Oil Ring Design Influence on Lube Oil Consumption of SI Engines

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre´ Ferrarese ◽  
Fernando F. Rovai
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Ring Type ◽  
Full Load ◽  
Sealing Capacity ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Load Conditions

2-piece and 3-piece oil ring designs were tested in dynamometer and vehicles in order to evaluate the ring type influence on lube oil consumption of spark ignited (SI) engines. The dynamometer tests were executed according a typical durability cycle of SI engines. This cycle is predominantly in full load conditions. Under these conditions, 2-piece oil ring design showed lower lube oil consumption than 3-piece. Two different vehicle tests were also run: urban and mountain circuits. The purpose of the urban circuit test was to simulate the actual use of the engine. The mountain circuit was selected to verify the rings behavior under motoring conditions. In vehicle tests, 3-piece showed lower or equivalent oil consumption than 2 piece, which disagreed with the dynamometer tests. This difference can be explained by the better side sealing capacity of the 3-piece oil ring. On the other hand, 2-piece oil rings present better conformability, important for applications with larger bore distortion. So, the most appropriate application of oil ring type depends on the load and speed conditions, in which the engine would predominantly operate. Ring wear and thermal stability are compared using bench and vehicle tests.

scholarly journals Preparation and Thermal and Anti-UV Properties of Chitosan/Mica Copolymer

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yih-Sheng Huang ◽  
Sheng-Haur Yu ◽  
Yea-Ru Sheu ◽  
Kuo-Shien Huang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Sodium Bisulfite ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand

This experiment aims to produce a free radical while annoying the oxidizing-reducing reagent of the ammonium persulfate and the sodium bisulfite under nitrogen, then trigger copolymerization between modified-mica and chitosan to prepare a variety of copolymers. This experiment also aims to study the related properties of these copolymer materials. The experimental data shows that the copolymer has more thermal stability and better absorption of UV than chitosan. But the above physical properties will be less if the mica ratio in copolymer is more than 8%. On the other hand, the SEM photo of the microstructure also shows that the modified mica distributes homogeneously on the surface of the film of the copolymer.

The Homeric Talent, its Origin, Value, and Affinities

1887 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 133-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Ridgeway
Keyword(s):  
Precious Metals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primitive Form ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
The One

This paper is an endeavour to discover (1) the origin, (2) the value, and (3) the affinity of the Talent of the Homeric Poems to other systems. In those Poems we find two systems of denominating value, the one by the ox (or cow), or the value of an ox, the other by the talent (τάλαντον). The former is the one which has prevailed and does still prevail in barbaric communities, such as the Zulus, where the sole or principal wealth consists in herds and flocks. For several reasons we may assign to it priority in age as compared with the talent. For as it represents the most primitive form of exchange, the barter of one article of value for another, before the employment of the precious metals as a medium of exchange, consequently the estimation of values by the ox is older than that by a talent or ‘weight’ of gold, or silver, or copper. Again in Homer all values are expressed in so many beeves, e.g. (Il. vi. 236.)The talent on the other hand is only mentioned in relation to gold; for we never find any mention of a talent of silver. But the names of monetary units hold their ground long after they themselves have ceased to be in actual use, as we observe in such common expressions as ‘bet a guinea,’ or ‘worth a crown,’ although these coins themselves are no longer in circulation.

Studies on metal hydroxy compounds. VII. Thermal analyses of copper derivatives

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 2185-2190 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ramamurthy ◽  
E. A. Secco
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Hydroxy Compounds ◽  
Initial Mode

Copper basic halide compounds have been studied by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses. This study reveals the general pattern of thermal stability observed for cadmium and zinc basic halides.The initial mode of decomposition varied within the copper group. The iodides, bromides, and chlorides all decomposed via dehydroxylation and in this way resembled the Cd and Zn basic halides. The copper basic fluorides, on the other hand, decomposed by simultaneous dehydroxylation and dehydrofluorination which is in distinct contrast to the Cd and Zn basic fluorides.

