Damping Behavior of Acoustic Dominant Modes in an Aeroacoustic Test Rig Representing a Simplified Geometry of a High Pressure Radial Compressor

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Botond Barabas ◽  
Dieter Brillert ◽  
Hans Josef Dohmen ◽  
Friedrich-Karl Benra
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Pressure Fluctuations ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Coupled Modes ◽  
Acoustic Modes ◽  
Damping Behavior ◽  
Weakly Coupled ◽  
Reliable Design

Pressure ratios of modern high pressure radial compressors tend to increase along with pressure fluctuations and the excitation potential on the impellers. The vibrational interactions between side cavities, filled with high pressure fluid, and the impeller structure play an important role in designing a machine for reliable operation. However, they are not yet fully understood. Vibrations at frequencies that have been uncritical at lower pressure levels could become critical at a higher pressure level. Additionally, coupling effects between fluid and structure are becoming stronger at higher fluid densities. For a safe and reliable design, the excitation and the damping mechanism of coupled modes has to be better understood. To understand the interaction, especially regarding the damping behavior, of coupled structure and acoustic modes, a comprehension of the behavior of the uncoupled or weakly coupled modes is required. The structural damping ratio is very small and it has been analyzed in existing literature extensively. The damping behavior of uncoupled acoustic modes, however, is not yet well investigated. This paper focuses on the damping behavior of acoustic modes that are weakly coupled to structure modes. Measurement results gathered at the aeroacoustic test rig at the University of Duisburg-Essen are presented. The results show the influence of fluid pressure variations on the damping behavior of acoustic modes. Therefore, the response functions of some selected acoustic modes are evaluated with the Peak-to-Peak method. In general, the damping decreases with increasing fluid pressure. Furthermore, a relationship of the damping ratio, the kinematic viscosity, and the natural frequency of the acoustic modes has been detected.

Experimental Damping Behavior of Strongly Coupled Structure and Acoustic Modes of a Rotating Disk With Side Cavities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Botond Barabas ◽  
Friedrich-Karl Benra ◽  
Nico Petry ◽  
Dieter Brillert
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Structure Interaction ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Coupled Modes ◽  
Fluid Structure ◽  
Strongly Coupled ◽  
Structure Interaction ◽  
Acoustic Modes ◽  
Disk Structure ◽  
Damping Behavior ◽  
Weakly Coupled

Abstract High cycle fatigue is a continuous research topic within the turbomachine community. One field of the investigations is the fluid-structure interaction of 2-D impellers, which can be simplified as disks with their surrounding side cavities. In modern machines the pressure ratios tend to increase along with pressure fluctuations and the excitation potential on the impellers. The vibrational interactions between side cavities, filled with high pressure fluid, and the disk structure play an important role in machine design. However, they are not fully understood, yet. Vibrations at frequencies that have been uncritical at lower pressure levels could become critical at higher pressure levels. Additionally, coupling effects between fluid and structure are becoming stronger at higher fluid densities. For a safe and reliable design, the excitation and the damping mechanism of coupled modes has to be better understood. This paper summarizes the test rig setup and focuses on one of the main findings of an extensive experimental research project, which investigated the fluid-structure interaction of a disk with side cavities, at the University of Duisburg-Essen. The focus lays on the damping behavior of strongly coupled acoustic and structure modes. Measurement results gathered at the aeroacoustic test rig are presented. The results show the influence of fluid pressure variations on the damping behavior of acoustic modes. Therefore, the response functions of some selected acoustic modes are evaluated with the half-width method. Compared to the weakly coupled structure mode, the damping of the strongly coupled structure mode is some orders higher at atmospheric pressure conditions. The damping ratio decreases with an increasing pressure level, however still remains some orders higher, than the damping of weakly coupled structure modes.

