Impact of Testing Activities on Small Modular Reactor Total Capital Investment Cost

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Maronati ◽  
Bojan Petrovic ◽  
Jurie J. Van Wyk ◽  
Matthew H. Kelley ◽  
Chelsea C. White
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
First Case ◽  
Small Modular Reactor ◽  
Total Capital ◽  
Assembly Area ◽  
Total Capital Investment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modular Testing

The use Total Capital Investment Cost (TCIC) as a figure of merit to evaluate the design of a Nuclear Power Plant can help lead to more economically competitive designs. TCIC includes costs of equipment, labor, materials and the associated time value of capital. The team developed the software tool EVAL, which is capable of determining TCIC impacts for any nuclear island (NI) of any design. EVAL was first used to estimate the effect of modularization on TCIC in constructing the Westinghouse Small Modular Reactor (SMR). In particular, three different construction cases were identified. In the first case, modules are manufactured in the fabrication facility and assembled into Super Modules (SMs) in the on-site assembly area, while SMs are assembled in the hole to form the NI. The second case differs from the first case in the fabrication process, as modules are manufactured in the on-site assembly area. In the third case, the NI is ‘stick built’; i.e., the modules are assembled in the hole, where all connections are performed and the structures are built. The analysis highlighted the positive impact of off-site modular construction on TCIC. EVAL is based on an open evaluation methodology. In this paper, we present an extension of EVAL that aims to analyze the impact of testing on TCIC. As only few Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) were built in the recent years, testing costs and durations are characterized by a high uncertainty. EVAL was used to evaluate the impact of testing on TCIC, considering a range of realistic data points. Testing costs were expressed as a percentage of total labor costs and TCICs were calculated for the three construction strategies. EVAL was also used to evaluate the impact of modular testing on TCIC. Modularization allows functional testing and system testing activities to be moved from the installation stage to the fabrication and assembly stages, with a subsequent reduction in labor cost and total construction time. TCIC sensitivities were performed on the fraction of testing activities that can be moved from the installation stage. The number of these activities is dependent on both the design and the technologies used during construction. The analysis showed the positive impact of modular testing on TCIC and demonstrated how EVAL can be a tool capable of helping stakeholder decisions.

Thermoeconomic Analysis of a Gas Turbine Plant With Fuel Decarbonization and Carbon Dioxide Sequestration

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bozzolo ◽  
M. Brandani ◽  
A. Traverso ◽  
A. F. Massardo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Sequestration ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Total Capital ◽  
Total Capital Investment ◽  
Water Gas

In this paper the thermoeconomic analysis of gas turbine plants with fuel decarbonisation and carbon dioxide sequestration is presented. The study focuses on the amine (MEA) decarbonisation plant lay-out and design, also providing economic data about the total capital investment costs of the plant. The system is fuelled with methane that is chemically treated through a partial oxidation and a water-gas shift reactor. CO2 is captured from the resulting gas mixture, using an absorbing solution of water and MEA that is continuously re-circulated through an absorption tower and a regeneration tower: the decarbonised fuel gas is afterwards burned in the gas turbine. The heat required by CO2 sequestration is mainly recovered from the gas turbine exhausts and partially from the fuel treatment section. The reduction in efficiency and the increase in energy production costs due to fuel amine decarbonisation is evaluated and discussed for different gas turbine sizes and technologies (microturbine, small size regenerated, aeroderivative, heavy duty). The necessary level of carbon tax for a conventional plant without a fuel decarbonisation section is calculated and a comparison with the Carbon Exergy Tax procedure is carried out, showing the good agreement of the results.

Up Close: Institut Max von Laue-Paul Langevin, An International Neutron Research Center

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Bernd P. Maier
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Max Von Laue ◽  
Total Capital ◽  
Total Capital Investment

