Experimentally Determined Port Discharge Coefficients From Large-Bore Reciprocating Engines

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Chapman ◽  
A. Keshavarz ◽  
Yuanhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Discharge Coefficients ◽  
Engine Cylinder ◽  
Emission Regulations ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
Power Outputs ◽  
Cylinder Liners ◽  
Stroke Cycle

This paper describes the collection and analysis of discharge coefficients from the ports of large-bore two-stroke cycle engines. The literature includes some information on discharge coefficients from very small ports. The literature was found to not include data collected from very large ports, such is in Cooper, Clark, and Worthington two-stroke cycle engines. The methodology was to construct and then use a flow bench that was sized for large-bore engine cylinder liners. The flow bench is designed to experimentally determine the discharge coefficients of large bore engine ports. The discharge coefficients are an integral part of determining the air flow rate through an engine, and in modeling and predicting the airflow through an engine system. This information can be used by designers to better match turbochargers and aftercoolers to engines. Large bore engine cylinders are typically are 35–56 cm (14–22 in.) in diameter, and have power outputs ranging 745–3730 kW (1,000–6,000 hp). In general, the majority of these engines were built in the 1940–1950’s. The importance of predicting the airflow rate through these engines has become paramount due to increasingly stringent EPA emission regulations. The data shows that there is a vast difference between the discharge coefficients of the three primary engines used in the natural gas industry.

Design and Construction of a Large Bore Engine Flow Bench to Experimentally Determine Port Discharge Coefficients for Better Prediction of Airflow

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirby S. Chapman ◽  
Traci L. Brentano ◽  
Dustin Malicke ◽  
Jacob Brown
Keyword(s):  
Airflow Rate ◽  
State University ◽  
Reciprocating Engine ◽  
Discharge Coefficients ◽  
Engine Cylinder ◽  
Emission Regulations ◽  
Engine System ◽  
Kansas State University ◽  
Power Outputs ◽  
Cylinder Flow

Abstract This paper describes the design and preliminary construction of a large bore engine cylinder flow bench. The flow bench is designed to experimentally determine the discharge coefficients of large bore engine ports and valves. The discharge coefficients are an integral part in modeling and predicting the airflow through an engine system. This information can be used by designers to better match turbochargers and intercoolers to engines, and can also provide critical information to enhance the accuracy of the Turbocharger-Reciprocating Engine Computer Simulation (T-RECS) that is currently under development at Kansas State University (KSU). Large bore engine cylinders are typically are 35–56 cm (14–22 in.) in diameter, and the engines they occupy have power outputs ranging 745–3730 kW (1000–6000 hp). In general, the majority of these engines were built in the 1940–1950’s. The importance of predicting the airflow rate through these engines has become paramount due to increasingly stringent EPA emission regulations.

Virtual Design of an Industrial, Large-Bore, Spark-Ignited, Natural Gas, Internal Combustion Engine for Reduction of Regulated Pollutant Emissions

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Etcheverry ◽  
Mark Patterson ◽  
Diana Grauer
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Virtual Design ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Reciprocating Engine ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
Stroke Cycle

The natural gas industry has long depended on large bore, two-stroke cycle, spark-ignited, gas-powered, reciprocating engines to move gas from the well to the pipeline and downstream. As regulations governing the pollutant emissions from these engines are tightened the industry is turning to the engine OEMs for a solution. The challenge of further reducing engine emissions is not a new task to the industry. However, as the requirements placed on the engines are further restricted, the technology required to achieve these goals becomes more advanced, along with the required tools and technology to create it. New predictive tools have been created and have become more powerful and capable as computer software and hardware becomes more advanced, enabling engineers to create more complex designs and to do so quickly and at lower cost, all of which may not have been possible previously. This paper investigates methods used in designing the Ajax 2800 series, which is a large bore, two-stroke cycle, gas-powered, reciprocating engine and the improvements in emissions that resulted from the application of these methods.. Solutions to overcoming the challenges encountered during the process will also be presented.