Calculation of Coupled Modes for Vibro-Acoustic Problems

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 1691-1696
Author(s):  
M. Beldi ◽  
Z. Lamia
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Eigenvalue Problem ◽  
Numerical Method ◽  
Stiffness Matrix ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Singular Matrix ◽  
Coupled Modes ◽  
Acoustic Modes ◽  
Change Of Variable

A new numerical method for the study of elasto-acoustic structures coupled with fluid-filled cavities has been developed. This method essentially consists of solving the eigenvalue problem for the determination of elasto-acoustic modes. The Numerical methods commonly used for its resolution is based on the mass coupling. However, this approach requires for it is resolution the inversion of a singular matrix, "the stiffness matrix of the fluid". We then propose a new numerical method based on stiffness coupling by using modal superposition techniques through a change of variable which shows a symmetric and regular problem in terms of displacement of the elastic structure and in terms of fluid pressure in the cavity.

scholarly journals Investigations on the Blade Vibration of a Radial Inflow Micro Gas Turbine Wheel

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijie Guo
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Pressure Fluctuations ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Coupled Modes ◽  
Blade Vibration ◽  
Turbine Wheel ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine

This paper demonstrates the investigations on the blade vibration of a radial inflow micro gas turbine wheel. Firstly, the dependence of Young's modulus on temperature was measured since it is a major concern in structure analysis. It is demonstrated that Young's modulus depends on temperature greatly and the dependence should be considered in vibration analysis, but the temperature gradient from the leading edge to the trailing edge of a blade can be ignored by applying the mean temperature. Secondly, turbine blades suffer many excitations during operation, such as pressure fluctuations (unsteady aerodynamic forces), torque fluctuations, and so forth. Meanwhile, they have many kinds of vibration modes, typical ones being blade-hub (disk) coupled modes and blade-shaft (torsional, longitudinal) coupled modes. Model experiments and FEM analysis were conducted to study the coupled vibrations and to identify the modes which are more likely to be excited. The results show that torque fluctuations and uniform pressure fluctuations are more likely to excite resonance of blade-shaft (torsional, longitudinal) coupled modes. Impact excitations and propagating pressure fluctuations are more likely to excite blade-hub (disk) coupled modes.

Optimization of blade high-pressure edge to reduce pressure fluctuations in pump-turbine hump region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deyou Li ◽  
Yonglin Qin ◽  
Jianpeng Wang ◽  
Yutong Zhu ◽  
Hongjie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Pressure Fluctuations ◽  
Pump Turbine

scholarly journals On Damping and Fluidelastic Instability in a Tube Bundle Subjected to Two-Phase Cross-Flow

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquin E. Moran ◽  
David S. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Flow Regime ◽  
Void Fraction ◽  
Tube Bundle ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Pressure Fluctuations ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Fluidelastic Instability

An experimental study was conducted to investigate damping and fluidelastic instability in tube arrays subjected to two-phase cross-flow. The purpose of this research was to improve our understanding of these phenomena and how they are affected by void fraction and flow regime. The working fluid used was Freon 11, which better models steam-water than air-water mixtures in terms of vapour-liquid mass ratio as well as permitting phase changes due to pressure fluctuations. The damping measurements were obtained by “plucking” the monitored tube from outside the test section using electromagnets. An exponential function was fitted to the tube decay trace, producing consistent damping measurements and minimizing the effect of frequency shifting due to fluid added mass fluctuations. The void fraction was measured using a gamma densitometer, introducing an improvement over the Homogeneous Equilibrium Model (HEM) in terms of density and velocity predictions. It was found that the Capillary number, when combined with the two-phase damping ratio (interfacial damping), shows a well defined behaviour depending on the flow regime. This observation can be used to develop a better methodology to normalize damping results. The fluidelastic results agree with previously presented data when analyzed using the HEM and the half-power bandwidth method. The interfacial velocity is suggested for fluidelastic studies due to its capability for collapsing the fluidelastic data. The interfacial damping was introduced as a tool to include the effects of flow regime into the stability maps.

