Optical Whispering-Gallery Mode Phenomenon as a Composite Sensor With Applications to Direct On-Chip Thermal Sensing

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Frenkel ◽  
Marlon Avellan ◽  
Zhixiong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Composite System ◽  
Whispering Gallery Mode ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Pressure Sensing ◽  
Whispering Gallery ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Thermal Sensing ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Wgm Resonators ◽  
Very High

Optical Whispering-Gallery Mode (WGM) resonators can be fabricated with very high quality factors allowing for their use as high resolution sensors in a myriad of fields ranging from quantum electro-dynamics (QED) to pressure sensing. In this paper, we focus on integrating WGM as a dynamic temperature measurement device. The WGM sensors are fabricated onto the heating element, instead of acting as an indirect temperature sensor, allowing for direct monitoring of an area of interest. An adaptation to the WGM theoretical model, to include the thermal expansion of the composite system, is discussed and analyzed.

Fine Temperature Measurement and Fabrication of On-Chip Whispering-Gallery Mode Micro-Sensors

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Frenkel ◽  
Marlon Avellan ◽  
Zhixiong Guo
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Whispering Gallery Mode ◽  
Heat Transfer Analysis ◽  
Fabrication Technique ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Whispering Gallery ◽  
Thermal Measurements ◽  
On Chip

Whispering-Gallery mode based optical micro-devices have been demonstrated to have extremely high sensitivity to changes in local temperature owing to their high quality factors and frequency-based measurements. In this paper, we first examine different fabrication techniques for integrating whispering-gallery mode sensors directly onto heating components to realize on-chip in-situ dynamic temperature measurements and monitoring. The merits and drawbacks of each fabrication technique are discussed. Then, the capability of the fabricated on-chip micro-sensors to perform precise real-time thermal measurements was tested, and the findings are discussed. Finally, the advantages of such on-chip sensors are established through heat transfer analysis.

scholarly journals Optical whispering-gallery mode barcodes for high-precision and wide-range temperature measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Liao ◽  
Lan Yang
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Whispering Gallery Mode ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Multiple Modes ◽  
Whispering Gallery ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Thermal Sensing

AbstractTemperature is one of the most fundamental physical properties to characterize various physical, chemical, and biological processes. Even a slight change in temperature could have an impact on the status or dynamics of a system. Thus, there is a great need for high-precision and large-dynamic-range temperature measurements. Conventional temperature sensors encounter difficulties in high-precision thermal sensing on the submicron scale. Recently, optical whispering-gallery mode (WGM) sensors have shown promise for many sensing applications, such as thermal sensing, magnetic detection, and biosensing. However, despite their superior sensitivity, the conventional sensing method for WGM resonators relies on tracking the changes in a single mode, which limits the dynamic range constrained by the laser source that has to be fine-tuned in a timely manner to follow the selected mode during the measurement. Moreover, we cannot derive the actual temperature from the spectrum directly but rather derive a relative temperature change. Here, we demonstrate an optical WGM barcode technique involving simultaneous monitoring of the patterns of multiple modes that can provide a direct temperature readout from the spectrum. The measurement relies on the patterns of multiple modes in the WGM spectrum instead of the changes of a particular mode. It can provide us with more information than the single-mode spectrum, such as the precise measurement of actual temperatures. Leveraging the high sensitivity of WGMs and eliminating the need to monitor particular modes, this work lays the foundation for developing a high-performance temperature sensor with not only superior sensitivity but also a broad dynamic range.

scholarly journals On-Chip Glass Microspherical Shell Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenchen Zhang ◽  
Alexander Cocking ◽  
Eugene Freeman ◽  
Zhiwen Liu ◽  
Srinivas Tadigadapa
Keyword(s):  
Whispering Gallery Mode ◽  
Whispering Gallery ◽  
On Chip

scholarly journals Wireless whispering-gallery-mode sensor for thermal sensing and aerial mapping

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyi Xu ◽  
Weijian Chen ◽  
Guangming Zhao ◽  
Yihang Li ◽  
Chenyang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whispering Gallery Mode ◽  
Whispering Gallery ◽  
Aerial Mapping ◽  
Thermal Sensing

On-chip single-mode high-Q terahertz whispering gallery mode resonator

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 2835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziwei Wang ◽  
Shixing Yuan ◽  
Gaoneng Dong ◽  
Ruolan Wang ◽  
Liao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Mode ◽  
Whispering Gallery Mode ◽  
High Q ◽  
Whispering Gallery ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Whispering Gallery Mode Resonator ◽  
Mode Resonator

scholarly journals Polymer Based Whispering Gallery Mode Humidity Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 2383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Petermann ◽  
Thomas Hildebrandt ◽  
Uwe Morgner ◽  
Bernhard Roth ◽  
Merve Meinhardt-Wollweber
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Humidity Sensor ◽  
Real Life ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Whispering Gallery Mode ◽  
Whispering Gallery ◽  
Humidity Measurements ◽  
Wgm Resonators

Whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators are versatile high sensitivity sensors, but applications regularly suffer from elaborate and expensive manufacturing and read-out. We have realized a simple and inexpensive concept for an all-polymer WGM sensor. Here, we evaluate its performance for relative humidity measurements demonstrating a sensitivity of 47 pm/% RH. Our results show the sensor concepts’ promising potential for use in real-life applications and environments.

scholarly journals Hybrid plasmonic–photonic whispering gallery mode resonators for sensing: a critical review

The Analyst ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Bozzola ◽  
Sara Perotto ◽  
Francesco De Angelis
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Optical Sensing ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Whispering Gallery Mode ◽  
The State ◽  
Whispering Gallery ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Wgm Resonators

In this review we present the state of the art and the most recent advances in the field of optical sensing with hybrid plasmonic–photonic whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators.

scholarly journals Advances in inorganic and hybrid perovskites for miniaturized lasers

Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2251-2272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengzheng Liu ◽  
Sihao Huang ◽  
Juan Du ◽  
Chunwei Wang ◽  
Yuxin Leng
Keyword(s):  
Carrier Lifetime ◽  
Optical Gain ◽  
Whispering Gallery Mode ◽  
Travelling Wave ◽  
Stimulated Emission ◽  
Narrow Linewidth ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Whispering Gallery ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
Fabry Perot

AbstractThe rapid advancement of perovskite-based optoelectronics devices has caught the world’s attention due to their outstanding properties, such as long carrier lifetime, low defect trap density, large absorption coefficient, narrow linewidth and high optical gain. Herein, the photonic lasing properties of perovskites are reviewed since the first stimulated emission of perovskites observed in 2014. The review is mainly focused on 3D structures based on their inherently active microcavities and externally passive microcavities of the perovskites. First, the fundamental properties in terms of crystal structure and optical characteristics of perovskites are reviewed. Then the perovskite lasers are classified into two sections based on the morphology features: the ability/inability to support lasing behaviors by themselves. Every section is further divided into two kinds of cavities according to the light reflection paths (Standing wave for the Fabry–Pérot cavity and travelling wave for the Whispering-Gallery-Mode cavity). The lasing performance involves fabrication methods, cavity sizes, thresholds, quality factors, pumping sources, etc. Finally, some challenges and prospects for perovskite lasers are given.

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