Thermo-Economic Analysis of an Intercooled, Reheat and Recuperated Gas Turbine for Cogeneration Applications: Part II — Part-Load Operation

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bhargava ◽  
G. Negri di Montenegro ◽  
A. Peretto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Full Load ◽  
Performance Loss ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Load Conditions

The knowledge of off-design performance for a given gas turbine system is critical particularly in applications where considerable operation at low load setting is required. This information allows designers to ensure safe operation of the system and determine in advance thermo-economic penalty due to performance loss while operating under part-load conditions. In this paper, thermo-economic analysis results for the intercooled, reheat (ICRH) and recuperated gas turbine, at the part-load conditions in cogeneration applications, have been presented. Thermodynamically, a recuperated ICRH gas turbine based cogeneration system showed lower penalty in terms of electric efficiency and Energy Saving Index over the entire part-load range in comparison to the other cycles (non-recuperated ICRH, recuperated Brayton and simple Brayton cycles) investigated. Based on the comprehensive economic analysis for the assumed values of economic parameters, this study shows that, a mid-size (electric power capacity 20 MW) cogeneration system utilizing non-recuperated ICRH cycle provides higher return on investment both at full-load and part-load conditions, compared to the other same size cycles, over the entire range of fuel cost, electric sale and steam sale values examined. The plausible reasons for the observed trends in thermodynamic and economic performance parameters for four cycles and three sizes of cogeneration systems under full-load and part-load conditions have been presented in this paper.

ZnAl2O4/Chitosan Films and Evaluation of the Influence of ZnAl2O4 Filler on the Films Morphology, Structure and Thermal Properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 775-776 ◽  
pp. 692-695
Author(s):  
Pascally M.A. Guerra de Araújo ◽  
P.T.A. Santos ◽  
Ana Cristina Figueiredo de Melo Costa ◽  
Edcleide Maria Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Flat Surface ◽  
Chitosan Film ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Mass Proportion ◽  
Chitosan Films ◽  
Dta Curves

The present work intends to prepare ZnAl2O4/chitosan films with a mass proportion of 3:1and evaluate the influence of the ZnAl2O4 filler on the chitosan films morphology, structure and thermogravimetric properties. The films were characterized by XRD, SEM, TG and FTIR. With the XRD, it has been verified that both the chitosan and the ZnAl2O4/chitosan films presented the chitosan peaks. However, the ZnAl2O4/chitosan film also presented the ZnAl2O4 peaks. Through the SEM, it has been observed that the chitosan film presented a flat surface. On the other hand, the ZnAl2O4/chitosan presented a protruding surface. The TGA/DTA curves of the ZnAl2O4/chitosan film showed an increase in the thermal stability at temperatures greater than 720oC, comparing with the chitosan film.

Investigation Into a “Steam Whirl” Which Affected HP Rotors of 300 MW Steam Turbines

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Kubiak Sz. ◽  
Dara Childs ◽  
M. Rodri`guez ◽  
J. C. Garci´a
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Full Load ◽  
The Past ◽  
Instability Effect ◽  
Valve Opening ◽  
Rotordynamic Forces ◽  
Rotor Model ◽  
Load Conditions

In the past, several 300 MW steam turbine rotors were affected by vibrations, which appeared at bearing #1 during load conditions. At certain loads, vibrations of the #1 bearing increased considerably. Near full load the amplitude of vibration sometimes reduced to acceptable levels. Practically, the phenomena were partially cured by trim balancing of the HP rotor, readjusting the valve opening characteristics and by correction of the clearances in the sealing system. The results are briefly summarized. On the other hand, the simulation of the various parameters using rotordynamic codes was conducted to explain the phenomena analytically. In this part, the rotordynamic rotor model was constructed and the following simulations were carried out: rotor bearing instability, effect of the destabilizing steam forces on the rotor at the first row, effect of the seal rotordynamic forces and the valve opening sequence on the rotor stability. All results were analyzed to present general conclusions.

Thermoeconomic Analysis of an Intercooled, Reheat, and Recuperated Gas Turbine for Cogeneration Applications—Part II: Part-Load Operation

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 892-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bhargava ◽  
G. Negri di Montenegro ◽  
A. Peretto
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Full Load ◽  
Performance Loss ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Load Conditions

The knowledge of off-design performance for a given gas turbine system is critical particularly in applications where considerable operation at low load setting is required. This information allows designers to ensure safe operation of the system and determine in advance thermoeconomic penalty due to performance loss while operating under part-load conditions. In this paper, thermoeconomic analysis results for the intercooled reheat (ICRH) and recuperated gas turbine, at the part-load conditions in cogeneration applications, have been presented. Thermodynamically, a recuperated ICRH gas turbine-based cogeneration system showed lower penalty in terms of electric efficiency and Energy Saving Index over the entire part-load range in comparison to the other cycles (nonrecuperated ICRH, recuperated Brayton and simple Brayton cycles) investigated. Based on the comprehensive economic analysis for the assumed values of economic parameters, this study shows that a midsize (electric power capacity 20 MW) cogeneration system utilizing nonrecuperated ICRH cycle provides higher return on investment both at full-load and part-load conditions, compared to the other same size cycles, over the entire range of fuel cost, electric sale, and steam sale values examined. The plausible reasons for the observed trends in thermodynamic and economic performance parameters for four cycles and three sizes of cogeneration systems under full-load and part-load conditions have been presented in this paper.

