Exhaust Emissions From a Stoichiometric, Ammonia and Gasoline Dual Fueled Spark Ignition Engine

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn M. Grannell ◽  
Dennis N. Assanis ◽  
Donald E. Gillespie ◽  
Stanislav V. Bohac
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Oxygen Sensors ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Exhaust Gas

Engine-out and post-catalyst emissions of ammonia, hydrocarbons, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrous oxide are measured for an ammonia and gasoline dual fueled spark ignition engine. An ordinary three-way catalytic converter can be used to clean up these emissions. The clean-up region occurs between stoichiometric and 0.2% rich. Ordinary exhaust gas oxygen sensors are usable with ammonia and gasoline in much the same way as they are with gasoline alone.

scholarly journals Studies on Exhaust Emissions from Copper-Coated Gasohol Run Spark Ignition Engine with Catalytic Converter

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S. Narasimha Kumar ◽  
K. Kishor ◽  
M. V. S. Murali Krishna ◽  
P. V. K. Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Iron Catalyst ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Carbon Monooxide ◽  
Air Speed

The major pollutants emitted from spark ignition engine are carbon monooxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC). These are hazardous and cause health problems to human beings, and hence control of these pollutants calls for immediate attention. Copper of thickness 300 microns is coated over piston crown and inside portion of the cylinder head of the spark ignition engine. Investigations have been carried out for reducing pollutants from a variable compression ratio, copper-coated spark ignition engine fitted with catalytic converter containing sponge iron catalyst run with gasohol (blend of 20% ethanol and 80% gasoline by volume). The influence of parameters such as void ratio, airflow rate, temperature of injected air, speed, compression ratio, and load of the engine on these emissions are studied. A microprocessor-based analyzer is used for the measurement of CO/UHC in the exhaust of the engine. The speed, load, compression ratio and the injection of air into the catalytic converter are found to show strong influence on reduction of the pollutants in the exhaust. Copper-coated spark ignition engine with gasohol operation reduced the exhaust emissions considerably when compared to conventional engine with pure gasoline operation.

scholarly journals Integrated gas dynamic and thermodynamic computational modeling of multicylinder 4-stroke spark ignition engine using gasoline as a fuel

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeevan Tirkey ◽  
Hari Gupta ◽  
Shailendra Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations ◽  
Flow Equations

This paper presents a computational tool for the evaluation of engine performance and exhaust emissions for four stroke multi-cylinder spark ignition engine which uses gasoline as a fuel. Gas dynamics flow in multi-cylinder intake and exhaust systems are modeled by using one-dimensional unsteady compressible flow equations. The hyperbolic partial differential equations are transferred into a set of ordinary differential equations by using method of characteristics and solved by finite difference method. Compatibility relationships between local fluid velocity and sonic velocity are expressed in terms of Riemann variables, which are constant along the position characteristics. The equations are solved numerically by using rectangular grid in the flow direction and time. In this model nitric oxide concentration is predicted by using the rate kinetic model in the power cycle and along the exhaust pipes. Carbon monoxide is computed under chemical equilibrium condition and then empirical adjustment is made for kinetic behaviors based upon experimental results. A good agreement is obtained in the comparison of computed and experimental results of instantaneous cylinder pressure, manifold pressure and temperature, and nitric oxide and carbon monoxide emissions level.

scholarly journals Characterisation and modelling of the reactions in a three-way PdRh catalyst in the exhaust gas from an ethanol-fuelled spark-ignition engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (12) ◽  
pp. 3222-3234
Author(s):  
Claire McAtee ◽  
Geoff McCullough ◽  
David Sellick ◽  
Alexandre Goguet
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Frequency Factor ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Rate Equations ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Chemical Mechanisms ◽  
Kinetic Coefficients ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emission ◽  
Synthetic Gas

This work investigated and modelled the performance and characteristics of automotive catalytic converter formulations when subjected to a synthetic exhaust gas mixture representative of that emitted by an ethanol-fuelled spark-ignition engine. A synthetic gas reactor and exhaust gas emission analyser were used to assess the catalytic activity, the products distribution and chemical mechanisms exhibited by a commercial catalytic converter formulation when exposed to ethanol containing gas mixtures. A commercially available after-treatment modelling platform named Axisuite was used to simulate the catalyst performance. This software was used to assign the pre-exponential frequency factor and activation energy variables within the rate equations. A set of global kinetic coefficients for the relevant reactions was established and is reported.

Inlet Valve Throttling and the Effects of Mixture Preparation and Turbulence on the Exhaust Gas Emissions of a Spark Ignition Engine

1976 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
N R Beale ◽  
D Hodgetts
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Inlet Valve ◽  
Mixture Flow ◽  
Mixture Preparation ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emissions

SYNOPSIS. Mixture quality and turbulence in the isolated cylinder of a multi-cylinder spark ignition engine were changed by the method of mixture preparation in the induction tract and by the increase of mixture flow velocity through the valve aperture which was varied by the change of the full lift of the inlet valve. The fuel consumption and the mass rates of the emissions of carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and hydrocarbons of the engine when controlled with a conventional throttle are compared with those of the valve throttled engine. The employment of exhaust gas recirculation is shown to have a decisive effect on the comparison and to be essential for low emissions from a valve throttled engine.

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