Using Textile Topography to Analyze X-Ray CT Data of Composite Microstructure

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Parnas ◽  
Martine Wevers ◽  
Ignaas Verpoest
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Ct Data

Abstract The 3-dimensional yam architecture in a 2-dimensional woven fabric reinforced composite is nonuniform. Many structural features appear that are not obvious from consideration only of the yarn architecture in the single layer textile fabric. A complete set of 3-dimensional image data was acquired for a representative volume of the composite using X-ray micro-computed tomography. Extensive image analysis was, however, necessary to reveal the yarn architecture due to relatively low signal-to-noise ratio and contrast levels relative to optical microscopy of polished cross sections.

Internal Structure of the Sheared Textile Composite Reinforcement: Analysis Using X-Ray Tomography

2015 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Barburski ◽  
Ilya Straumit ◽  
Stepan V. Lomov
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Textile Composite ◽  
Fibre Direction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Geometrical Properties

X-ray micro computed tomography (Micro-CT) is a non-destructive technique that can provide information on the internal structure of materials. The purpose of micro-CT is to assess the presence of defects as well as characterizing internal structures and potential damage present in the produced part. Simple shear is an interesting deformation mechanism for woven fabric draping. The internal structure change of the carbon fibre twill fabric after shear deformation is chosen as a subject of this paper. Parameters of the mesoscopic internal structure of the woven fabric like cross section, shape, area, and middle line coordinates can be obtained from micro-CT images through image processing procedures. Details of the image data processing for sheared fabric cross sections are discussed. This paper illustrates the possibilities of micro-focus computer tomography in materials research, namely for defining geometrical properties of textile. Image processing is also used for the recognition of fibre direction in the yarns. Described methodology can be applied for determining structure of a fabric, and the results can be used for further micromechanical modelling. Identification of the fibres orientation is important for estimation of the mechanical properties of composites and can be achieved with image processing techniques.

Morphology and Affinities of Ampelocissites Seeds (Vitaceae: Ampelopsis clade) from the Paleogene of Texas, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-482
Author(s):  
Steven R. Manchester
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fossil Seeds ◽  
Fossil Genus

Abstract—The type material on which the fossil genus name Ampelocissites was established in 1929 has been reexamined with the aid of X-ray micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) scanning and compared with seeds of extant taxa to assess the relationships of these fossils within the grape family, Vitaceae. The specimens were collected from a sandstone of late Paleocene or early Eocene age. Although originally inferred by Berry to be intermediate in morphology between Ampelocissus and Vitis, the newly revealed details of seed morphology indicate that these seeds represent instead the Ampelopsis clade. Digital cross sections show that the seed coat maintains its thickness over the external surfaces, but diminishes quickly in the ventral infolds. This feature, along with the elliptical chalaza and lack of an apical groove, indicate that Ampelocissites lytlensis Berry probably represents Ampelopsis or Nekemias (rather than Ampelocissus or Vitis) and that the generic name Ampelocissites may be useful for fossil seeds with morphology consistent with the Ampelopsis clade that lack sufficient characters to specify placement within one of these extant genera.

Assessment and quantification of ballistic impact damage of a single-layer woven fabric composite

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enock Bonyi ◽  
Christopher S Meyer ◽  
Bridgit Kioko ◽  
Oreoluwa Adesina ◽  
Carisse Lansiquot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Damage ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Matrix Cracking ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Matrix Cracks ◽  
Circular Frame ◽  
Fabric Composite ◽  
Cylindrical Steel ◽  
Ballistic Limit Velocity

A methodology is developed to visually analyze and quantify macroscale and mesoscale impact damage on a single layer of S-2 glass/SC15 toughened epoxy plain weave composite. Specimens were clamped in a 203 mm diameter circular frame and impacted by a 5.5 mm (0.22 caliber) right circular cylindrical steel projectile at impact velocities ranging from 104 to 472 m/s. High-resolution images were obtained at the point of impact and up to the edge of the circular frame using an 80 MP camera. Three types of mesoscale damage were identified: (i) transverse tow cracks, (ii) tow–tow delamination, and (iii) 45° matrix cracks. A MATLAB program was developed to translate the image data into a digital damage map whereby the output of color intensity correlated with the quantity and type of material damage. Digital maps generated for select specimens revealed that characteristic damage patterns arise for woven fabric composites including a diamond pattern in matrix cracking and a cross pattern in tow–tow delamination. The greatest extent of matrix cracks and tow–tow delamination over any specimen was observed for the projectile impact with initial velocity of 174 m/s, which is very close to the calculated ballistic limit velocity of 175 m/s.

