Performance Testing of 5cc Glow-Ignition Four-Stroke Engine

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshinori Ogawa ◽  
Yasuo Kawaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Ignition System ◽  
Stroke Engine

Although portable electric devices have become increasingly sophisticated and compact, the amount of energy required for their operation has increased and device performance may be restrained by the energy source in the near future. A small power source is also needed for mobile robots for home usage. Small, portable distributed power sources with higher energy density than the conventional battery are required. Since the energy density of hydrocarbon or hydrogen fuel is quite high compared to the battery, combustion micro engines that use these fuels are promising for this purpose. In this research, we focused on the small glow-ignition engine developed for model airplanes. Since the glow engine does not require an auxiliary electric circuit for ignition, it is suitable for lightweight miniature engines. However, unlike the spark-ignition engine, there is no equipment that controls the ignition timing. In the glow-ignition system, heat is supplied by the following three methods for ignition of the air-fuel mixture: (1) Heat produced from the compression of the air-fuel mixture; (2) Heat remaining in the element from the last explosion; and (3) Heat produced by the catalytic action of an ignition element. In such an ignition system, the combustion state may differ between cycles. In order to clarify the combustion process, a miniature pressure sensor was built into the cylinder head, and pressure fluctuation was measured. Analysis was conducted to detect cycle-to-cycle variation. The base engine used was a commercial glow-ignition four-stroke engine with a swept volume of 4.89 cc. This is a high-speed engine with a maximum engine speed exceeding 14,000 rpm. Although the nominal output was 368 W, the value measured by this research was much lower. Fuel consumption was measured by placing a fuel tank on an electronic balance. The fuel used for the experiment consisted of mainly methanol, nitromethane, and lubricant. Weight ratio of these components and air/fuel ratio were changed independently, and the effect on the combustion pressure was evaluated.

scholarly journals Research on combustion process of gasoline homogenous charge compression ignition engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Corneliu Cofaru ◽  
Mihaela Virginia Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition

The paper presents the research designed to develop a HCCI (Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition) engine starting from a spark ignition engine platform. The chosen test engine was a single cylinder, four strokes provided with a carburettor. The results of experimental research data obtained on this version were used as a baseline for the next phase of the research. In order to obtain the HCCI configuration, the engine was modified, as follows: the compression ratio was increased from 9.7 to 11.5 to ensure that the air – fuel mixture auto-ignite and to improve the engine efficiency; the carburettor was replaced by a direct fuel injection system in order to control precisely the fuel mass per cycle taking into account the measured intake air-mass; the valves shape were modified to provide a safety engine operation by ensuring the provision of sufficient clearance beetween the valve and the piston; the exchange gas system was changed from fixed timing to variable valve timing to have the possibilities of modification of quantities of trapped burnt gases. The cylinder processes were simulated on virtual model. The experimental research works were focused on determining the parameters which control the combustion timing of HCCI engine to obtain the best energetic and ecologic parameters.

Combustion in a high-speed rotary valve spark-ignition engine

2007 ◽  
Vol 221 (8) ◽  
pp. 971-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
P H P Chow ◽  
H C Watson ◽  
T Wallis
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Rotary Valve ◽  
Combustion Simulation ◽  
Parametric Effects ◽  
Sensitivity Studies ◽  
Valve Engine ◽  
Data Sensitivity

The current paper describes a study of combustion in the Bishop rotary valve engine by means of computation simulations. The combustion model was developed for this research at speeds up to 18 000 r/min and the results from the simulation were compared with experimental data. Sensitivity studies were performed in order to investigate the parametric effects on the combustion simulation of the engine. The major finding of this study was that convection of the flame kernels occurs and has a strong influence on the performance of the engine. The results indicated some insights as to how the combustion process of the engine can be improved.

scholarly journals Effect of Sisal Nanoparticles on Single Cylinder Spark Ignition Engine Combustion

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1027-1032
Keyword(s):  
Flame Propagation ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Engine Combustion ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Propagation Velocities

Turbulence is an important parameter to be considered for effective combustion inside a cylinder. Heat transfer inside the cylinder affects the combustion process. Insufficient turbulence leads to incomplete combustion, resulting in pollution. Effective flame propagation leads to higher combustion rates in SI engines which in turn requires enough turbulence. Effective combustion efficiency can be achieved through higher flame propagation velocities. In the present work an attempt has been made to enhance the turbulence inside the cylinder of a single cylinder spark ignition engine by injecting solid nanoparticles into the air fuel mixture.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Combustible Species for 4-stroke Otto Cycle Combustion Motor and 6-stroke MUB-2 Cycle Combustion Motor with Fuel Pertamax