The Institut Max von Laue-Paul Langevin (ILL) at Grenoble, France was formally founded in January 1967, with the signature of an intergovernmental convention between France and the Federal Republic of Germany. The aim was to provide the scientific community of the affiliated countries with a unique neutron beam facility applicable in fields such as the physics of condensed matter, chemistry, biology, nuclear physics, and materials science. The construction of the Institut and its high flux reactor was undertaken as a joint French-German project, with a total capital investment of 335 million French francs.The reactor first went critical in August 1971 and reached its full power of 57 MW for the first time in December 1971. The year 1972 saw the startup of the cold and hot sources, the first instruments, and the beginning of the experimental program.On January 1, 1973, the United Kingdom joined the Institut as a third equal partner, contributing its share to the total capital investment. In December 1986, an agreement on “Scientific Membership” for Spain was signed for a period of five years starting January 1, 1987. The ILL is a nontrading company under French civil law. The three countries are represented by the following associates: Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH (W. Germany), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (France), and Science and Engineering Research Council (United Kingdom). These associates are represented on a Steering Committee which establishes the general rules of the management of the ILL.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF FINTECH DEVELOPMENT ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Tokhtamysh ◽  
◽  
Oleksandr Yaholnytskyi ◽  
Kateryna Hranko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Venture Capital ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Financial Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The article looks over the degree of implementation of FinTech services in the world. It’s determined that the leading countries in the implementation of FinTech are China, India, and South Africa. Crucial influencing factor is demographic, rather than the widespread demand among the population for modern technology. The penetration rate of these services in the United States, where the largest technology companies in the world are located, was only 46%. The share of service users among the population that actively use digital technologies reaches 33%. Noted that the objects of investment of American banks are startups, programming applications of open interfaces and platforms for third-party developers. European banks also aim to invest actively in the development of FinTech but are still more focus on their own development. It is determined that Asian, Australian and African banks tend to develop technological solutions on their own. According to experts, the number of partnership agreements in the world with FinTech companies will increase each year. The analysis of the regional structure of global investments in FinTech carried out. It showed a positive dynamics of investment during 2014–2019. Increasing the size of global investments is due to the interest of investors in new projects and business models. Venture capital investment priorities coincide with global ones and are related to reviewing, updating, and improving business processes. The amount of venture capital invested in FinTech projects stimulates the development of the financial industry, mainly in China, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Ireland. They account for almost 9 times more investment in FinTech than in other countries. Correlation-regression analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between the level of development of the FinTech market and foreign direct investments. According to the results of calculations, the largest impact on foreign direct investment has the volume of venture investment in FinTech-projects and the FinTech market development rating. This proves the positive impact of FinTech companies on the growth of foreign investments in the country.

scholarly journals The Impact of Tourism on the Local Economy in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin-Hong Puah ◽  
Meng-Chang Jong ◽  
Norazirah Ayob ◽  
Shafinar Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The local and international communities play an important role in the sustainable growth of the Malaysian tourism industry. The principle of sustainable growth in the tourism industry was proposed by the World Tourism Organization (WTO) in 1988. As the tourism industry is one of the largest and fastest growing industries in Malaysia, the government has poured considerable effort into promoting this industry consistent with the objective of the Economic Transformation Program (ETP) to transform from a resource-based economy to a service-based economy. This study aimed to test the hypothesis of tourism-led growth from Malaysia’s perspective. The tourism revenue earned by the government can be used to invest in industry to further promote economic growth in Malaysia. Hence, tourist receipts and capital investment in the tourism industry are important factors that can affect the nation’s economic growth. Utilizing Malaysian data from 1995 to 2016, the study employed the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to examine whether the tourism-led growth is valid in this study. Empirical findings indicated that both variables have a significant positive impact on economic growth and the hypothesis of tourism-led growth is accepted in Malaysia.

scholarly journals The Impact of Open Selection on the Number of Corruption Cases in High Leadership Positions (JPT) in Local Governments in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
Winda Hestiecia
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Political Costs ◽  
Total Capital ◽  
Alpha Level ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Merit System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study aims to explain the impact of implementing open selection on the amount of corruption in local government JPT in Indonesia. Using the difference-in-differences-in-differences (DDD) approach, this study analyzes panel data on JPT corruption in Indonesia that have been inkracht handled by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) in the period 2009-2019. The results of theoretical studies and previous research have given rise to the hypothesis that the implementation of open selection has a positive impact on reducing JPT corruption cases in local governments in Indonesia. This study found that the implementation of open selection can reduce the number of corruption cases by -0.892% and significantly at the 10% alpha level in regions with high total capital expenditures. This finding demonstrates the positive impact of open selection on JPT corruption cases and thus supports previous studies on the positive impact of implementing a merit system, in particular open selection on the number of JPT corruption cases in regions with high total spending. In addition, to strengthen the research results by adding case studies and in-depth interviews with KASN and ICW. It was found that it greatly influenced the implementation of open selection. It is the high political costs in the regions that are the main cause that causes corruption of governors, mayors, and regents followed by regional officials to continue to occur.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF CAPITAL INVESTMENT ON THE ECONOMIC GROWTH OF CITIES AND PROVINCES IN THE MEKONG DELTA FROM 2010 TO 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Thuyen Thi Kim Nguyen ◽  
Nghi Quoc Nguyen ◽  
Phuong Hoang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
State Sector ◽  
The Impact

The study was conducted to evaluate the impact of capital investment on the economic growth of cities and provinces in the Mekong Delta. The data were collected in 13 provinces and cities in the Mekong Delta in the period of 2010-2017 and it was collected in the spatial-temporal dimension. Therefore, it is appropriate to apply the panel data regression to the research model. The research results with the significance level of 90% pointed out several outcomes. In the structure of capital sources, private investment has the strongest impact on GRDP growth, followed by the state sector investment, while the foreign investment had no impact on the total output of the Mekong Delta’s cities and provinces. Besides, the study demonstrated that trained employees aged 15 and above, tourism revenue, and fishery production are factors that have a positive impact on the economic growth of the cities and provinces in the Mekong Delta.