Finding Fault with the Nexus Pipeline? Agency Capture and the Public Good

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Kear
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Environmental Impact Statement ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fracturing Process ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
Regulatory Commission

Natural gas is an increasingly vital U.S. energy source that is presently being tapped and transported across state and international boundaries. Controversy engulfs natural gas, from the hydraulic fracturing process used to liberate it from massive, gas-laden Appalachian shale deposits, to the permitting and construction of new interstate pipelines bringing it to markets. This case explores the controversy flowing from the proposed 256-mile-long interstate Nexus pipeline transecting northern Ohio, southeastern Michigan and terminating at the Dawn Hub in Ontario, Canada. As the lead agency regulating and permitting interstate pipelines, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission is also tasked with mitigating environmental risks through the 1969 National Environmental Policy Act's Environmental Impact Statement process. Pipeline opponents assert that a captured federal agency ignores public and scientific input, inadequately addresses public health and safety risks, preempts local control, and wields eminent domain powers at the expense of landowners, cities, and everyone in the pipeline path. Proponents counter that pipelines are the safest means of transporting domestically abundant, cleaner burning, affordable gas to markets that will boost local and regional economies and serve the public good. Debates over what constitutes the public good are only one set in a long list of contentious issues including pipeline safety, proposed routes, property rights, public voice, and questions over the scientific and democratic validity of the Environmental Impact Statement process. The Nexus pipeline provides a sobering example that simple energy policy solutions and compromise are elusive—effectively fueling greater conflict as the natural gas industry booms.

Research on Industrial Integration between Electricity Industry and Natural Gas Industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 4304-4307
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhe Meng
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Electricity Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Industry Regulation ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
Regulation Reform

Industrial integration is the trend of the modern industrial economy. It is the result of the enterprises from competition to cooperation. Industry boundaries become blurring. And industries begin to integrate. With technological innovation, business integration, market integration, as well as industry regulation reform, electricity industry and natural gas industry is towards integration. The barriers between electricity industry and natural gas industry has been eliminated through knowledge sharing, mergers and acquisitions, market reform and regulation reform in developed countries. The energy industry in China will also be integration to improve national competitiveness.

Analysis of the Application of Blockchain Technology in the Field of Supply Chain Finance in the Natural Gas Industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianping Zhang ◽  
Fuping Wang ◽  
Yongsong Pu ◽  
Pu Li ◽  
Yingkai Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Supply Chain Finance ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
Financial Framework ◽  
Gas Supply

Abstract After China's supply chain finance business has gradually matured in the consumer finance field, it has begun to extend to the industrial finance field. As a branch of industrial finance, the natural gas industry supply chain finance business has gradually developed, and the number of participants has gradually increased. The article mainly introduces the development status of natural gas supply chain financial services in China. Research has found that there are still many problems in the current industry development, such as the inability of effective collaboration among participants, and the inability to unify logistics, information flow, capital flow and energy flow in the industry. On this basis, the article studies the methods of blockchain technology to solve corresponding problems, and proposes the application ideas of blockchain technology in the field of natural gas supply chain finance, hoping to promote development by constructing a business model business architecture and technical architecture, This model can produce significant economic and social benefits, has a high theoretical feasibility, but there is no concrete examples at present. Finally, suggestions are made in five aspects, including strengthening the design of top-level systems, incorporating energy flows into the supply chain financial framework system, creating an open innovation atmosphere, enhancing technological progress, strengthening core corporate social responsibility, and promoting core corporate organizational innovation.

Recommendations for selecting the characteristics of diamond bars when honing cylinder liners of internal combustion engines

2020 ◽  
pp. 492-498
Author(s):  
A.M. Kolokatov
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Cylinder ◽  
Processing Modes ◽  
Cylinder Liners

The characteristics of diamond bars when honing engine cylinder liners are analyzed and general recommendations are given for their selection and processing modes.

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