Thermal Hydraulic Test of Advanced Fuel Bundle With Spectral Shift Rod (SSR) for BWR: Steady State and Transient Test Results and Analysis

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Kondo ◽  
Kazuaki Kitou ◽  
Masao Chaki ◽  
Yukiharu Ohga ◽  
Takeshi Makigami
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Spectral Shift ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Fuel Bundle ◽  
State Test ◽  
Shift Effect ◽  
Steady State Test

Japanese national project of next generation light water reactor (LWR) development started in 2008. Under this project, spectral shift rod (SSR) is being developed. SSR, which replaces conventional water rod (WR) of boiling water reactor (BWR) fuel bundle, was invented to enhance the BWR’s merit, spectral shift effect for uranium saving. In SSR, water boils by neutron and gamma-ray direct heating and water level is formed as a boundary of the upper steam region and the lower water region. This SSR water level can be controlled by core flow rate, which amplifies the change of average core void fraction, resulting in the amplified spectral shift effect. This paper presents the steady state test with varied SSR geometry parameters, the transient test, and the simulation analysis of these steady state and transient tests. The steady state test results showed that the basic functioning principle such as the controllability of SSR water level by flow rate was maintained in the possible range of geometry parameters. The transient test results showed that the change rate of SSR water level was slower than the initiating parameters. The simulation analysis of steady state and transient test showed that the analysis method can simulate the height of SSR water level and its change with a good agreement. As a result, it is shown that the SSR design concept and its analysis method are feasible in both steady state and transient conditions.

Thermal Hydraulic Test of Advanced BWR Fuel Bundle With Spectral Shift Rod (SSR): Overview and Pre-Test Analysis by TRACG Code

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Kondo ◽  
Masao Chaki ◽  
Yukiharu Ohga ◽  
Moriyasu Abe
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Spectral Shift ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Test Plan ◽  
Hydraulic Test ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Operating Condition ◽  
Water Reactor ◽  
Fuel Bundle ◽  
Shift Effect

Japanese national project of next generation light water reactor (LWR) development started in 2008. As one of its development items, the thermal-hydraulic test of spectral shift rod (SSR) is planned. A new component called SSR, which replaces conventional water rod (WR) of boiling water reactor (BWR) fuel bundle, was invented to enhance the BWR’s merit, spectral shift effect for uranium saving. In SSR, water boils by neutron and gamma-ray direct heating and water level is formed as a boundary of the upper steam region and the lower water region. This SSR water level can be controlled by core flow rate, which amplifies core void fraction change, resulting in the amplified spectral shift effect. In this paper, its test plan overview and pre-test analysis by TRACG code is presented. The test plan was developed with the purpose of evaluating SSR thermal-hydraulic characteristics at the actual BWR operating condition (7MPa), such as the controllability of SSR water level, and obtaining data for the validation of calculation method. In the test plan, several types of SSR simulation which covers SSR design in both next generation BWR and conventional BWR were designed. Also test operating conditions such as thermal-hydraulic parameters are determined. In order to evaluate these test specifications, pre-test analysis by TRACG code was conducted. Analysis results of each parameter’s effect on SSR characteristics are consistent with SSR mechanism, which shows that the actual operating condition for SSR fuel is simulated well.

A Method for Comparing Transient NOx Emissions With Weighted Steady State Test Results

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Swain ◽  
Cleophas C. Jackson ◽  
Christian E. Lindhjem ◽  
George J. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Test Results ◽  
State Test ◽  
Steady State Test

Investigation of the intake tumble flow in a prototype GDI engine using a steady-state test rig

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Auriemma ◽  
F. E. Corcione ◽  
S. Diana ◽  
G. Police ◽  
G. Valentino
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
State Test ◽  
Gdi Engine ◽  
Steady State Test

Continuous-Operation Test at Engineering Scale Uranium Crystallizer System

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadahiro Washiya ◽  
Toshimitsu Tayama ◽  
Kazuhito Nakamura ◽  
Kimihiko Yano ◽  
Atsuhiro Shibata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Continuous Operation ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
State Test ◽  
Operation Test ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Crystal Accumulation ◽  
Steady State Test

