De Novo VOC From Regenerative Thermal Oxidizers

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Martin ◽  
Jeff D. Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Theoretical Treatment ◽  
Destruction Efficiency ◽  
Organic Solid ◽  
Collection Device ◽  
Ceramic Packing ◽  
High Flows ◽  
Organic Particles

Regenerative thermal oxidizers are used extensively for the abatement of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from process vent streams. Due to the unique heat storage and convection properties of the ceramic packing utilized, they are especially well suited for applications with high flows and dilute concentrations of organic vapors. However, packed-bed devices such as these are known to be vulnerable to interstitial plugging when processing vent streams that contain particulate matter in addition to the VOC. In this paper, the authors postulate a new failure mode that involves relatively small concentrations of organic solids in the vent stream, and that may lead to serious performance deficiencies long before interstitial plugging becomes problematic. Specifically, we assert that “De Novo VOC” can be generated from organic particulate matter that adheres temporarily to the bed and is revaporized when the flow is reversed, causing a significant decrease in the apparent destruction efficiency of the abatement device. In this theoretical treatment, the spatial and temporal response of a hypothetical thermal bed is compared against the phase-change and combustion characteristics of a common organic solid, in order to estimate particle loading levels that may pose immediate compliance problems for users of these systems. Although experimental data are not available to corroborate the conclusions reached herein, the authors contend that routine carryover of small amounts of organic particles from a collection device (e.g., baghouse) to the thermal destruction system can create high exhaust VOC levels, and may eventually lead to hostile fires in the beds. As a means of mitigating against such failures, the authors recommend that an inlet particulate loading limit be implemented for all regenerative thermal oxidizer installations.

scholarly journals High concentrations of coarse particles emitted from a cattle feeding operation

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 8809-8823 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hiranuma ◽  
S. D. Brooks ◽  
J. Gramann ◽  
B. W. Auvermann
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
The United States ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Cattle Feeding ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Organic Particles

Abstract. Housing roughly 10 million head of cattle in the United States alone, open air cattle feedlots represent a significant but poorly constrained source of atmospheric particles. Here we present a comprehensive characterization of physical and chemical properties of particles emitted from a large representative cattle feedlot in the Southwest United States. In the summer of 2008, measurements and samplings were conducted at the upwind and downwind edges of the facility. A series of far-field measurements and samplings was also conducted 3.5 km north of the facility. Two instruments, a GRIMM Sequential Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) and a GRIMM Portable Aerosol Spectrometer (PAS), were used to measure particle size distributions over the range of 0.01 to 25 μm diameter. Raman microspectroscopy was used to determine the chemical composition of particles on a single particle basis. Volume size distributions of dust were dominated by coarse mode particles. Twenty-four hour averaged concentrations of PM10 (particulate matter with a diameter of 10 μm or less) were as high as 1200 μg m−3 during the campaign. The primary constituents of the particulate matter were carbonaceous materials, such as humic acid, water soluble organics, and less soluble fatty acids, including stearic acid and tristearin. A significant fraction of the organic particles was present in internal mixtures with salts. Basic characteristics such as size distribution and composition of agricultural aerosols were found to be different than the properties of those found in urban and semi-urban aerosols. Failing to account for such differences may lead to errors in estimates of aerosol effects on local air quality, visibility, and public health.

A simple method to quantify sources of settling particles in lakes: Resuspension versus new sedimentation of material from planktonic production

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
GA Weyhenmeyer ◽  
M Meili ◽  
DC Pierson
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Sediment Resuspension ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Lake Surface Area ◽  
Annual Means ◽  
Organic Particles ◽  
Different Sources

A strong relationship (r > 0.99) between settling particulate inorganic matter (SPIM) and total settling particulate matter (SPM) was observed in 315 samples from sedimentation traps in two Swedish lakes, Lake Erken and Lake Limmaren. This relationship can be used to distinguish between different sources of SPM in pelagic systems when the inflow of allochthonous particulate matter is negligible. It is possible to quantify the proportion of material from planktonic production as well as from sediment resuspension in the flux of settling or suspended particulate matter. Furthermore, fluxes of resuspended organic particles can be quantified and distinguished from fluxes of planktonic organic particles. Although Lake Erken and Lake Limmaren are quite different with respect to trophic level, lake surface area and water depth, the estimated proportion of resuspended particles in sedimentation traps was similar in both lakes. Resuspended particulate matter ranged from 35% of the total settling particulate matter up to 99%, with annual means of 83-94%. Moreover, for both lakes it was estimated that, even in epilimnetic traps, only 2046% (annual means) of the total organic settling particulate matter was from planktonic production, whereas 54-80% (annual means) was from sediment resuspension. This is likely to have important consequences for fluxes of nutrients and contaminants.

