Influence of Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE)–Gasoline Blends on Regulated and Unregulated Emissions From a PFI SI Engine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanxu Li ◽  
Karthik Nithyanandan ◽  
Suya Gao ◽  
Zhi Ning ◽  
Chia-fon F. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Cylinder Port ◽  
Acetone Butanol Ethanol ◽  
Unregulated Emissions

Bio-butanol has been widely investigated as a promising alternative fuel. However, the main issues preventing industrial-scale production of butanol are its relatively low production efficiency and high cost of component recovery from the acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation process. Therefore, ABE has attracted a lot of interest as an alternative fuel for the reason that it not only has positive characteristics of oxygenated fuels, but also reduces the production cost during fermentation. This investigation is focused on the regulated and unregulated emissions of a single cylinder port-fuel injection (PFI) spark-ignition (SI) engine fueled with ABE (volumetric concentration of A:B:E = 3:6:1) and gasoline blends. Blends of gasoline with various ABE content (0 vol.%, 10 vol.%, 20 vol.% ABE referred to as G100, ABE10, ABE20) were used as test fuels. Experiments were performed at an engine speed of 1200 rpm, and at engine loads of 3 and 5 bar brake mean effective pressures (BMEP) and under various equivalence ratios (Φ = 0.83–1.25). Exhaust gases measured included nitrogen oxides (NOX), carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons (UHC). Additionally, benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene and xylenes (BTEX) concentrations were also measured by a gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC/MS) and a flame ionization detection (GC/FID). The results show that with an increase of ABE in the blended fuel, there are reductions of UHC, CO and NOx. For the unregulated emissions, ABE addition leads to decreases in benzene, toluene and xylene emissions but an increase in ethylbenzene.

scholarly journals Experimental Comparative Study on Performance and Emissions of E85 Adopting Different Injection Approaches in a Turbocharged PFI SI Engine

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Tornatore ◽  
Luca Marchitto ◽  
Maria Antonietta Costagliola ◽  
Gerardo Valentino
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Reference Conditions ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Spark Timing ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Ethanol Blends ◽  
Cylinder Port

This study examines the effects of ethanol and gasoline injection mode on the combustion performance and exhaust emissions of a twin cylinder port fuel injection (PFI) spark ignition (SI) engine. Generally, when using gasoline–ethanol blends, alcohol and gasoline are externally mixed with a specified blending ratio. In this activity, ethanol and gasoline were supplied into the intake manifold into two different ways: through two separated low pressure fuel injection systems (Dual-Fuel, DF) and in a blend (mix). The ratio between ethanol and gasoline was fixed at 0.85 by volume (E85). The initial reference conditions were set running the engine with full gasoline at the knock limited spark advance boundary, according to the standard engine calibration. Then E85 was injected and a spark timing sweep was carried out at rich, stoichiometric, and lean conditions. Engine performance and gaseous and particle exhaust emissions were measured. Adding ethanol could remove over-fueling with an increase in thermal efficiency without engine load penalties. Both ethanol and charge leaning resulted in a lowering of CO, HC, and PN emissions. DF injection promoted a faster evaporation of gasoline than in blend, shortening the combustion duration with a slight increase in THC and PN emissions compared to the mix mode.

Impact of denatured anhydrous ethanol–gasoline fuel blends on a spark-ignition engine

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (93) ◽  
pp. 51220-51227 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Masum ◽  
M. A. Kalam ◽  
H. H. Masjuki ◽  
S. M. Ashrafur Rahman ◽  
E. E. Daggig
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Anhydrous Ethanol ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Fuel Blends

Like other alcohols, denatured anhydrous ethanol is a promising alternative fuel for SI engine.

