Analysis of Extended Environomic Cost Influence on Conventional Energy Systems Design

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Borchiellini ◽  
M. Calì ◽  
M. Santarelli
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
High Investment ◽  
Economic Balance

Abstract In the paper the authors analyse how the application of an extended environomic procedure, based on charges linked to the pollutant activities of energy systems, influences the energy behaviour of energy systems. If in the economic balance of an energy plant a cost is assigned only to the pollutant emissions (Environmental Cost), it can be shown that this choice allows a good promotion of the abatement devices and of the switching fuel approach, but the efficient utilization of energy resources is not sufficiently promoted. The extended approach, here analysed, takes into account both the pollutant emissions and the inefficient use of energy resources. In the proposed method, on the basis of thermodynamic considerations, a cost is assigned to the exergy rate destroyed inside the system and to the exergy flows rejected into the biosphere with the plant wastes (Efficiency Penalty). Many calculations have been developed using different sets of both the Environmental Cost and the Efficiency Penalty; assigning different weights to them. The calculations have been applied to a 30 MWel gas turbine cogeneration power plant (CGAM), and to an existing 350 MW combined cycle, considering the pollutant emissions of CO, NOx, SOx and CO2. The obtained results show that this approach can become a real energy policy instrument: in fact it allows to stimulate high efficiency design of conventional plants and advanced high-efficiency low-pollutant energy systems, becoming an opportunity to disseminate advanced technologies that still have difficulties to compete in the energy market due to their high investment costs.

scholarly journals Feasibility of mini combined cycles for naval applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 07008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Barsi ◽  
Carlo Costa ◽  
Francesca Satta ◽  
Pietro Zunino ◽  
Vitaly Sergeev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Near Future

The objective of energy production with low environmental impact will have, in the near future, high potential of development also for naval applications. The containment of pollutant emissions can be achieved by the combined use of an innovative mini gas-steam combined cycle with thermal energy cogeneration to feed the ship thermal utilities, in place of the current Diesel engine application, and liquefied natural gas as fuel (LNG). The present work is focused on the definition of the architecture of the plant, by selecting optimal distribution of pressure and temperature and repartition of power between Gas Turbine (GT), Steam Turbine (ST) and thermal utilities, as well as on the choice and sizing of the individual components. The main purpose is the definition of a compact, high efficiency, system. The proposed basic mini-cycle ranges from 2 MW to 10 MW electric power. Thanks to the combined heat and power cogeneration plant adopted, for an overall electrical efficiency of about 30%, a total return (thermal + electricity) of about 75% can be achieved. An example of plant providing large power, in a partially modular arrangement is also proposed.

SOFC Management in Distributed Energy Systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Chiappini ◽  
Andrea Luigi Facci ◽  
Laura Tribioli ◽  
Stefano Ubertini
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Utilization Factor ◽  
Distributed Power Generation

Among the distributed generation emerging technologies, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) seem to be the most promising for small and medium power (up to 1 MW) as they feature extremely high efficiency and low pollutant emissions, and the high-grade waste heat can be utilized for space heating, process steam, and/or domestic hot water demands. As their main drawbacks are high cost and relatively short lifetime, much research is devoted to solve technological problems and to develop less expensive materials and mass production processes. However, even if SOFCs are close to commercialization and several demonstration units are already running, only few researches have been performed on their integration in power plants for distributed power generation, which are complex systems made up of different components that have to satisfy energy requirements (heat, electricity, and cooling). In this paper, we investigate the behavior of SOFCs in distributed energy systems and how their operation in terms of load and fuel utilization factor could optimize fuel consumption and/or minimize energy costs. The potential advantages of SOFCs related to their excellent part-load operation and their ability to meet and follow the highly noncoincident electric and thermal loads in either grid-connected or stand-alone configurations are discussed.

Repowering of an Existing Cogeneration Plant Including Environmental Cost Internalization

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Calì ◽  
A. F. Massardo ◽  
M. Santarelli
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Cost Evaluation ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Cogeneration Plant ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
The Cost

In this paper an existing cogeneration plant (134 MWel and 225 MWth) based on gas turbine and steam cycle technology, has been investigated. The main goal of the work is to analyse different repowering options for the plant taking into account the capital cost of the new devices, the cost of the fuel and the cost related to the CO2 emissions. For the analysis of the repowering alternatives the Thermoeconomic Analysis has been utilised. Two different approaches have been used for the CO2 emissions cost evaluation: the classical Carbon Tax approach using political charges on the unit ton of emitted CO2, and one proposed by the Authors linked to the efficient utilization of energy resources in the plants, and based on the exergy analysis. In the paper the two procedures for the evaluation of the charges on the CO2 emissions and their influence on the choice of the repowering option, and how they promote the adoption of a high efficiency repowering solutions have been discussed.

