Control Strategy of Soluble Boron-Free Operation for a Small PWR

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangwen Bi ◽  
Chuntao Tang ◽  
Bo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Control Rod ◽  
Burnable Poison ◽  
Power Operation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Power Distribution Control ◽  
Selection Of

Elimination of soluble boron will be a challenge to reactor operation for PWR. This paper is to promote a control strategy of soluble boron-free operation for a small PWR, through selection of burnable poison (BP), BP loading and control rod loading, based on the reactivity balance and manage requirement. The analysis for on-power operation and shutdown condition indicated that this strategy could be suitable for long-term and short-term reactivity and power distribution control for soluble boron-free operation.

scholarly journals EcoRacer: Game-Based Optimal Electric Vehicle Design and Driver Control Using Human Players

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Ren ◽  
Alparslan Emrah Bayrak ◽  
Panos Y. Papalambros
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Efficient Global Optimization ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Control Problems ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Algorithm Efficiency ◽  
Np Complete ◽  
And Control

We compare the performance of human players against that of the efficient global optimization (EGO) algorithm for an NP-complete powertrain design and control problem. Specifically, we cast this optimization problem as an online competition and received 2391 game plays by 124 anonymous players during the first month from launch. We found that while only a small portion of human players can outperform the algorithm in the long term, players tend to formulate good heuristics early on that can be used to constrain the solution space. Such constraining of the search enhances algorithm efficiency, even for different game settings. These findings indicate that human-assisted computational searches are promising in solving comprehensible yet computationally hard optimal design and control problems, when human players can outperform the algorithm in a short term.

Rule based control of a periodic activated sludge process

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Isaacs ◽  
D. Thornberg
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Periodic Operation ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Criterion Functions ◽  
Strategy Performance ◽  
Working Region ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selection Of

A rule based control strategy for automatically adjusting phase lengths and aeration intensity for an activated sludge nutrient removal process based on a periodic operation is examined using simulations based on the Activated Sludge Model No. 1. The strategy is based on four criterion functions, two which determine the switching of the roles of two nitrifying/denitrifying reactors and two which adjust the dissolved oxygen setpoint levels in the two reactors as functions of ammonia and nitrate concentrations. Trajectory plots of reactor concentrations in the ammonia-nitrate plane are shown to be a useful means of visualizing process and control performance. Together, the trajectories from a working region in the ammonia-nitrate plane, the size and location of which can to some extent be predetermined by selection of the criterion functions. The presented results include the influence of one of the criterion functions on control strategy performance, how an incompatibility between two criterion functions can lead to unsymmetric reactor loading, and the effect of allowing simultaneous nitrification and denitrification during nitrifying periods by reducing the dissolved oxygen level as ammonia is consumed.

scholarly journals Investigating Investment, Inflation, Trade-Openness and Economic Progress Nexus for Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol V (IV) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Aftab Anwar ◽  
Muhammad Masood Anwar ◽  
Ghulam Yahya Khan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Critical Measure ◽  
Selection Of Variables ◽  
Guide Lines ◽  
Selection Of

Since inflation and trade openness rate are considered as critical measure of an economy's health. This article analyze the relation of Economic growth with Investment, Inflation and Trade Openness of Pakistan for 1970- 2019. The policy guide lines from analysis include promotion of policies to increase Investment and Trade-openness in short and long-terms. The study used ARDL bound-testing for long-term and Un-Restricted-Error Correction techniques to discover short-term interrelation amongst a selection of variables. Results of study revealed inflation negatively related to economic performance and positively linked to Investment and Trade-Openness. Findings of enquiry suggested government should focus more on investment friendly policies in the country.

scholarly journals Illegal markets, human trade and transnational organised crime

Temida ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Nikolic-Ristanovic
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Illegal Markets ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Human Trade ◽  
And Control

In this paper the author explores, focusing largely on the example of the Balkans, the connection between the expansion of neoliberal market economy and war, and related to it the growth of illegal markets and the shadow economy, on one hand, and the victimisation by human trafficking, on the other. By locating human trade within expanding local and global illegal markets, the author is arguing that, without taking into consideration wider social contexts, which create structural incentives for illegal markets and transnational organised crime, we can hardly understand the causes, let alone build effective strategies to combat and prevent it. Consequently, on the basis of the analyses of human trade as a form of both transnational organised crime and illegal markets, some strategies (short-term and long-term) for the prevention and control of human trafficking on both the micro and macro level are suggested.

scholarly journals Production of Synseed for Hybrid Cymbidium Using Protocorm-Like Bodies

