Exhaust emissions and conversion efficiency of catalytic converter for an ethanol‐fueled spark ignition engine

Abstract In this study, experimental attempts are made to reduce exhaust gas toxic emission from the spark ignition (SI) engine. For this, a sucrose catalyst is coated inside the metallic substrate. The obtained emission level was compared with the results of commercial catalysts for lean-burn operations. The engine was operated at 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% loads and the highest NOx conversion efficiency of 60.217% at 40% engine load and 70.732% of HC conversion efficiency at 100% engine loadwas achieved. Exhaust emissions from the sucrose-coated catalytic converterare observed as lower than the conventional commercial converter. Also, this paper attempts to predict the emission characteristics of both rigskept under observation using a fuzzy logic expert system (FLES). Both the input and output responses from the real-time SI engine is used to train and test the proposed FLES. The FLES proposed in this study can predict the emission characteristicsof both conventional and sucrose coated catalytic converter with an accuracy of 97%.

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Studies on Exhaust Emissions from Copper-Coated Gasohol Run Spark Ignition Engine with Catalytic Converter

ISRN Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.5402/2011/757019 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

S. Narasimha Kumar ◽

K. Kishor ◽

M. V. S. Murali Krishna ◽

P. V. K. Murthy

Keyword(s):

Compression Ratio ◽

Iron Catalyst ◽

Catalytic Converter ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

Spark Ignition Engine ◽

Airflow Rate ◽

Human Beings ◽

Carbon Monooxide ◽

Air Speed

The major pollutants emitted from spark ignition engine are carbon monooxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbons (UHC). These are hazardous and cause health problems to human beings, and hence control of these pollutants calls for immediate attention. Copper of thickness 300 microns is coated over piston crown and inside portion of the cylinder head of the spark ignition engine. Investigations have been carried out for reducing pollutants from a variable compression ratio, copper-coated spark ignition engine fitted with catalytic converter containing sponge iron catalyst run with gasohol (blend of 20% ethanol and 80% gasoline by volume). The influence of parameters such as void ratio, airflow rate, temperature of injected air, speed, compression ratio, and load of the engine on these emissions are studied. A microprocessor-based analyzer is used for the measurement of CO/UHC in the exhaust of the engine. The speed, load, compression ratio and the injection of air into the catalytic converter are found to show strong influence on reduction of the pollutants in the exhaust. Copper-coated spark ignition engine with gasohol operation reduced the exhaust emissions considerably when compared to conventional engine with pure gasoline operation.

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Studies on Exhaust Emissions from Two Stroke Copper Coated Spark Ignition Engine with Alcohol Blended Gasoline with Catalytic Converter

International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology ◽

10.14741/ijcet/spl.2.2014.73 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 397-401

Author(s):

S. Narasimha Kumar

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Converter ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

Spark Ignition Engine

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Exhaust Emissions From a Stoichiometric, Ammonia and Gasoline Dual Fueled Spark Ignition Engine

ASME 2009 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference ◽

10.1115/ices2009-76131 ◽

2009 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Shawn M. Grannell ◽

Dennis N. Assanis ◽

Donald E. Gillespie ◽

Stanislav V. Bohac

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Nitrous Oxide ◽

Catalytic Converter ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

Oxygen Sensors ◽

Spark Ignition Engine ◽

Exhaust Gas

Engine-out and post-catalyst emissions of ammonia, hydrocarbons, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrous oxide are measured for an ammonia and gasoline dual fueled spark ignition engine. An ordinary three-way catalytic converter can be used to clean up these emissions. The clean-up region occurs between stoichiometric and 0.2% rich. Ordinary exhaust gas oxygen sensors are usable with ammonia and gasoline in much the same way as they are with gasoline alone.

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Modeling and Simulation of Four Stroke Spark Ignition Engine with Nano-Particle Coated Catalytic Converter for Analysis of Exhaust Emissions

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology ◽

10.22214/ijraset.2018.6212 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 1447-1456 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Samiksha Rathore

Keyword(s):

Modeling And Simulation ◽

Catalytic Converter ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

Spark Ignition Engine ◽

Nano Particle

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Experimental Investigation of Exhaust Emissions Using Nano-Particle Coated Catalytic Converter for Four Stroke Spark Ignition Engine

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology ◽

10.22214/ijraset.2018.6143 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 969-973

Author(s):

Samiksha Rathore

Keyword(s):

Experimental Investigation ◽

Catalytic Converter ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

Spark Ignition Engine ◽

Nano Particle

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Ethanol/Gasoline Blends as Alternative Fuel in Last Generation Spark-Ignition Engines: A Review on CO and HC Engine Out Emissions

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14134034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (13) ◽

pp. 4034

Author(s):

Paolo Iodice ◽

Massimo Cardone

Keyword(s):

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Alternative Fuels ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Alternative Fuel ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Spark Ignition Engine ◽

Spark Ignition Engines ◽

The Impact

Among the alternative fuels existing for spark-ignition engines, ethanol is considered worldwide as an important renewable fuel when mixed with pure gasoline because of its favorable physicochemical properties. An in-depth and updated investigation on the issue of CO and HC engine out emissions related to use of ethanol/gasoline fuels in spark-ignition engines is therefore necessary. Starting from our experimental studies on engine out emissions of a last generation spark-ignition engine fueled with ethanol/gasoline fuels, the aim of this new investigation is to offer a complete literature review on the present state of ethanol combustion in last generation spark-ignition engines under real working conditions to clarify the possible change in CO and HC emissions. In the first section of this paper, a comparison between physicochemical properties of ethanol and gasoline is examined to assess the practicability of using ethanol as an alternative fuel for spark-ignition engines and to investigate the effect on engine out emissions and combustion efficiency. In the next section, this article focuses on the impact of ethanol/gasoline fuels on CO and HC formation. Many studies related to combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions in spark-ignition engines fueled with ethanol/gasoline fuels are thus discussed in detail. Most of these experimental investigations conclude that the addition of ethanol with gasoline fuel mixtures can really decrease the CO and HC exhaust emissions of last generation spark-ignition engines in several operating conditions.

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