Spinning Behaviour of Diametral Acoustic Modes in Deep Axisymmetric Cavities With Chamfered Edges

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Barannyk ◽  
Peter Oshkai
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Fluctuations ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Pronounced Change ◽  
Axisymmetric Cavity ◽  
Acoustic Modes ◽  
Splitter Plates ◽  
Flow Oscillations ◽  
Axisymmetric Cavities ◽  
Spinning Behaviour ◽  
Stationary Behaviour

Spinning behaviour of diametral acoustic modes associated with self-sustained flow oscillations in a deep, axisymmetric cavity located in a long pipeline was investigated experimentally. High-amplitude pressure fluctuations resulted from the excitation of the diametral acoustic modes by the fully-turbulent flow in the pipeline. The unsteady pressure was measured at three equally spaced azimuthal locations at the bottom of the cavity. This arrangement allowed calculation of the azimuthal orientation of the acoustic modes, which were classified as stationary, partially spinning or spinning. Introduction of shallow chamfers to the upstream and the downstream edges of the cavity resulted in changes of azimuthal orientation and spinning behaviour of the acoustic modes. In addition, introduction of splitter plates in the cavity led to pronounced change in the spatial orientation and the spinning behaviour of the acoustic modes. The short splitter plates changed the behaviour of the dominant acoustic modes from partially spinning to stationary, while the long splitter plates enforced the stationary behaviour across all resonant acoustic modes.

Analysis of Traction Characteristics of Grease-Lubricated Sliding Bearing

2013 ◽  
Vol 655-657 ◽  
pp. 640-643
Author(s):  
Bo Yuan Yang ◽  
Xiaofan Yan ◽  
Bing Su
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Extreme Pressure ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Sliding Bearing ◽  
Traction Coefficient ◽  
Lubrication Effect ◽  
Lubricated Sliding

Adopting the test rig of traction characteristics of grease-lubricated sliding bearing, the practical condition of sliding bearing was simulated and the traction coefficient of DGG Grease under different temperature, velocity and load was tested. Besides, the traction characteristics of the grease were also elaborated. The results indicate that the traction coefficient increases when the temperature gradually rises from room temperature while it gradually decreases when the temperature exceeds 85°C. Under the condition of high temperature and high pressure, the extreme pressure additive has obvious effects, the traction coefficient reducing and maintaining constant, so a better lubrication effect is realized.

Influence of Backward- and Forward-Facing Steps on the Flow Through a Turning Mid Turbine Frame

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Bauinger ◽  
Emil Goettlich ◽  
Franz Heitmeir ◽  
Franz Malzacher
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Total Pressure ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Test Setup ◽  
Aero Engine ◽  
Total Temperature ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Compact Design ◽  
Probe Measurements

For this work, reality effects, more precisely backward-facing steps (BFSs) and forward-facing steps (FFSs), and their influence on the flow through a two-stage two-spool turbine rig under engine-relevant conditions were experimentally investigated. The test rig consists of an high pressure (HP) and an low pressure (LP) stage, with the two rotors rotating in opposite direction with two different rotational speeds. An S-shaped transition duct, which is equipped with turning struts (so-called turning mid turbine frame (TMTF)) and making therefore a LP stator redundant, connects both stages and leads the flow from a smaller to a larger diameter. This test setup allows the investigation of a TMTF deformation, which occurs in a real aero-engine due to non-uniform warming of the duct during operation—especially during run up—and causes BFSs and FFSs in the flow path. This happens for nonsegmented ducts, which are predominantly part of smaller engines. In the case of the test rig, steps were not generated by varying temperature but by shifting the TMTF in horizontal direction while the rotor and its casing were kept in the same position. In this way, both BFSs and FFSs between duct endwalls and rotor casing could be created. In order to avoid steps further downstream of the interface between HP rotor and TMTF, the complete aft rig was moved laterally too. In this case, the aft rig incorporates among others the LP rotor, the LP rotor casing, and the deswirler downstream of the LP stage. In order to catch the influence of the steps on the whole flow field, 360 deg rake traverses were performed downstream of the HP rotor, downstream of the duct, and downstream of the LP rotor with newly designed, laser-sintered combi-rakes for the measurement of total pressure and total temperature. Only the compact design of the rakes, which can be easily realized by additive manufacturing, makes the aforementioned 360 deg traverses in this test rig possible and allows a number of radial measurements positions, which is comparable to those of a five-hole probe. To get a more detailed information about the flow, also five-hole probe measurements were carried out in three measurement planes and compared to the results of the combi-rakes.

