An Electrochemically Actuated Micro Dosing System With Improved Dosing Control

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Böhm ◽  
Wouter Olthuis ◽  
Piet Bergveld
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Gas Bubbles ◽  
Back Reaction ◽  
Integrated Sensor ◽  
Bubble Generation ◽  
Sensor Actuator ◽  
The Past ◽  
Electrolyte Mixture ◽  
Measured Impedance ◽  
Oxygen Gas

Abstract In this contribution a micromachined electrochemically-actuated micro dosing system is presented, which accurately can manipulate fluids in microsystems in the nanoliter range. The driving force to actively dispense liquids is provided by the electrochemical generation of gas bubbles (hydrogen and oxygen) by the electrolysis of an electrolyte. As these bubbles expand, they indirectly drive liquid out of a liquid filled reservoir, which is in hydraulic contact with the electrolyte in the bubble reservoir. The dosing system consists basically of a micromachined channel/reservoir structure in silicon, realized by dry reactive ion etching (DRIE). On top of this silicon fluidic board, a Pyrex® cover is bonded on which a set of electrodes is structured. These electrodes are applied for the generation of gas bubbles and at the same time, to measure the impedance of the gas/electrolyte mixture that is formed after bubble generation. It will be shown that this measured impedance reflects the gas bubble fraction in the bubble reservoir and that this parameter can be applied in determining the dosed amount of fluid. Besides the integrated sensor/actuator electrodes, measures have been taken to reduce the catalytic back reaction from the hydrogen oxygen gas mixture to water, as have been observed in the past.

Adventism, Apocalyptic, and the Cause of Liberty

1994 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-249
Author(s):  
Douglas Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Conservative Protestantism ◽  
Late Nineteenth

“I have felt like working three times as hard as ever since I came to understand that my Lord was coming back again,” reported revivalist Dwight L. Moody, the most prominent of nineteenth-century premillennialists. Moody's testimony to the motivating power of premillennialism points to the crucial role of that eschatology in conservative Protestantism since the late nineteenth century—a role delineated by several studies within the past twenty-five years. As a comprehensive interpretation of history which gives meaning and pattern to past, present, and future, and a role for the believer in the outworking of the divine program, premillennialism has been a driving force in the fundamentalistand evangelical movements.

Indicators of Possible Driving Forces for the Spread of Quechua and Aymara Reflected in the Archaeology of Cuzco

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
GORDON F. McEWAN
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Alternative Possibilities ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Inca Empire ◽  
Culture History ◽  
History Of

Linguistic studies have shown that the traditional idea that the expansion of the Inca Empire was the driving force behind the spread of all Quechua cannot be correct. Across much of its distribution, Quechua has far greater time-depth than can be accounted for by the short-lived Inca Empire. Linguistics likewise suggests that Aymara spread not from the south into Cuzco in the late Pre-Inca period, but also from an origin to the north. Alternative explanations must be sought for the expansion of these language families in the culture history of the Andes. Archaeological studies over the past two decades now provide a broad, generally agreed-upon outline of the cultural history of the Cuzco region. This chapter applies those findings to examine alternative possibilities for the driving forces that spread Quechua and Aymara, offering a clearer cross-disciplinary view of Andean prehistory.

scholarly journals On the Horizon

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1652-1656
Author(s):  
Marilyn Moffat
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Component Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Course Of Action

Service to this wonderful profession and to this Association has been possible because of the love and support of so many. Many individuals have given their unflagging support for so many years. My thanks to all of the past and current members of our Board of Directors, who have truly been the driving force behind our activities; to the members of our House of Delegates, who set our course of action; to all at the component level, who help to steer much of our action and without whose support little would be possible; and to our Headquarters staff, without whose tireless efforts our accomplishments would, quite simply, not be possible. Countless others within the profession have been an integral part of my life, and to them I shall always be indebted for their mentorship, their expertise, their loyalty, and their friendship.

scholarly journals On Contributing to the Progress of Medical Informatics as Publisher

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
R. Haux ◽  
A. Geissbuhler ◽  
J. Holmes ◽  
M.-C. Jaulent ◽  
S. Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Informatics ◽  
Chief Executive Officer ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
80Th Birthday ◽  
Clinical Informatics ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
The Past

SummaryMay 1st, 2017, will mark Dieter Bergemann’s 80th birthday. As Chief Executive Officer and Owner of Schattauer Publishers from 1983 to 2016, the biomedical and health informatics community owes him a great debt of gratitude. The past and present editors of Methods of Information in Medicine, the IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics, and Applied Clinical Informatics want to honour and thank Dieter Bergemann by providing a brief biography that emphasizes his contributions, by reviewing his critical role as an exceptionally supportive publisher for Schattauer’s three biomedical and health informatics periodicals, and by sharing some personal anecdotes. Over the past 40 years, Dieter Bergemann has been an influential, if behind-the-scenes, driving force in biomedical and health informatics publications, helping to ensure success in the dissemination of our field’s research and practice.

A Feasibility Report on the Comparsion of the Characteristics of Manufacturing a Bearing Cover by the Processes of Sand Casting and Shell Moulding

2018 ◽  
Vol 1148 ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
M.Madhu Vamsi ◽  
V. Pradeep Kumar ◽  
S.H. Shariff
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Cast Aluminum ◽  
The Past ◽  
Casting Alloys ◽  
Aluminum Castings ◽  
Cast Alloys ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Cast Microstructure

The use of aluminum castings in the automotive industry has increased dramatically over the past two decades. The Al-Si system forms the basis of many important casting alloys, LM 0, LM 2, LM 4, LM 5, LM 6, LM 12, LM 13, LM 24 and LM 26 are the major cast alloys used in aerospace casting (e.g., fuel pump connectors) and premium automotive castings (e.g., suspension arms). The driving force for this increased use is vehicle weight reduction for improved performance, particularly fuel efficiency. In many cases the mechanical properties of the cast aluminum parts are superior to those of the cast iron or wrought steel parts being replaced; however, in some applications, defects in the cast microstructure undermine performance characteristics.

scholarly journals 4D Printing Strain Self‐Sensing and Temperature Self‐Sensing Integrated Sensor–Actuator with Bioinspired Gradient Gaps

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. 2000584
Author(s):  
Daobing Chen ◽  
Qingping Liu ◽  
Zhiwu Han ◽  
Junqiu Zhang ◽  
HongLie Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
4D Printing ◽  
Integrated Sensor ◽  
Sensor Actuator
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