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Coconut Water ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Synthetic Seed ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Short Term ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Dark Culture ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Synthetic seed were produced from protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of hybrid Cymbidium Twilight Moon ‘Day Light’ after culture on a new medium, Teixeira Cymbidium (TC) medium. This new medium contained, in addition to a unique selection of macro- and micronutrients, 0.1 mg/l α-naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.1 mg/l kinetin, 2 g/l tryptone and 20 g/l sucrose, and was solidified with 8 g/l Bacto agar. Several explant types and sizes (intact PLBs, half-PLBs, PLB longitudinal thin cell layers) were tested. In addition, pretreatment of PLB-synseeds with 200 mM KNO3 solution, the addition of activated charcoal or coconut water to synseeds, light vs dark culture, short-term (1 month) and long-term (6 and 12 months) low-temperature (4°C) storage, as well as cryostorage were also tested. All treatments resulted in less PLBs than the control treatment. Among all these treatments, only the use of TC medium or incorporation of coconut water into synseeds resulted in “germination” while lowtemperature storage (1-6 months) was only possible under liquid TC. These results would allow for the short-term preservation of Cymbidium germplasm but not for effective cryopreservation.

scholarly journals Identification of a New Variety of Avocados (Persea americana Mill. CV. Bacon) with High Vitamin E and Impact of Cold Storage on Tocochromanols Composition

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia Vincent ◽  
Tania Mesa ◽  
Sergi Munne-Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Short Term ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Nutritional Vitamin ◽  
Selection Of

(1) Background: Tocochromanols are a group of fat-soluble compounds including vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols) and plastochromanol-8, and just one avocado can contain up to 20% of the required vitamin E daily intake. (2) Methods: HPLC and LC-MS/MS analyses were performed in avocados of various varieties and origin for the identification and quantification of tocopherols, tocotrienols and plastochromanol-8. After selection of the variety with the highest vitamin E content, we evaluated to what extent short- (4 h) and long-term (10 d) cold storage influences the accumulation of tocochromanols. (3) Results: Analyses revealed that “Bacon” avocados (Persea americana Mill. cv. Bacon) were the richest in vitamin E compared to other avocado varieties (including the highly commercialized Hass variety), and they not only accumulated tocopherols (with 110 µg of α-tocopherol per g dry matter), but also tocotrienols (mostly in the form of γ-tocotrienol, with 3 µg per g dry matter) and plastochromanol-8 (4.5 µg per g dry matter). While short-term cold shock did not negatively influence α-tocopherol contents, it increased those of γ-tocopherol, γ-tocotrienol, and plastochromanol-8 and decreased those of δ-tocotrienol. Furthermore, storage of Bacon avocados for 10 d led to a 20% decrease in the contents of α-tocopherol, whereas the contents of other tocopherols, tocotrienols and plastochromanol-8 were not affected. (4) Conclusions: It is concluded that Bacon avocados (i) are very rich in α-tocopherol, (ii) not only contain tocopherols, but also tocotrienols and plastochromanol-8, and (iii) their nutritional vitamin E value is negatively influenced by long-term cold storage.

The Need for Strategic Planning for Nuclear Power Plant I&C Upgrades

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Douglas Hill ◽  
Paul Moore
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nuclear Plants ◽  
And Control ◽  
Plant Control

Nuclear power plants rely on Instrumentation and Control (I&C) systems for control, monitoring and protection of the plant. The original, analog designs used in most nuclear plants have become or soon will be obsolete, forcing plants to turn to digital technology. Many factors affect the design of replacement equipment, including long-term and short-term economics, regulatory issues, and the way the plant operates on a day-to-day basis. The first step to all modernization projects should involve strategic planning, to ensure that the overall long and short-term goals of the plant are met. Strategic planning starts with a thorough evaluation of the existing plant control systems, the available options, and the benefits and consequences of these options.

The Shift towards Smart, Green and Integrated Raw Materials Efficiency

2014 ◽  
Vol 718 ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
Eva Oravcová ◽  
Miroslav Zelko
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Supervision System ◽  
Requirements Development ◽  
And Control ◽  
Term Data

Comprehensive environmental observation, eco-innovation and smartization are essential to ensure the delivery of the long-term data and information required to address the shift towards smart, green and integrated raw materials efficiency. For this reason we need the mine-wide digitalization and informatization base model, an advanced mine-wide decision support system and a smart supervision system to supervise and control the production, back to predefined short-term production targets with most likelihood and optimal approaches. There are three main steps to be taken: analysis, evaluation and determination of the shift requirements, development of the models as well as modeling of the scenarios and connection to the smart platform for the support of the decision makers. The paper aims to consider what would be required for a raw materials area to operate as a modern smart technology-supported business. It attempts to provide a vision of some future smart architectures scenarios.

The Development of a Generic Qualified Digital Platform

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor S. S. Shyu ◽  
Ming-Huei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Digital Platform ◽  
And Control ◽  
Nuclear Instrumentation

The nuclear industry and research institutes in Taiwan are conducting a joint effort project to establish a self-reliant nuclear Instrumentation and Control (I&C) system design and fabrication capabilities in Taiwan. The purposes of this project, as called Taiwan’s Nuclear I&C System (TaiNICS), are planned to support digital upgrade of the existing nuclear power plants and the new nuclear installations in Taiwan. The project will be a long term pursuit of several task branches, including establishment of a generic qualified digital platform, qualification and certification processes, nuclear I&C systems design, safety analyses for software common cause failure, licensing, and collaboration. The short term goal of this project is to submit the License Topical Report (LTR) of a generic digital platform for the review of Taiwan’s regulatory body in 2013.

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