Labyrinth Seal and Pocket Damper Seal High Pressure Rotordynamic Test Data

2013 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Vannini ◽  
Stefano Cioncolini ◽  
Giuseppe Del Vescovo ◽  
Massimiliano Rovini
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Labyrinth Seal ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Speed Increase ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
Stiffness And Damping

The current centrifugal compressor design for the oil & gas market is more and more challenging, and the presence of many competitors is pushing technology towards both a casing size reduction and a rotational speed increase. The first point is leading to an increase in the number of wheels per rotor (to do the same service), and the second point is forcing to cross two or even three rotor modes (hence a higher control of rotor damping is necessary). The two points together are leading to increase the rotor “flexibility ratio” (defined as the ratio between the maximum continuous speed and the first critical speed at infinite support stiffness according to API standard, and finally the rotordynamic stability is very much challenged. The centrifugal compressor's rotordynamic stability is strongly related to the internal seals' dynamic behavior, and for this reason, the authors' company decided several years ago to develop internally a high pressure seal test rig to measure internal seals stiffness and damping. The rig is now in operation, and in a previous paper the authors described its main capabilities, the applied identification procedures, and the preliminary test results captured for a long labyrinth seal (smooth rotor, straight toothed stator) tested up to 200 bar. This paper is intended to show more data for the same long Laby with special focus on some peculiar test as negative preswirl test, single frequency versus multifrequency test, offset versus centered seal test. The negative preswirl test shows a drastic change in the effective damping (from destabilizing to stabilizing) and provides a support in favor of the selection of swirl reversal devices at seals upstream. The multifrequency excitation test approach (based on the concurrent presence of several frequencies not multiples at each other) is compared with a single frequency excitation providing similar results and thus confirming the soundness of the multiple effects linear superimposition assumption. The effect of a static offset (simulating the real position of a rotor inside an annular seal) is also investigated proving that the relevant impact is negligible within the range of eccentricity explored (10% of seal clearance). Moreover, a pocket damper seal (PDS) with the same nominal diameter, clearance, and effective length has been tested (up to 300 bar) and compared with the Laby. As expected, the PDS shows both a higher effective stiffness and damping at the same test conditions, so the promising results already collected in a previous test campaign which was performed on a smaller scale and lower pressure test rig were mostly confirmed with the only exception for the effective damping crossover frequency which was lower than expected.

A Novel Test Rig Using Air for Investigation of Vibration and Interaction of Two Steam Turbine Control Valves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Wallat ◽  
Stefan Preibisch ◽  
Matthias Strauch ◽  
Dieter Brillert
Keyword(s):  
Material Selection ◽  
Pressure Fluctuations ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Valve Seat ◽  
Scaling Method ◽  
Control Valves ◽  
Parallel Control ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The governing of steam turbines is often realised by a set of two or more valves, which control the amount of steam entering the turbine. During part-load operation forces caused by pressure fluctuations, turbulence etc. are acting on the throttling valve and lead to spindle vibrations. Besides these mechanisms, it is assumed that there is also an interaction between the control valves, which leads to another source of vibration. In this paper, the design of a new test rig using air with two parallel control valves is presented. One aspect of the design is the chosen scaling method, which includes material selection for the valve spindle, and ensures comparability and transferability of the vibrational behaviour to the full scale with steam. Another aspect is the selection of measurement equipment. The results show that the reasons for valve vibrations can be located both upstream and downstream of the valve seat. Forces caused by pressure fluctuations in and behind the valve gap lead to similar oscillations at both valves. In addition, the upstream valve causes disturbances that lead to partly differing behaviour of the second valve.

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