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dedi Nurdiansyah ◽  
Sudjito Soeparman ◽  
Eko Siswanto
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Otto Cycle ◽  
Combustion Duration ◽  
Co2 Levels ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Crankshaft Rotation ◽  
Stroke Engine

This paper describes the ratio of levels of combustible species (CO, HC, CO2 and lambda) of a four-cycle otto motor with a six-stroke MUB-2 motor with additional combustion duration and two working steps. The increase in combustion duration aims to re-burn combustible species that have not been completely burned in the first combustion. This study used a 4 stroke motor with a capacity of 125 cc and then modified it into a 6 stroke motorbike with twice the duration of combustion. The observed local atmospheric conditions at a relative humidity of about 76% rH, and the ambient temperature and pressure were around 24 ° C and 101.32kPa, respectively. The implementation of data retrieval with crankshaft rotation at intervals of 600 rpm from 2400 rpm to 7200 rpm.Using an anlyser gas, the MUB-2 six-stroke engine showed 12.36% CO levels, 27.30% HC levels, 30.8 CO2 levels % and 1.7% lower lambda than conventional four-stroke engines. This means that in the 6 stroke MUB-2 motor, the combustion process of the air and fuel mixture is more perfect than the conventional 4 stroke motor.

Investigation of Cycle-to-Cycle Variation of In-Cylinder Engine Swirl Flow Fields Using Quadruple Proper Orthogonal Decomposition

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Penghui Ge ◽  
David L. S. Hung
Keyword(s):  
Proper Orthogonal Decomposition ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Propagation Speed ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Flow Fields ◽  
Swirl Flow ◽  
Orthogonal Decomposition ◽  
Proper Orthogonal

It has been observed that the swirl characteristics of in-cylinder air flow in a spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) engine affect the fuel spray dispersion and flame propagation speed, impacting the fuel mixture formation and combustion process under high swirl conditions. In addition, the cycle-to-cycle variations (CCVs) of swirl flow often degrade the air–fuel mixing and combustion quality in the cylinder. In this study, the 2D flow structure along a swirl plane at 30 mm below the injector tip was recorded using high-speed particle image velocimetry (PIV) in a four-valve optical SIDI engine under high swirl condition. Quadruple proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) was used to investigate the cycle-to-cycle variations of 200 consecutive cycles. The flow fields were analyzed by dividing the swirl plane into four zones along the measured swirl plane according to the positions of intake and exhaust valves in the cylinder head. Experimental results revealed that the coefficient of variation (COV) of the quadruple POD mode coefficients could be used to estimate the cycle-to-cycle variations at a specific crank angle. The dominant structure was represented by the first POD mode in which its kinetic energy could be correlated with the motions of the intake valves. Moreover, higher order flow variations were closely related to the flow stability at different zones. In summary, quadruple POD provides another meaningful way to understand the intake swirl impact on the cycle-to-cycle variations of the in-cylinder flow characteristics in SIDI engine.

scholarly journals Analysis of Air Flow, Air and Fuel Induction for Internal Combustion Engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Fitri Arshad ◽  
◽  
Muhammad Faris Ahmad ◽  
Amir Khalid ◽  
Izuan Amin Ishak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Rotating Flow

In an internal combustion engine, performance, efficiency and emission formation depends on the formation of air-fuel mixture inside the engine cylinder. The fluid flow dynamics plays an important role for air-fuel mixture preparation to obtain the better engine combustion, performance and efficiency. This review article discuss the rotating flow (swirl and tumble) in premixed spark-ignition engine and its effect on turbulence generation and flame propagation. Rotating flow can substantially increase turbulence intensity for the duration of the combustion period. This review paper discusses the in-cylinder swirl and tumble flow that affects air induction during the combustion process in internal combustion engine. Alternatively, this study using computer simulation (Computational Fluid Dynamic, CFD) which offer the opportunity to carry out repetitive parameter studies. An integration-type flowmeter (IFM) also has been used which consists of ultrasonic flowmeter, that integrates the flowrate during the intake process, gives accurate measurements regardless of sampling time and frequency. Research parameter in this study was swirl and tumble that represents the fluid flow behavior occurred inside combustion chamber. Fuel injection and air mass also were the important parameters that have been discussed about in air induction process. The results obtain from the numerical analysis can be employed to examine the homogeneity of air-fuel mixture structure for better combustion process and engine performance.