Uranium crystallization based on solubility difference is one of the remarkable technologies which can provide simple process to separate uranium in nitric acid solution since the process is mainly controlled by temperature and concentration of solute ions. Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) and Mitsubishi Materials Corporation (MMC) are developing the crystallization process for elemental technology of FBR fuel reprocessing.[1–3] The uranium (U) crystallization process is a key technology for New Extraction System for TRU Recovery (NEXT) process that was evaluated as the most promising process for future FBR reprocessing.[4–6] We had developed an innovative crystallizer and carried out several fundamental investigations. On the basis of the results, we fabricated an engineering-scale crystallizer and have carried out continuous operation test to investigate the stability of the equipment at steady and non-steady state conditions by using depleted uranium. As for simulating typical failure events in the crystallizer, crystal accumulation and crystal blockage were occurred intentionally, and monitoring method and resume procedure were tried and selected in this work. As the test results, no significant phenomenon was observed in the steady state test. And in the non-steady state test, process fluctuation could be detected by monitoring of screw torque and liquid level in the crystallizer, and all failure events are proven to be recovered by appropriate resumed procedures.

The Work Rate Corresponding to Ventilatory Threshold During Steady-State and Ramp Exercise

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Faude ◽  
Tim Meyer ◽  
Wilfried Kindermann
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
State Test ◽  
Ramp Exercise ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Steady State Test

Purpose:The work rate (WR) corresponding to ventilatory threshold (VT) is an appropriate intensity for regenerative and low-intensity training sessions. During incremental ramp exercise, VO2 increase lags behind WR increase. Traditionally, a VO2 time delay (td) of 45 seconds is used to calculate the WR at VT from such tests. Considerable inaccuracies were observed when using this constant td. Therefore, this study aimed at reinvestigating the temporal relationship between VO2 and WR at VT.Methods:20 subjects (VO2peak 49.9 to 72.6 mL · min–1 · kg–1) performed a ramp test in order to determine VT and a subsequent steady-state test during which WR was adjusted to elicit the VO2 corresponding to VT. The difference in WR and heart rate at VT was calculated between the ramp and the steady-state test (WRdiff, HRdiff) as well as the time delay corresponding to WRdiff during ramp exercise.Results:Mean values were td = 85 ± 26 seconds (range 38 to 144), WRdiff = 45 ± 12 W (range 23 to 67), HRdiff = 1 ± 9 beats/min (range –21 to +15). The limits of agreement for the difference between WR at VT during ramp and steady-state exercise were ± 24 W. No signifi cant influence on td, WRdiff, or HRdiff from differences in endurance capacity (VO2peak and VT; P > .10 for all correlations) or ramp increment (P = .26, .49, and .85, respectively) were observed.Conclusion:The wide ranges of td, WRdiff, and HRdiff prevent the derivation of exact training guidelines from single-ramp tests. It is advisable to perform a steady-state test to exactly determine the WR corresponding to VT.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Material Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Tendons: Experiments and Model Assessment

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Zhou ◽  
Jiwen Zhang ◽  
Shoutan Song ◽  
Dong Yang ◽  
Chao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Transient State ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Concrete Members ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
State Test

Material properties at elevated temperatures are important factors in the fire safety design and numerical analysis of concrete members strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. Most of the previous research mainly focused on tensile strength and elastic modulus in conventional steady state temperature tests. However, the transient state test method is more realistic for strengthening concrete structures. At the same time, the coefficient of thermal expansion of FRP composites is also one of the important factors affecting concrete members at elevated temperatures. This paper presents a detailed experimental investigation on the longitudinal thermal expansion deformation, and the mechanical properties of carbon FRP (CFRP) tendons with 8 mm diameter in the steady state and transient state. The results indicate that longitudinal deformation of CFRP tendons is negative at high temperature; in addition, the transient state test results of CFRP tendons are slightly higher than the steady state test results. The final part of this paper assesses the accuracy of different empirical models. Furthermore, a new equation calculating the properties of CFRP composites at elevated temperatures is presented with the numerical fitting technique, which is in good agreement with the experimental results.

Caffeine ingestion effects on oxidative stress in a steady-state test at 75%

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.J. Olcina ◽  
R. Timón ◽  
D. Muñoz ◽  
J.I. Maynar ◽  
M.J. Caballero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
State Test ◽  
Steady State Test
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