EVAL: A methodological approach to identify NPP total capital investment cost drivers and sensitivities

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 190-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Maronati ◽  
Bojan Petrovic ◽  
Jurie J. Van Wyk ◽  
Matthew H. Kelley ◽  
Chelsea C. White
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Cost Drivers ◽  
Total Capital ◽  
Investment Cost ◽  
Total Capital Investment

scholarly journals Impact of Social Capital on Environmental Governance Efficiency—Behavior of Guangdong, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujian Zhang ◽  
Zhijun Gu
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Policy Suggestions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Local Environmental Governance

The main purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of social capital level on environmental governance efficiency in economically developed areas. We choose China’s richest province Guangdong. Compared with other Chinese provinces, Guangdong’s local governments are in better fiscal status, and they can allocate environmental spending in line with the trend of gross domestic product per capita. We want to observe the important factors related to social cognition other than capital investment to gain a more profound influence on the efficiency of local environmental governance. This article assumes that the degree of local social capital will have a great positive impact on the efficiency of regional environmental governance. Super-efficiency slacks-based measure method of data envelopment analysis is adopted to calculate the environmental governance efficiency by considering the expected output and the nonexpected output. Then, short-panel regression was used to analyze the relationship between social capital and environmental governance efficiency. Through an empirical analysis of urban panel data of Guangdong province from 2001 to 2019, it is found that the degree of social capital does have a significant positive impact on the efficiency of local environmental governance. After the research conclusion, we propose some policy suggestions to local governments.

scholarly journals The Heterogeneous Influence of Infrastructure Construction on China’s Urban Green and Smart Development—The Threshold Effect of Urban Scale

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1015
Author(s):  
Lingyan Xu ◽  
Dandan Wang ◽  
Jianguo Du
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Telecommunication Infrastructure ◽  
The Impact

The construction of green and smart cities is an important approach to enhancing the level of high-quality development and modern governance, in which infrastructure construction is the antecedent condition. From the perspective of green total factor productivity (GTFP), this paper adopts the SBM–GML (Slack-Based Model and Global Malmquist–Luenberger) index to measure the urban green and smart development level (GSDL) considering smart input–output factors. Based on the panel data of China’s 223 prefecture-level cities from 2005 to 2018, the dynamic impacts, temporal, and spatial differences of energy, transportation, and telecommunication infrastructure construction on the urban GSDL are discussed, and the threshold effects of urban scale are tested. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) On the whole, energy infrastructure inhibits the urban GSDL, while transportation and telecommunication infrastructures significantly promote it. There are distinct spatial and temporal characteristics among the impacts of these three infrastructures on the urban GSDL, in which the facilitating role of transportation and telecommunication infrastructures are further enhanced during the period of 2013–2018. Furthermore, the impacts of these three infrastructures on the urban GSDL all show “U” shape in terms of non-linearity. (2) Economic development level and industrial structure have significant positive effects on the urban GSDL, whereas human capital only has positive effect in the northeast and southwest regions, and government scale shows no positive impact yet. (3) There is a single threshold for the impact of urban scale on these three infrastructures, among which the impacts of energy and transportation infrastructures on the urban GSDL remain consistent before and after the threshold, while the impact of telecommunication infrastructure on the urban GSDL varies from having no significance to being positive when crossing the threshold. Thus, capital investment for infrastructure construction should be further allocated reasonably, the positive potential of human capital should be fully released, and the urban scale should be appropriately controlled in the future.

scholarly journals Investment Behavior of Enterprises in 2019–2020

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
S. Aukutsionek
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Investment Behavior ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Total Capital ◽  
Total Capital Investment

The article outlines the trends of 2019 – the first half of 2020 in the field of investment behavior of enterprises. The following aspects are examined: the level of investment activity both in terms of equipment purchases and total capital investment; the rating of factors limiting capital investment; the main sources of funds for investment and principal motives to invest; the features of borrowings from banks to finance investment.

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