Variable Geometry Compressors for Heavy Duty Truck Engine Turbochargers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wöhr ◽  
Markus Müller ◽  
Johannes Leweux
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Variable Geometry ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Vaned Diffuser ◽  
Driving Range ◽  
Development Approach ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Compressor Efficiency

This paper presents the development approach, design and evaluation of three turbocharger compressors with variable geometry for heavy duty engines. The main goal is the improvement of fuel economy without sacrifices regarding any other performance criteria. In a first step, a vaned diffuser parameter study shows that efficiency improvements in the relevant operating areas are possible at the cost of reduced map width. Concluding from the results three variable geometries with varying complexity based on vaned diffusers are designed. Results from the hot gas test stand and engine test rig show that all systems are capable of increasing compressor efficiency and thus improving fuel economy in the main driving range of heavy duty engines. The most significant differences can be seen regarding the engine brake performance. Only one system meets all engine demands while improving fuel economy.

Variable Geometry Compressors for Heavy Duty Truck Engine Turbochargers

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wöhr ◽  
Markus Müller ◽  
Johannes Leweux
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Variable Geometry ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Vaned Diffuser ◽  
Driving Range ◽  
Development Approach ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Compressor Efficiency

This paper presents the development approach, design, and evaluation of three turbocharger compressors with variable geometry for heavy duty engines. The main goal is the improvement of fuel economy without sacrifices regarding any other performance criteria. In a first step, a vaned diffuser parameter study shows that efficiency improvements in the relevant operating areas are possible at the cost of reduced map width. Concluding from the results, three variable geometries with varying complexity based on vaned diffusers are designed. Results from the hot gas test stand and engine test rig show that all systems are capable of increasing compressor efficiency and thus improving fuel economy in the main driving range of heavy duty engines. The most significant differences can be seen regarding the engine brake performance. Only one system meets all engine demands while improving fuel economy.

An Investigation Into the Effect of Clearance Aspect Ratio on the Performance of a Variable Geometry Vaned Diffuser for Automotive Turbocharger Application

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Gibson ◽  
Stephen Spence ◽  
Sung In Kim ◽  
Charles Stuart ◽  
Martin Schwitzke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Boost Pressure ◽  
Variable Geometry ◽  
Peak Efficiency ◽  
Vaned Diffuser ◽  
Vortical Structures ◽  
Compressor Performance ◽  
Compressor Map ◽  
Compressor Efficiency

Abstract The current state-of-the-art in radial compressor design for automotive turbocharger applications utilize impellers with a high trailing edge backsweep angle and a vaneless diffuser to provide a high boost pressure over a wide operating range. A unique feature of this type of design is that the peak efficiency island is typically located near the choke side of the compressor map. As such, the compressor efficiency is generally satisfactory when the engine is operating at high speed, such as the rated power condition. However, at low speeds the engine operating line is located close to the compressor surge line where the efficiency is generally modest. Thus, there is a need to improve the compressor efficiency at low engine speeds without compromising performance near the choke side of the map or the overall map width. Variable geometry devices have shown good potential to improve the compressor performance without a compromise in map width. In general, variability is achieved by moving walls or rotating vanes to best suit the flow conditions for a given mass flow rate. In order for this to be practically realised, a clearance or gap is required between the stationary and moving parts. This ultimately gives rise to leakage flows within the compressor stage and generally results in a lower achievable efficiency relative to the fixed geometry configuration. A study by the authors on an on/off type variable geometry vaned diffuser identified significant loss mechanisms due to the clearances required for the vanes to slide in to and out of the main flow path. Moreover, the endwall position of the clearance was found to have a marked impact on the compressor stability and peak efficiency. This paper assesses the effect of the clearance depth to width ratio (or aspect ratio) at different endwall positions with the aim of identifying an appropriate geometry and position to approach an optimised design. Steady-state Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations were performed using ANSYS CFX at three operating speeds to obtain a broad sense of the effect of the clearance aspect ratio on the compressor performance. It was found that a high value of aspect ratio enabled the formation of large vortical structures in the vaned diffuser. The mixing between the core flow and the vortical structures resulted in significant losses in the vaned diffuser and affected the compressor map width differently depending on the endwall position.

scholarly journals Methodology for the Concept Design of Locally Reinforced Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7246
Author(s):  
Julius Moritz Berges ◽  
Georg Jacobs ◽  
Sebastian Stein ◽  
Jonathan Sprehe
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Cost Weight ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Plastics ◽  
The Cost

Locally load-optimized fiber-based composites, the so-called tailored textiles (TT), offer the potential to reduce weight and cost compared to conventional fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP). However, the design of TT has a higher complexity compared to FRP. Current approaches, focusing on solving this complexity for multiple objectives (cost, weight, stiffness), require great effort and calculation time, which makes them unsuitable for serial applications. Therefore, in this paper, an approach for the efficient creation of simplified TT concept designs is presented. By combining simplified models for structural design and cost estimation, the most promising concepts, regarding the cost, weight, and stiffness of TT parts, can be identified. By performing a parameter study, the cost, weight, and stiffness optima of a sample part compared to a conventional FRP component can be determined. The cost and weight were reduced by 30% for the same stiffness. Applying this approach at an early stage of product development reduces the initial complexity of the subsequent detailed engineering design, e.g., by applying methods from the state of the art.

Moving cheaply: energetics of walking in the African elephant.

1995 ◽  
Vol 198 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
V A Langman ◽  
T J Roberts ◽  
J Black ◽  
G M Maloiy ◽  
N C Heglund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
African Elephant ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
Cost Of Locomotion ◽  
Biological Laws ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
The Cost

Large animals have a much better fuel economy than small ones, both when they rest and when they run. At rest, each gram of tissue of the largest land animal, the African elephant, consumes metabolic energy at 1/20 the rate of a mouse; using existing allometric relationships, we calculate that it should be able to carry 1 g of its tissue (or a load) for 1 km at 1/40 the cost for a mouse. These relationships between energetics and size are so consistent that they have been characterized as biological laws. The elephant has massive legs and lumbers along awkwardly, suggesting that it might expend more energy to move about than other animals. We find, however, that its energetic cost of locomotion is predicted remarkably well by the allometric relationships and is the lowest recorded for any living land animal.

Effects of Cycle Operating Conditions on Combustor Performance

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Davis ◽  
V. G. McDonell ◽  
G. S. Samuelsen
Keyword(s):  
Cost Function ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Variable Geometry ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Mixing Processes ◽  
The Cost

To mitigate the environmental impact of next-generation gas turbine combustors, the emission performance at each condition throughout the load duty cycle must be optimized. Achieving this with a single combustor geometry may not be possible. Rather, the mixing processes and airflow splits must likely be modified as a function of load in order to (1) abate the emission of oxides of nitrogen, (2) maintain combustion efficiency, and (3) preclude lean blow-out over the entire duty cycle. The present study employs a model combustor to evaluate combustor performance as a function of load and explore the application of variable geometry to optimize performance at each condition. A parametric variation of flow splits is conducted at each load condition by independently adjusting the primary jet area and swirler choke area. The resultant impact on combustor performance is measured and quantified in terms of a cost function. The cost function is defined to increase with improving combustor performance (e.g., improving combustion efficiency and/or declining NOx emissions). Cycle operating conditions are found to alter the response mappings of efficiency and NOx. As a result, the optimal configuration of the combustor changes as the load is varied over the duty cycle. The results provide guidance on the application of active control.

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