scholarly journals POTENSI MINYAK NABATI SEBAGAI BAHAN MENTAH BIODIESEL DAN PENGOLAHANNYA DI INDONESIA = POTENCY OF VEGETABLE OIL AS BIODIESEL FEEDSTOCK AND ITS PROCESSING IN INDONESIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Sudirman Habibie
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Biofuel Feedstock ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Biodiesel Feedstock ◽  
The World

Abstract Since 2004, Indonesia has become an importer of fossil oil in the world and it is increase steadily year by year. Currently its production of oil is only about 857,000 barrels per day, on the other hand its consumption has increased to 1,5 million barrels per day. The raising of oil subsidy and the increase of oil consumption has pressure Indonesian economy. On the other hand, Indonesia has a potency of production of various plants to produce vegetable oils as biofuel feedstock, such as : palm, coconut, jatropha, castor, calophyllum, sunflower, corn, olive, peanut, cotton/kapok and other sources like algae and biomass. Therefore, Indonesia has to develop soon plants to produce vegetable oils to replace fossil oil. Besides that, this study also reveals the processing of biofuel by using the trans-esterification method to convert triglyceride to ester namely biodiesel. Abstrak Indonesia sejak tahun 2004 telah menjadi salah satu Negara pengimpor minyak fosil didunia yang setiap tahun meningkat. Saat ini produksi minyak Indonesia hanya berkisar 857.000 barrel per hari, sedangkan konsumsi telah mencapai 1,68 juta barrel per hari. Peningkatan subsidi minyak dan konsumsi minyak telah menekan kondisi ekonomi. Dilain pihak, Indonesia termasuk salah satu Negara penghasil beragam jenis tanaman penghasil minyak nabati sebagai bahan baku biofuel, seperti : sawit, kelapa dalam, jarak kapyar, jarak pagar, nyamplung, bunga matahari, jagung, zaitun, kacang tanah, kapas/kapok dan sumber lainnya seperti algae dan biomas. Untuk itu tidak ada pilihan lain, Indonesia harus segera mengembangkan tanaman penghasil minyak nabati sebagai pengganti minyak fosil. Disamping itu juga akan didiskusikan proses pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak nabati menggunakan metoda transesterifikasi untuk merubah trigliserida menjadi ester sebagai biodiesel.

scholarly journals Influence of Al addition on the thermal stability and mechanical properties of Fe76.5-xCu1Si13.5b9Alx amorphous alloys

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.Y. Sun ◽  
M. Song
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Amorphous Ribbons ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Al Addition

This paper fabricated Fe76.5-xCu1Si13.5B9Alx (x=0,1,2,3,5,7 at.%) amorphous ribbons using singleroller melt-spinning method. The effect of Al content on the thermal stability and mechanical properties was investigated. The results indicated that Al addition have little effect on the amorphous formation ability of the alloys. On the other hand, increasing the Al content can substantially increase Tx2, which corresponds to the crystallization of Fe borides. Nanoindentation tests indicated that hardness of the alloys increase slightly with increasing the Al content, and Young?s modulus has a complicated relationship with the Al content.

ADAPTING A PURE DECENTRALIZED PEER-TO-PEER PROTOCOL FOR GRID SERVICES INVOCATION

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 67-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOMENICO TALIA ◽  
PAOLO TRUNFIO
Keyword(s):  
Peer To Peer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grid Services ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Merging Techniques ◽  
Grid Resources ◽  
Load Conditions

Several aspects of today's Grids are based on centralized or hierarchical services. However, as Grids increase their size from tens to thousands of hosts, functionalities should be decentralized to avoid bottlenecks and guarantee scalability. A way to ensure Grid scalability is to adopt Peer-to-Peer (P2P) models and techniques to implement non-hierarchical decentralized Grid services and systems. Pure decentralized P2P protocols based on a pervasive exchange of messages, such as Gnutella, appear to be inadequate for OGSA Grids, where peers communicate among them through Grid Services mechanisms. On the other hand, this class of protocols offers useful properties in dealing with Grid resources heterogeneity and dynamicity. This paper proposes a modified Gnutella discovery protocol, named Gridnut, which makes it suitable for OGSA Grids. In particular, Gridnut uses appropriate message buffering and merging techniques to make Grid Services effective as a way to exchange messages in a P2P fashion. We present the design of Gridnut and compare Gnutella and Gridnut performances under different network and load conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document