1.25 L Turbocharged Diesel for Demanding Non-Road Applications

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Sykes ◽  
Andrew L. Carpenter ◽  
Jerald G. Wagner ◽  
John M. Gattoni ◽  
Kyle I. Merical ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Boost Pressure ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Automotive Engine

A design process was defined and implemented for the rapid development of purpose-built, heavy-fueled engines using modern CAE tools. The first exercise of the process was the clean sheet design of the 1.25 L, three-cylinder, turbocharged AMD45 diesel engine. The goal of the AMD45 development program was to create an engine with the power density of an automotive engine and the durability of an industrial/military diesel engine. The AMD45 engine was designed to withstand 8000 hours of operation at 4500 RPM and 45 kW output, while weighing less than 100 kg. Using a small design team, the total development time to a working prototype was less than 15 months. Following the design phase, the AMD45 was fabricated and assembled for first prototype testing. The minimum-material-added design approach resulted in a lightweight engine with a dry weight 89 kg for the basic engine with fuel system. At 4500 RPM and an intake manifold pressure of 2.2 bar abs., the AMD45 produced 62 kW with a peak brake fuel-conversion efficiency greater than 34%. Predictions of brake power and efficiency from the design phase matched to within 5% of experimental values. When the engine is detuned to 56 kW maximum power, the use of multi-pulse injection and boost pressure control allowed the AMD45 to achieve steady state emissions (as measured over the ISO 8178 C1 test cycle) of CO and NOx+NMHC that met the EPA Tier 4 Non-road standard without exhaust after-treatment, with the exception of idle testing. PM emissions were also measured, and a sulfur-tolerant diesel particulate filter has been designed for PM after-treatment.

Study on Altitude Adaptability of a Turbocharged Off-Road Diesel Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenlian Huang ◽  
Jilin Lei ◽  
Qianfan Xin
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Bench Test ◽  
Boost Pressure ◽  
Exhaust Manifold ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Operating Characteristics

Abstract This paper investigates the operating characteristics of an off-road diesel engine to enhance its power performance in plateau. First, the impacts of altitude on the power, fuel economy, and emissions characteristics were analyzed by a bench test. Second, the combustion and overall performance working at different altitudes were studied by three-dimensional numerical simulation, including the relationship between fuel injection parameters and engine performance. The results showed that altitude significantly affects the performance of the off-road diesel engine. As the altitude increased from 0 m to 2000 m, the engine power decreased as much as 4.3%, and the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased as much as 6%. At the peak torque condition, the intake manifold boost pressure and the exhaust manifold pressure both reduced with a rise of altitude, while the intake and exhaust manifold temperatures both increased with a rise of altitude. Finally, after comparing the in-cylinder flow conditions and combustion characteristics given by six combustion chamber designs that have different shrinkage ratios, the engine performance at 4000 m altitude with five different fuel spray angles were further optimized. The engine rated power increased by 8.2% when the shrinkage ratio was 7.28% and the fuel spray angle was 150 deg at the 4000 m altitude.

scholarly journals Adaptive Boost Pressure Control for Four-Stroke Diesel Engine Marine Application in the Presence of Dynamic Uncertainties

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Samokhin ◽  
Jari Hyytia ◽  
Kai Zenger ◽  
Olli Ranta ◽  
Otto Blomstedt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Boost Pressure ◽  
Marine Application ◽  
Dynamic Uncertainties

Assessment of Charge-Air Cooler Health in Diesel Engines Using Nonlinear Time Series Analysis of Intake Manifold Temperature

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok A. Joshi ◽  
Scott James ◽  
Peter Meckl ◽  
Galen King ◽  
Kristofer Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Local Linear Regression ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Boost Pressure ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Turbocharged Diesel Engine ◽  
Air Cooler

Degradation in the cooling effectiveness of a charge-air cooler (CAC) in a medium-duty turbocharged diesel engine has significant impact on engine performance. This degradation lowers the boost pressure and raises the intake manifold temperature. As a result, the engine provides lower horsepower and higher hydrocarbon levels than the rated values. The objective of this research is to monitor the health of the charge-air cooler by analyzing the intake manifold temperature signal. Experiments were performed on a Cummins ISB series turbocharged diesel engine, a 6-cylinder inline configuration with a 5.9 l displacement volume. Air flowing over the cooler was blocked by varying amounts, while various engine temperatures and pressures were monitored at different torque-speed conditions. Similarly, data were acquired without the introduction of any fault in the engine. For the construction of the manifold temperature trajectory vector, average mutual information estimates and a global false nearest neighbor analysis were used to find the optimal time parameter and embedding dimensions, respectively. The prediction of the healthy temperature vector was done by local linear regression using torque, speed, and their interaction as exogenous variables. Analysis of residuals generated by comparing the predicted healthy temperature vector and the observed temperature vector was successful in detecting the degradation of the charge-air cooler. This degradation was quantified by using box plots and probability density functions of residuals generated by comparing intake manifold temperature of healthy and faulty charge-air coolers. The general applicability of the model was demonstrated by successfully diagnosing a fault in the exhaust gas recirculation cooler of a different engine.