Drift patterns of particulate matter and organisms during artificial high flows in a large experimental channel

Limnology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoko Mochizuki ◽  
Yuichi Kayaba ◽  
Kazumi Tanida
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Experimental Channel ◽  
High Flows

scholarly journals Organic Particles Affect Carbon Cycling in Boreal Waters

Eos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Sidder
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Organic Particles

Dissolved organic carbon receives much of the focus in aquatic research, but a new study suggests that bulkier particulate matter may play a significant role in regulating carbon dioxide emissions.

scholarly journals Molecular Composition of Particulate Matter Emissions from Dung and Brushwood Burning Household Cookstoves in Haryana, India

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren T. Fleming ◽  
Peng Lin ◽  
Alexander Laskin ◽  
Julia Laskin ◽  
Robert Weltman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Molecular Composition ◽  
High Resolution Mass ◽  
Organic Particles ◽  
Resolution Mass ◽  
Pm2.5 Emissions

Abstract. Emissions of airborne particles from biomass-burning are a significant source of black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) in rural areas of developing countries where biomass is the predominant energy source for cooking and heating. This study explores the molecular composition of organic particles from household cooking emissions, with a focus on identifying fuel-specific compounds and BrC chromophores. Traditional meals were prepared by a local cook with dung and brushwood-fueled cookstoves in a village of Palwal district, Haryana, India. The cooking events were carried out in a village kitchen while controlling for variables including stove type, fuel moisture content, and meal. The particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions were collected on filters, and then analyzed via nanospray desorption electrospray ionization/high resolution mass spectrometry (nano-DESI-HRMS) and high performance liquid chromatography/photodiode array/high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-HRMS) techniques. The nano-DESI-HRMS analysis provided an inventory of compounds present in the particle phase. Although several compounds observed in this study have been previously characterized using gas chromatography methods, a majority of species in nano-DESI spectra were newly observed biomass-burning compounds. Both the stove (chulha or angithi) and the fuel (brushwood or dung) affected the composition of organic particles. The geometric mean PM2.5 emissions factor and the molecular complexity of PM2.5 emissions increased in the following order: brushwood/chulha (4.9 ± 1.7 g kg-1 dry fuel, 93 compounds), dung/chulha (12.3 ± 2.5 g kg-1 dry fuel, 212 compounds), and dung/angithi (16.7 ± 6.7 g kg-1 dry fuel, 262 compounds). The lower limit for the mass absorption coefficient (MAC) at 365 nm and 405 nm for brushwood PM2.5 was 3.4 m2 g-1 and 1.8 m2 g-1, respectively, which was approximately a factor of two higher than that for dung PM2.5. The HPLC-PDA-HRMS analysis showed that, regardless of fuel type, the main chromophores were CxHyOz lignin fragments. The main chromophores accounting for the higher MAC values of brushwood PM2.5 were C8H10O3 (tentatively assigned syringol), possible nitrophenol species C8H9NO4, and C10H10O3 (tentatively assigned methoxycinnamic acid).

Contribution of suspended particulate matter and zooplankton to MeHg contamination of the food chain in midnorthern Quebec (Canada) reservoirs

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Plourde ◽  
M Lucotte ◽  
P Pichet
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Methyl Mercury ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Flooded Soils ◽  
Natural Lakes ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Organic Particles

Suspended particulate matter (SPM) retained by continuous-flow centrifugation, suspended matter of 20-150 mu m diameter, and zooplankton exceeding 150 mu m were sampled in the LG-2 and LA-1 reservoirs and in four natural lakes in northern Quebec during June, August, and September 1992 and 1993. Inorganic Hg concentrations in the three compartments did not differ significantly between the reservoirs and natural lakes, but methyl mercury (MeHg) concentrations in SPM (mean of 0.05 ppm) and zooplankton (up to 0.84 ppm) from LG-2 were 7 and 5 times higher, respectively, than in the natural lakes. The MeHg bioamplification factors between SPM and zooplankton ranged from 4 to 9 in the reservoirs and natural lakes. MeHg concentrations in SPM reached a maximum during August and were positively correlated with organic matter content. High MeHg concentrations were observed in the SPM and zooplankton sampled in August in a small impoundment separated from LA-1 by the LA-40 dike, which had been flooded for about 1 year. These data suggest that methylation and transfer of MeHg from flooded soils to SPM and zooplankton are rapidly accomplished. The process involves the bioaccumulation of MeHg by phytoplankton and (or) the ingestion of suspended soil-derived organic particles by zooplankton.