Localization and reduction of accident consequences during deflagration and explosion

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Леонид Петрович Вогман ◽  
Иван Ардашевич Болодьян ◽  
Евгений Николаевич Простов ◽  
Дмитрий Александрович Бритиков
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Gas Dynamic

Ранее нами был рассмотрен вопрос о целесообразности более четкой дифференциации процессов горения горючих газо-, паро- и пылевоздушных смесей по показателям горения и критериям, характеризующим последствия аварий, сопровождающихся пожарами и взрывами, также было введено понятие «повышенная дефлаграция» («хлопк»). Такой подход может способствовать устранению коллизий в вопросах определения последствий аварий на объектах защиты, а также исключению различных толкований применимости как для промышленных объектов, так и для жилых зданий мероприятий по обеспечению их пожаровзрывобезопасности. В настоящей работе поставлена обратная задача: исследование закономерностей локализации роста давления при взрыве до критически приемлемых значений, представление средств и способов достижения минимизации последствий аварий и взрывов в зданиях и помещениях. In previously published work there was considered the question of reasonability of differentiation of the combustion processes of combustible mixtures according to combustion parameters and criteria characterizing the accident consequences of involving fires and explosions. The concept of enhanced deflagration (clap) was introduced. Such approach can help to eliminate conflicts in determining the accident consequences at objects of protection, as well as to exclude different interpretations of the applicability of fire and explosion safety measures for both industrial facilities and residential buildings. The task of this paper is to study the regularities of localization of pressure growth during an explosion to critically acceptable values, as well as to present the means and methods for achieving minimization of the accident consequences and explosions in buildings and premises. The flame spreads unevenly with acceleration or deceleration depending on the composition of the fuel mixture, gas dynamic conditions of combustion propagation and other factors. The combustion process intensification in closed volumes is caused by turbulization of the flame due to the influence of gas-dynamic disturbances of various nature on the flame front and is characterized by the coefficient of intensification or turbulization. Safety structures designed to prevent the propagation of explosive wave in a room are the following: glazing; easy-to-throw lightweight wall panels; lightweight coatings. The glazing is the most widely used as easy-to-throw structures both in housing and in industrial premises. The most practical and quite effective is the use of safety structures in the form of glazed window openings with design characteristics that reduce the excess pressure of the shock wave. These measures are not sufficient for industrial facilities. Such measures should include the following: space-planning and design solutions aimed at limiting the spread of fires and the consequences of explosions (for example, limiting the possibility of fire spread (explosion) to neighboring rooms and stairwells by installing vestibule locks); using equipment that prevents the spread of flames and combustion products along production lines; application of systems for combustion and explosion localization in equipment using high-speed devices, fire-prevention and check valves, fire barriers, means of supplying inert gases to it and to product pipelines, phlegmatizing additives or other technical means that prevent the formation of fire-explosive mixtures and their explosion in the presence of an initiation source; protection of equipment and industrial premises from destruction in explosion using explosion dischargers and easy-to-throw structures; use of equipment designed for explosion pressure.

Investigation of Cycle-to-Cycle Variation of In-Cylinder Engine Swirl Flow Fields Using Quadruple Proper Orthogonal Decomposition

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penghui Ge ◽  
David L. S. Hung
Keyword(s):  
Proper Orthogonal Decomposition ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Propagation Speed ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Flow Fields ◽  
Swirl Flow ◽  
Orthogonal Decomposition ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Proper Orthogonal

It has been observed that the swirl characteristics of in-cylinder air flow in a spark ignition direct-injection (SIDI) affect the fuel spray dispersion and flame propagation speed, impacting the fuel mixture formation and combustion process under higher conditions. In addition, the cycle-to-cycle variations of swirl flow often degrade the fuel spray mixing and combustion quality in the cylinder. In this study, the 2D flow structure along a swirl plane at 30 mm below the injector tip was recorded using high-speed particle image velocimetry in a four-valve optical SIDI engine under high swirl condition. Quadruple proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) was used to investigate the cycle-to-cycle variations of 200 consecutive cycles during the intake and compression strokes. The flow fields were analyzed by dividing the swirl plane into four zones along the measured swirl plane according to the positions of intake and exhaust valves in the cylinder head. Experimental results revealed that the coefficient of variation (COV) of the time coefficients of the quadruple POD mode coefficients could be used to estimate the cycle-to-cycle variations at a specific crank angle. The dominant structure was represented by the first POD mode in which its kinetic energy could be correlated with the motions of the intake valve. Moreover, the higher order flow variations were closely related to the flow stability at different zones. In summary, quadruple POD provides another meaningful way to understand the intake swirl impact on the cycle-to-cycle variations of the in-cylinder flow characteristics in SIDI engine.

