The Use of Multifunctional Composite Materials in Large Scale Naval Applications

Structural Loading ◽

Naval Structures ◽

Abstract The U. S. Navy has a long-standing history of ship design using metals. With the improvements in weapon systems, it is becoming increasingly critical to design ship structures not only to satisfy the structural loading but also to exhibit additional multifunctional properties. This is becoming evident with structures such as the Advanced Enclosed Mast Sensor System, AEM/S, which was installed on the USS Radford. This structure was designed to house radar systems and allow the passage of certain radar frequencies through the structure while simultaneously not allowing the penetration of radar at other frequencies. In addition, the structure was designed to reduce the ship’s detectability. This paper will present a summary of the large-scale composite manufacturing that is being considered for Naval Structures. These structures are being manufactured using low-cost manufacturing techniques and are incorporating multifunctional characteristics in addition to meeting the structural requirement of the application. This paper will provide a historical discussion on the use of composite applications in the surface fleet.

Micromolding Fabrication of Biocompatible Dry Micro-Pyramid Array Electrodes for Wearable Biopotential Monitoring

Flexible and Printed Electronics ◽

10.1088/2058-8585/ac3561 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marco Vinicio Alban ◽

Haechang Lee ◽

Hanul Moon ◽

Seunghyup Yoo

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Low Cost ◽

Skin Irritation ◽

Electrode Impedance ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Solution Processes ◽

Dry Electrodes ◽

Array Electrode ◽

Low Cost Manufacturing ◽

Electromyography Signals

Abstract Thin dry electrodes are promising components in wearable healthcare devices. Assessing the condition of the human body by monitoring biopotentials facilitates the early diagnosis of diseases as well as their prevention, treatment, and therapy. Existing clinical-use electrodes have limited wearable-device usage because they use gels, require preparation steps, and are uncomfortable to wear. While dry electrodes can improve these issues and have demonstrated performance on par with gel-based electrodes, providing advantages in mobile and wearable applications; the materials and fabrication methods used are not yet at the level of disposable gel electrodes for low-cost mass manufacturing and wide adoption. Here, a low-cost manufacturing process for thin dry electrodes with a conductive micro-pyramidal array is presented for large-scale on-skin wearable applications. The electrode is fabricated using micromolding techniques in conjunction with solution processes in order to guarantee ease of fabrication, high device yield, and the possibility of mass production compatible with current semiconductor production processes. Fabricated using a conductive paste and an epoxy resin that are both biocompatible, the developed micro-pyramidal array electrode operates in a conformal, non-invasive manner, with low skin irritation, which ensures improved comfort for brief or extended use. The operation of the developed electrode was examined by analyzing electrode-skin-electrode impedance, electroencephalography, electrocardiography, and electromyography signals and comparing them with those measured simultaneously using gel electrodes.

Compensation of the impact of low-cost manufacturing techniques in the design of E-plane multiport waveguide junctions

Radio Science ◽

10.1002/2016rs006027 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (6) ◽

pp. 619-628

Author(s):

A. A. San-Blas ◽

J. M. Roca ◽

S. Cogollos ◽

J. V. Morro ◽

V. E. Boria ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Low Cost Manufacturing ◽

The Impact

Low-cost manufacturing process for nanostructured metals and alloys

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.2002.0362 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 17 (10) ◽

pp. 2484-2488 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Travis L. Brown ◽

Srinivasan Swaminathan ◽

Srinivasan Chandrasekar ◽

W. Dale Compton ◽

Alexander H. King ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nanostructured Materials ◽

Manufacturing Process ◽

Large Scale ◽

Bulk Material ◽

Low Cost ◽

Limited Range ◽

Pure Metals ◽

The Cost ◽

Machining Operations ◽

In spite of their interesting properties, nanostructured materials have found limited uses because of the cost of preparation and the limited range of materials that can be synthesized. It has been shown that most of these limitations can be overcome by subjecting a material to large-scale deformation, as occurs during common machining operations. The chips produced during lathe machining of a variety of pure metals, steels, and other alloys are shown to be nanostructured with grain (crystal) sizes between 100 and 800 nm. The hardness of the chips is found to be significantly greater than that of the bulk material.

Low-Cost Technology for the Prevention of Cervical Cancer in Cameroon

JCO Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/go.20.10000 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 8-8

Author(s):

Nkegoum Blaise ◽

Mboumtou Liliane

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Large Scale ◽

Low Cost ◽

Screening Method ◽

Previous History ◽

Pap Smears ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

History Of ◽

Large Scale Screening

PURPOSE Our aim was to assess the accuracy of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) as a screening method for cervical lesions. METHODS VIA and cytologic smears were carried out on the cervices of nonpregnant women age 30 to 60 years with no previous history of cervical cancer. Cervices with acetowhite lesions or positive Pap smears, as well as 1 in 10 negative cervices (control), were biopsied. RESULTS Of patients, 10,020 women were enrolled and 9,626 (96.1%) were screened. With screening, 9,534 patients (99.0%) had adequate cytology smears, 1,148 (11.9%) underwent colposcopy, and 3,486 biopsies were obtained, of which 1,056 were controls. Sensitivity of VIA was 70.4% versus 47.7%, specificity was 77.6% versus 94.2%, positive predictive value was 44.0% versus 67.2%, and negative predictive value was 91.3% versus 87.8% for Papanicolau test, respectively. CONCLUSION VIA has acceptable test qualities and is now well implemented as a large-scale screening method in Cameroon.

