, such use should increase, with or without the emphasis on renewables.

Advanced Weld Repair of Gas Turbine Hot Section Components

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai Arjakine ◽  
Jerry Bruck ◽  
Birgit Gru¨ger ◽  
Dirk M. Seeger ◽  
Rolf Wilkenhoener
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Welding Processes ◽  
Weld Heat

In the 21st century, generation of electrical power will play a critical role due to constantly rising global population and increasing energy demand. While energy resources such as oil, coal and natural gas are being rapidly exhausted, environmental concerns of global warming due to CO2 emissions are simultaneously imposing limits on consumption of these limited resources. Natural gas is one of the most efficient industrial fuels and therefore, over the last two decades, its use with stationary gas turbines has increased dramatically. New nickel based superalloys and advanced coating systems have been introduced to further advance the efficiency of such natural gas power generation equipment. While such new technologies increase the cost of newly manufactured parts, refurbishment of service exposed parts has become of increasing importance in the gas turbine business. For this reason, for example, modern joining methods have been developed to repair single crystal parts at significantly lower prices compared to manufacture of new parts. Repair of turbine hot gas path components is a proven service offered to customers by Siemens Power Generation (Siemens PG). Highly advanced brazing and welding processes are routinely applied to repair gas turbine parts. Particular concerns in the repair of such turbine parts made of cobalt and nickel based superalloys include high susceptibility to hot cracking during welding and post weld heat treating. Special technological subtleties must be applied for successful repair including use of ductile filler materials, welding methods with low heat input, hot box welding and complicated pre- and post-weld heat treatments to avoid weld cracking. This paper deals with some repair welding technologies currently used at Siemens PG.

Turbo-Machinery Requirements for Practical SOFC – Gas Turbine Hybrid Systems

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger W. Schonewald
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Mind Set ◽  
Power Generation Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle ◽  
Economic Considerations

The integration of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and a gas turbine is a marriage of two otherwise disparate power generation technologies with the potential for significant efficiency and emissions benefits. This requires consideration of the integrated system with unique impacts to the design of both components. Gas turbines for such systems will be different from today’s heavy-duty gas turbines and require a modified mind set in their design approach. This paper explores gas turbines that will be required for integrated SOFC gas turbine power generation systems, the resulting gas turbine cycle, technology flow-down from today’s gas turbines, and economic considerations.

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