Environomic Optimization for Combined Plants Including CO2 Influence

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Santarelli ◽  
R. Borchiellini ◽  
A. F. Massardo
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Environmental Considerations ◽  
Energy Plants

In the paper two environomic procedures for the analysis and the optimization of energy systems, where environmental considerations are taken into account together with thermodynamic and economic ones, are presented. The aim is the assignment to energy plants of costs linked to their pollutant activities. The problem is faced with two different environomic approaches: (a) a method assigning a cost to the pollutant emissions (environmental cost); (b) a method assigning a cost to the exergy destroyed inside the system and rejected in the biosphere with the plant wastes (efficiency penalty). As an example the environomic analysis is developed considering the pollutant emissions (CO, NOx and SOx) of an existing 700 MW combined power plant. Finally, a procedure to determine an efficiency penalty to the emitted CO2 is presented, and a comparison is developed between the results obtained by the two environomic approaches.

scholarly journals Eco-Emission Analysis of Multi-Carrier Microgrid Integrated with Compressed Air and Power-to-Gas Energy Storage Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4681
Author(s):  
Khashayar Hamedi ◽  
Shahrbanoo Sadeghi ◽  
Saeed Esfandi ◽  
Mahdi Azimian ◽  
Hessam Golmohamadi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Emission Analysis ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Power To Gas

Growing concerns about global greenhouse gas emissions have led power systems to utilize clean and highly efficient resources. In the meantime, renewable energy plays a vital role in energy prospects worldwide. However, the random nature of these resources has increased the demand for energy storage systems. On the other hand, due to the higher efficiency of multi-energy systems compared to single-energy systems, the development of such systems, which are based on different types of energy carriers, will be more attractive for the utilities. Thus, this paper represents a multi-objective assessment for the operation of a multi-carrier microgrid (MCMG) in the presence of high-efficiency technologies comprising compressed air energy storage (CAES) and power-to-gas (P2G) systems. The objective of the model is to minimize the operation cost and environmental pollution. CAES has a simple-cycle mode operation besides the charging and discharging modes to provide more flexibility in the system. Furthermore, the demand response program is employed in the model to mitigate the peaks. The proposed system participates in both electricity and gas markets to supply the energy requirements. The weighted sum approach and fuzzy-based decision-making are employed to compromise the optimum solutions for conflicting objective functions. The multi-objective model is examined on a sample system, and the results for different cases are discussed. The results show that coupling CAES and P2G systems mitigate the wind power curtailment and minimize the cost and pollution up to 14.2% and 9.6%, respectively.

scholarly journals Modeling Energy Efficiency Performance and Cost-Benefit Analysis Achieving Net-Zero Energy Building Design: Case Studies of Three Representative Offices in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5201
Author(s):  
Kittisak Lohwanitchai ◽  
Daranee Jareemit
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Zero Energy Building ◽  
Investment Cost ◽  
High Investment

The concept of a zero energy building is a significant sustainable strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The challenges of zero energy building (ZEB) achievement in Thailand are that the design approach to reach ZEB in office buildings is unclear and inconsistent. In addition, its implementation requires a relatively high investment cost. This study proposes a guideline for cost-optimal design to achieve the ZEB for three representative six-story office buildings in hot and humid Thailand. The energy simulations of envelope designs incorporating high-efficiency systems are carried out using eQuest and daylighting simulation using DIALux evo. The final energy consumptions meet the national ZEB target but are higher than the rooftop PV generation. To reduce such an energy gap, the ratios of building height to width are proposed. The cost-benefit of investment in ZEB projects provides IRRs ranging from 10.73 to 13.85%, with payback periods of 7.2 to 8.5 years. The energy savings from the proposed designs account for 79.2 to 81.6% of the on-site energy use. The investment of high-performance glazed-windows in the small office buildings is unprofitable (NPVs = −14.77–−46.01). These research results could help architects and engineers identify the influential parameters and significant considerations for the ZEB design. Strategies and technical support to improve energy performance in large and mid-rise buildings towards ZEB goals associated with the high investment cost need future investigations.

Externally-Fired Combined Cycle Repowering of Existing Steam Plants

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian L. Vandervort ◽  
Mohammed R. Bary ◽  
Larry E. Stoddard ◽  
Steven T. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Capital Cost ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Generating Capacity

The Externally-Fired Combined Cycle (EFCC) is an attractive emerging technology for powering high efficiency combined gas and steam turbine cycles with coal or other ash bearing fuels. The key near-term market for the EFCC is likely to be repowering of existing coal fueled power generation units. Repowering with an EFCC system offers utilities the ability to improve efficiency of existing plants by 25 to 60 percent, while doubling generating capacity. Repowering can be accomplished at a capital cost half that of a new facility of similar capacity. Furthermore, the EFCC concept does not require complex chemical processes, and is therefore very compatible with existing utility operating experience. In the EFCC, the heat input to the gas turbine is supplied indirectly through a ceramic heat exchanger. The heat exchanger, coupled with an atmospheric coal combustor and auxiliary components, replaces the conventional gas turbine combustor. Addition of a steam bottoming plant and exhaust cleanup system completes the combined cycle. A conceptual design has been developed for EFCC repowering of an existing reference plant which operates with a 48 MW steam turbine at a net plant efficiency of 25 percent. The repowered plant design uses a General Electric LM6000 gas turbine package in the EFCC power island. Topping the existing steam plant with the coal fueled EFCC improves efficiency to nearly 40 percent. The capital cost of this upgrade is 1,090/kW. When combined with the high efficiency, the low cost of coal, and low operation and maintenance costs, the resulting cost of electricity is competitive for base load generation.

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