A Fixed-Head Concept Diesel Engine

1972 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-204
Author(s):  
J. M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Hydraulic Drive ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Development Work ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Boost Pressure

This high-speed automotive diesel engine was designed to achieve the greatest possible reliability in operation, low operating and maintenance costs and maximum versatility of component and auxiliary arrangements, based on long experience of large-scale manufacture of engines for commercial vehicles and the increases in power output and time between overhauls made possible by improvements in design, materials, manufacturing processes, fuels and lubricants. Elimination of the cylinder high-pressure joint was a radical departure from current practice and promised considerable advantages in cooling, reducing thermal stress and freeing restrictions in cylinder-head porting layout. Thus the potential for operating at the highest rating now in use and for future development was improved. This paper deals with the design aims, describes the engine and outlines the development work with single and multi-cylinder engines that has been undertaken to ensure that each commercial variant meets the requirements of its rating. Vertical and horizontal configurations are used in naturally aspirated and pressure-charged versions. For automotive work, using mechanical transmissions, the drooping characteristic of the normal turbocharged engines torque curve at low speed is a serious disadvantage. Measures taken to overcome this are described. These included variations in camshaft timing, automatic variable control of injection timing and boost pressure control of fuel injection quantity to avoid undesirable smoke in the exhaust emission in addition to the normal development work of ensuring the highest practicable standards of mechanical, volumetric and combustion efficiency. Other methods such as special turbocharger matchings, including the waste-gate system of turbine by-pass, the system of auxiliary hydraulic drive of the turbocharger at low engine speeds and, as alternative to turbocharging, pressure charging by an aerodynamic pulse-converter are discussed. At the other end of the scale, considerable attention has been paid to increasing the maximum engine output by turbocharging with intercooling which promises to increase naturally aspirated power by over 100 per cent, if in road vehicles the problem of the intercooler, air/air or air/water, can be dealt with satisfactorily.

PIV IN A RUNNING AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE: SIMULTANEOUS VELOCIMETRY FOR INTAKE MANIFOLD RUNNERS

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri Bonnet ◽  
Magali Barthès ◽  
Yannick Bailly ◽  
Laurent GIrardot ◽  
David Guyon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Automotive Engine

Comparative analysis on the effects of diesel particulate filter and selective catalytic reduction systems on a wide spectrum of chemical species emissions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Gerald Liu ◽  
Devin R. Berg ◽  
Thaddeus A. Swor ◽  
James J. Schauer‡
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Selective Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Diesel Particulate Filter ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Diesel Particulate ◽  
Aftertreatment Systems

Two methods, diesel particulate filter (DPF) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems, for controlling diesel emissions have become widely used, either independently or together, for meeting increasingly stringent emissions regulations world-wide. Each of these systems is designed for the reduction of primary pollutant emissions including particulate matter (PM) for the DPF and nitrogen oxides (NOx) for the SCR. However, there have been growing concerns regarding the secondary reactions that these aftertreatment systems may promote involving unregulated species emissions. This study was performed to gain an understanding of the effects that these aftertreatment systems may have on the emission levels of a wide spectrum of chemical species found in diesel engine exhaust. Samples were extracted using a source dilution sampling system designed to collect exhaust samples representative of real-world emissions. Testing was conducted on a heavy-duty diesel engine with no aftertreatment devices to establish a baseline measurement and also on the same engine equipped first with a DPF system and then a SCR system. Each of the samples was analyzed for a wide variety of chemical species, including elemental and organic carbon, metals, ions, n-alkanes, aldehydes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in addition to the primary pollutants, due to the potential risks they pose to the environment and public health. The results show that the DPF and SCR systems were capable of substantially reducing PM and NOx emissions, respectively. Further, each of the systems significantly reduced the emission levels of the unregulated chemical species, while the notable formation of new chemical species was not observed. It is expected that a combination of the two systems in some future engine applications would reduce both primary and secondary emissions significantly.

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