Advanced packaging and low cost manufacturing techniques for GaAs microwave modules

10.1109/gaas.1990.175456 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

E.D. Niehenke ◽

F.E. Sacks ◽

M.D. Kline ◽

A. Simon ◽

W. Luce

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Advanced Packaging ◽

Low-cost manufacturing techniques for passive-integrated optical devices

10.1117/12.236129 ◽

1996 ◽

Author(s):

Richard W. Ridgway ◽

Vincent D. McGinniss ◽

Paul G. Andrus ◽

James R. Busch

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Optical Devices ◽

Integrated Optical ◽

Integrated Optical Devices ◽

Evaluation of low cost manufacturing technologies for large scale composite ship structures

10.2514/6.1997-1171 ◽

1997 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Loc Nguyen ◽

Thomas Juska ◽

J. Mayes ◽

Loc Nguyen ◽

Thomas Juska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Low Cost ◽

Ship Structures ◽

Manufacturing Technologies ◽

Composite Ship ◽

An Integrated Design and Simulation Environment for Rapid Prototyping of Laminate Robotic Mechanisms

Volume 5B: 42nd Mechanisms and Robotics Conference ◽

10.1115/detc2018-86359 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammad Sharifzadeh ◽

Roozbeh Khodambashi ◽

Daniel M. Aukes

Keyword(s):

Design Space ◽

Low Cost ◽

Integrated Design ◽

Design Tool ◽

Simulation Environment ◽

Laminate Design ◽

To Come ◽

Low Cost Manufacturing ◽

Model Based Analysis

Laminate mechanisms are a reliable concept in producing low-cost robots for educational and commercial purposes. These mechanisms are produced using low-cost manufacturing techniques which have improved significantly during recent years and are more accessible to novices and hobbyists. However, iterating through the design space to come up with the best design for a robot is still a time consuming and rather expensive task and therefore, there is still a need for model-based analysis before manufacturing. Until now, there has been no integrated design and analysis software for laminate robots. This paper addresses some of the issues surrounding laminate analysis by introducing a companion to an existing laminate design tool that automates the generation of dynamic equations and produces simulation results via rendered plots and videos. We have validated the accuracy of the software by comparing the position, velocity and acceleration of the simulated mechanisms with the measurements taken from physical laminate prototypes using a motion capture system.

Organic light detectors

Organic Electronics ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198529729.003.0007 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 568-802

Author(s):

Stephen R. Forrest

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Organic Solar Cells ◽

Large Scale ◽

Low Cost ◽

Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽

Organic Light ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Device Reliability ◽

Device Lifetime ◽

This chapter introduces the major concepts governing the operation of organic photoconductors, photodiodes, and solar cells. Quantum efficiency, gain, noise, bandwidth, and the trade-offs between these parameters are discussed. Organic light detectors are used in sensing and communications, although the predominant interest is in solar cells. The unique properties of organics, including flexibility and conformability, also make them useful in applications such as position-sensitive detection and in imaging, as considered in this chapter. Methods for quantifying and measuring solar cell and detector efficiency are described, leading to a derivation of the thermodynamic efficiency limits for solar power generation. Materials and device architectures for minimizing energy loss include single and multijunction cells, singlet fission, and semitransparent cells. Quantifying and achieving very high device reliability is considered, along with criteria for acceptable practical device lifetime. Finally, we discuss processes developed for large-scale and low-cost manufacturing of organic solar cells.

Enabling High-Throughput, Low-Cost Manufacturing of OLED Display and Lighting Panels

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-1212-s06-06-c07-06 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 1212 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael Long ◽

Bruce E Koppe ◽

Neil P Redden ◽

Michael L Boroson ◽

Tukaram K Hatwar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Low Cost ◽

Utilization Efficiency ◽

Color Filter ◽

Vacuum Deposition ◽

Deposition Rates ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Low Cost Manufacturing ◽

Deposition Technology

AbstractLarge-scale manufacturing of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) panels for lighting and display has been slowed by several manufacturing factors, prominent among which are low throughput due in part to the fine metal mask technology for patterning the red-, green-, and blue-light-emitting pixels and low materials utilization efficiency of the available vacuum deposition technology. To overcome these impediments to low-cost OLED manufacturing, Kodak developed a blanket white-emitting OLED architecture in combination with a pixilated color filter array to eliminate the need for fine metal masks and developed a vacuum deposition technology capable of high deposition rates and high materials utilization efficiency. These developments, taken together, allow much higher throughput and yield on fifth-generation and larger substrates that promise to enable low-cost manufacturing of OLED displays and lighting panels. This paper focuses on the deposition technology Kodak developed, a flash vaporization process that can deliver very high materials utilization efficiency at high deposition rates for small-molecule OLED materials without increasing material decomposition.