scholarly journals The influence of the ignition control on the performance of an aircraft radial piston engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 177 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Jacek CZARNIGOWSKI ◽  
Piotr JAKLIŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Optimum Control ◽  
Ignition Timing ◽  
Piston Engine ◽  
Timing Control ◽  
Ignition System ◽  
Bench Tests ◽  
Maximum Reliability ◽  
Control Functional

Aircraft piston engines are built with compromise on performance and safety. The desire to achieve the highest power-to-weight ratio leads to the search for solutions that optimize the combustion process. On the other hand, the need for maximum reliability leads to the simplification of the design at the costs of performance. An example of such a compromise is the ignition system of the ASz-62IR engine. In this engine there is a double magneto ignition system with a fixed ignition advance angle. As part of the modernisation of this engine, an electronically controlled dual ignition system was developed, which allows for optimum control of the ignition advance angle in terms of power. This article discusses the results of bench tests of the ASZ-62IR-16X engine with fixed ignition timing and variable timing control. Functional parameters and toxicity of exhaust gases were analyzed.

scholarly journals BIOFUEL AND HYDROGEN INFLUENCE FOR OPERATION PARAMETERS OF SPARK IGNITION ENGINE / BIODEGALŲ IR VANDENILIO ĮTAKA KIBIRKŠTINIO UŽDEGIMO VARIKLIO VEIKIMO RODIKLIAMS

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 526-532
Author(s):  
Martynas Damaševičius ◽  
Alfredas Rimkus ◽  
Mindaugas Melaika ◽  
Jonas Matijošius
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Efficiency ◽  
Spark Timing ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Rate Of Heat Release ◽  
Ecological Parameters

Paper presents research of efficient and ecological parameters of gasoline engine working with biobuthanol (10% and 20% by volume) and addi-tionaly supplying oxygen and hydrogen (HHO) gas mixture (3.6 l/min), which was obtained from from water by electrolysis. Biobuthanol addition decreases rate of heat release, the combustion temperature and pressure are lower, which has an influence on lower nitrous oxide (NOx) emission in exhaust gases. However, biobuthanol increases carbon monoxide (CO) concentration. Biobuthanol fuel has a simplier molecular structure, therefore the concentration of HC in the exhaust gas is decreasing. Due to lower heating value of biobuthanol fuel and slower combustion process, the engine efficiency decreases and specific fuel consumptions increase. The change of engine energetical indicators due to biobuthanol, can be compensated with advanced ignition angle. Using experimental investigation, it was determined, that negative biobuthanol influence for the combustion process and engine efficient inicators can be compensated also by additional supplied HHO gas, in which the hydrogen element iprove fuel mixture com-bustion. Fuel combustion process analysis was carried out using AVL BOOST software. Experimental research and combustion process numerical simulation showed that using balanced biobuthanol and hydrogen addition, optimal efficient and ecological parameters could be achieved, when engine is working for petrol fuel typical optimal spark timing. Straipsnyje pateikiami kibirkštinio uždegimo variklio energinių ir ekologinių rodiklių tyrimo rezultatai, gauti varikliui veikiant benzino ir biobutanolio (10 % ir 20 % tūrio) mišiniais ir papildomai tiekiant elektrolizės būdu iš vandens išgautą deguonies ir vandenilio (HHO) dujų mišinį (3,6 l/min). Biobutanolio priedas mažina šilumos išsiskyrimo intensyvumą degimo metu, mažėja degimo temperatūra bei slėgis. Tai mažina azoto oksidų (NOx) koncentraciją, tačiau didina anglies viendeginio (CO) koncentraciją išmetamosiose dujose. Dėl paprastesnės biobutanolio molekulinės struktūros ne iki galo sudegusių angliavandenilių (CH) koncentracija deginiuose mažėja. Biobutanolis dėl mažes-nio šilumingumo ir lėtesnio degimo mažina variklio efektyvų sukimo momentą ir didina lyginamąsias degalų sąnaudas. Biobutano-lio paveiktus variklio energinius rodiklius galima iš dalies kompensuoti paankstinus uždegimo paskubos kampą. Eksperimentiniu tyrimu nustatyta, kad neigiamą biobutanolio priedo įtaką degalų degimo procesui ir variklio energiniams rodikliams galima kompensuoti papildomai tiekiant HHO dujas, kuriose esantis vandenilis greitina ir gerina degalų mišinių degimą. AVL BOOST programa atlikta degalų mišinių de-gimo proceso analizė. Įvertinus eksperimentinių tyrimų ir degimo proceso skaitinio modeliavimo rezultatus nustatyta, kad, naudojant sude-rintą biobutanolio ir vandenilio priedą, optimalūs energiniai ir ekologiniai rodikliai gali būti pasiekti varikliui veikiant benzinui optimaliu už-degimo paskubos kampu.

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