Biomass-derived 2,5-dimethylfuran as a promising alternative fuel: An application review on the compression and spark ignition engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 106687
Author(s):  
Xuan Phuong Nguyen ◽  
Anh Tuan Hoang ◽  
Aykut I. Ölçer ◽  
Dirk Engel ◽  
Van Viet Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Promising Alternative

Natural gas as a promising alternative fuel for passenger cars

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alia A. Shakour ◽  
Ahmed A. El-Abssawy ◽  
Yasser H. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Promising Alternative

Investigation of High Percentage Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) Blended With Diesel in a Constant Volume Chamber

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilu Lin ◽  
Han Wu ◽  
Karthik Nithyanandan ◽  
Timothy H. Lee ◽  
Chia-fon F. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Constant Volume ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Alternative Transportation ◽  
Constant Volume Chamber ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
Acetone Butanol Ethanol

Bio-butanol, a promising alternative transportation fuel, has its industrial-scale production hindered significantly by high cost component purification process from acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) broth. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of using ABE-Diesel blends with high ABE percentages as an alternative transportation fuel. An optical-accessible constant volume chamber capable of controlling ambient temperature, pressure and oxygen concentration was used to mimic the environmental conditions inside a real diesel engine cylinder. ABE fuel with typical volumetric ratios of 30% acetone, 60% butanol and 10% ethanol were blended with ultra-low sulfur diesel at 80% vol. and were tested in this study. The ambient temperature was set to be at 1100K and 900K, which represents normal combustion conditions and low temperature combustion conditions respectively. The ambient oxygen concentrations were set to be at 21%, 16% and 11%, representing different EGR ratios. The in-cylinder pressure was recorded by using a pressure transducer and the time-resolved Mie-scattering image and natural flame luminosity was captured using a high-speed camera coupled with a copper vapor laser. The results show that the liquid penetration is reduced by the high percentage of ABE in the blends. At the same time, the soot formation is reduced significantly by increasing oxygen content in the ABE fuel. Even more interesting, a soot-free combustion was achieved by combining the low temperature combustion with the higher percentage ABE case. In terms of soot emission, high ABE ratio blends are a very promising alternative fuel to be directly used in diesel engines especially under low-temperature combustion conditions.

scholarly journals Cloud-Based Education As a Service (CEAAS) System Requirements Specification Model of Higher Education Institutions in Industrial Revolution 4.0

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S8) ◽  
pp. 1382-1386 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Requirements Specification ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
System Requirements

In today’s higher education institutions (HEIs), intelligentization and digitization of education process are greatly required. Production industries are presently making changes from large-scale production to specialized or customized production. The term Industry 4.0 (IR 4.0) represents the fourth industrial revolution; the present movement or inclination of automation and data exchange and sharing in manufacturing technologies with the main aim of satisfying the individual customer desire and needs. The quick progressions in production technologies and its uses in the industries enhance production efficiency and change the workplace from tasks-based to the human-focused features. Higher education in the IR 4.0 (HE 4.0) is a complex, intricate and intriguing opportunity which has the potential to change the society for the better. The convergence and integration of man and machine will decrease the subject distance between social science and humanity and also technology and science. This will definitely need in-depth and diverse interdisciplinary teaching, research and innovation. Cloud computing (CC) as an IR 4.0 contributing technology, provides a novel means of educating people that will ultimately disrupt the present HEIs systems. Cloud-based education as a service in the era of fourth industry (CEaaS 4.0) can deliver education services in the shortest, most effective, and best affordability. The aim of this study is to propose a CEaaS system requirements specification (SRS) model that includes functional and non-fictional requirements; aligned with IR 4.0, the next industrial revolution.

scholarly journals Kaji Eksperimental Rasio Metanol-Bensin Terhadap Konsumsi Bahan Bakar, Emisi Gas Buang, Torsi Dan Daya

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Mohamad Rifal ◽  
Nazarudin Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Emission Power ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
The One

Methanol (CH3OH) is the one of an alternative fuel for SI engine. Methanol has a similiar charakteristic and fisik properties to gasoline. This study using methanol-gasoline fuel blend (M10, M20 and M40). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of using methanol-gasoline fuel blend of  fuel consumption, exhaust emission, power and torque. In the experiment,  an engine three-cylidre 12 valve with tecnology DOHC Mivec and ECI MPI injection System 1193 cc was used. With a little modification that is using methanol controler to maximize the result of research. The experimental result showed that the fuel consumption decrease with the use of methanol-gasoline ful blend. Each of these reductions in fuel consumption for the M10, M20 and M40 are 1 %, 3% dan 3%. The Power and Torque is increas while using fuel blend than gasoline and it also decrease exhaust emission

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