scholarly journals Air pollution-derived particulate matter dysregulates hepatic Krebs cycle, glucose and lipid metabolism in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermes Reyes-Caballero ◽  
Xiaoquan Rao ◽  
Qiushi Sun ◽  
Marc O. Warmoes ◽  
Penghui Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Krebs Cycle ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Air Particulate ◽  
Krebs Cycle Intermediates ◽  
Pollution Exposure

AbstractExposure to ambient air particulate matter (PM2.5) is well established as a risk factor for cardiovascular and pulmonary disease. Both epidemiologic and controlled exposure studies in humans and animals have demonstrated an association between air pollution exposure and metabolic disorders such as diabetes. Given the central role of the liver in peripheral glucose homeostasis, we exposed mice to filtered air or PM2.5 for 16 weeks and examined its effect on hepatic metabolic pathways using stable isotope resolved metabolomics (SIRM) following a bolus of 13C6-glucose. Livers were analyzed for the incorporation of 13C into different metabolic pools by IC-FTMS or GC-MS. The relative abundance of 13C-glycolytic intermediates was reduced, suggesting attenuated glycolysis, a feature found in diabetes. Decreased 13C-Krebs cycle intermediates suggested that PM2.5 exposure led to a reduction in the Krebs cycle capacity. In contrast to decreased glycolysis, we observed an increase in the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway and 13C incorporations suggestive of enhanced capacity for the de novo synthesis of fatty acids. To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to examine 13C6-glucose utilization in the liver following PM2.5 exposure, prior to the onset of insulin resistance (IR).

Decomposition of Toluene, o-Xylene, Trichloroethylene, and Their Mixture Using a BaTiO3 Packed-Bed Plasma Reactor

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Yamamoto ◽  
Jen-Shih Chang ◽  
Alex A Berezin ◽  
Hitoshi Kohno ◽  
Shigeo Honda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Nonthermal Plasma ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Destruction Efficiency ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Reactor Operating ◽  
Reactant Conversion ◽  
Plasma Technologies

AbstractNonthermal plasma technologies offer an innovative approach to the problem of decomposing various volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We focused on an AC-energized ferroelectric packed-bed plasma reactor to study the decomposition/destruction efficiency and byproduct analysis for toluene, o-xylene, trichloroethylene, and their mixture from 50 to 230 ppm in dry air. The effects of gas flow rate, concentration, moisture content, and reactor operating conditions on the decomposition and analysis of reactant conversion for each VOC were investigated for suitable applications of the emerging technology. Laboratory-scale packed-bed plasma technology was successfully demonstrated for the application of VOC control in semiconductor clean room environments.

scholarly journals Characterization of submicron organic particles in Beijing during summertime: comparison between SP-AMS and HR-AMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 14091-14102
Author(s):  
Junfeng Wang ◽  
Jianhuai Ye ◽  
Dantong Liu ◽  
Yangzhou Wu ◽  
Jian Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Aerosol Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Unique Factor ◽  
Organic Particles ◽  
Beijing China

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) particles in Beijing summer haze play an important role in the regional radiation balance and related environmental processes. Understanding the factors that lead to variability of the impacts of BC remains limited. Here, we present observations by a soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) of BC-containing submicron particulate matter (BC−PM1) in Beijing, China, during summer 2017. These observations were compared to concurrently measured total non-refractory submicron particulate matter (NR−PM1) by a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-AMS). Distinct properties were observed between NR−PM1 and BC−PM1 relevant to organic aerosol (OA) composition. Hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) in BC−PM1 was found to be up to 2-fold higher than that in NR−PM1 in fresh vehicle emissions, suggesting that a part of HOA in BC−PM1 may be overestimated, likely due to the change of collection efficiency of SP-AMS. Cooking-related OA was only identified in NR−PM1, whereas aged biomass burning OA (A-BBOA) was a unique factor only identified in BC−PM1. The A-BBOA was linked to heavily coated BC, which may lead to enhancement of the light absorption ability of BC by a factor of 2 via the “lensing effect”. More-oxidized oxygenated OA identified in BC-containing particles was found to be slightly different from that observed by HR-AMS, mainly due to the influence of A-BBOA. Overall, these findings highlight that BC in urban Beijing is partially of agricultural fire origin and that a unique biomass-burning-related OA associated with BC may be ubiquitous in aged BC−PM1, and this OA may play a role in affecting air quality and climate that has not previously been fully considered.

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