scholarly journals 3D immersive visualization of micro-computed tomography and XRD texture datasets

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
M. A. Rodriguez ◽  
T. T. Amon ◽  
J. J. M. Griego ◽  
H. Brown-Shaklee ◽  
N. Green
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Texture Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Strain ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Pole Figures ◽  
Ct Data

Advancements in computer technology have enabled three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, data-stitching, and manipulation of 3D data obtained on X-ray imaging systems such as micro-computed tomography (μ-CT). Likewise, intuitive evaluation of these 3D datasets can be enhanced by recent advances in virtual reality (VR) hardware and software. Additionally, the generation, viewing, and manipulation of 3D X-ray diffraction datasets, such as pole figures employed for texture analysis, can also benefit from these advanced visualization techniques. We present newly-developed protocols for porting 3D data (as TIFF-stacks) into a Unity gaming software platform so that data may be toured, manipulated, and evaluated within a more-intuitive VR environment through the use of game-like controls and 3D headsets. We demonstrate this capability by rendering μ-CT data of a polymer dogbone test bar at various stages of in situ mechanical strain. An additional experiment is presented showing 3D XRD data collected on an aluminum test block with vias. These 3D XRD data for texture analysis (χ, ϕ, 2θ dimensions) enables the viewer to visually inspect 3D pole figures and detect the presence or absence of in-plane residual macrostrain. These two examples serve to illustrate the benefits of this new methodology for multidimensional analysis.

scholarly journals A Review of Current Challenges and Case Study toward Optimizing Micro-Computed X-Ray Tomography of Carbon Fabric Composites

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3606
Author(s):  
Armin Rashidi ◽  
Tina Olfatbakhsh ◽  
Bryn Crawford ◽  
Abbas S. Milani
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymers ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fabric Composites ◽  
Low X ◽  
Composite Fabrics

X-ray computed tomography provides qualitative and quantitative structural and compositional information for a broad range of materials. Yet, its contribution to the field of advanced composites such as carbon fiber reinforced polymers is still limited by factors such as low imaging contrast, due to scarce X-ray attenuation features. This article, through a review of the state of the art, followed by an example case study on Micro-computed tomography (CT) analysis of low X-ray absorptive dry and prepreg carbon woven fabric composites, aims to highlight and address some challenges as well as best practices on performing scans that can capture key features of the material. In the case study, utilizing an Xradia Micro-CT-400, important aspects such as obtaining sufficient contrast, an examination of thin samples, sample size/resolution issues, and image-based modeling are discussed. The outcome of an optimized workflow in Micro-CT of composite fabrics can assist in further research efforts such as the generation of surface or volume meshes for the numerical modeling of underlying deformation mechanisms during their manufacturing processes.

Cylindrical Orthotropic Thermal Conductivity of Spiral Woven Composites Part I: Modelling of a Spiral Woven Structure

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Chuan Cheng ◽  
Chang-Hsuan Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Geometric Parameters ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Woven Composites ◽  
Shape Functions ◽  
Fundamental Structure ◽  
Geometric Characteristics ◽  
Woven Structure

This is the first a series of papers on the cylindrical orthotropic thermal conductivity of spiral woven composites. The geometric characteristics of spiral woven composites are modelled in the present study. A single layer of spiral woven fabric is considered as a fundamental structure and used to develop representative models, including round disc and polygon ones. In these representative models, crimps, cross-sections, and radial and circumferential arrangements of yarns are illustrated by cosine and arc yarn shape functions. A trapezoidal unit cell extracted from a polygon model will provide the next project in the series, with basic geometric parameters to develop thermal models for determining the thermal conductivities of spiral woven composites.

Microfocus X-ray Diffraction of Historical Parchment Reveals Variations in Structural Features through Parchment Cross Sections

Nano Letters ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 1373-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig J. Kennedy ◽  
Jennifer C. Hiller ◽  
Donna Lammie ◽  
Michael Drakopoulos ◽  
Marie Vest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Resolution extension by image summing in serial femtosecond crystallography of two-dimensional membrane-protein crystals

IUCrJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia M. Casadei ◽  
Ching-Ju Tsai ◽  
Anton Barty ◽  
Mark S. Hunter ◽  
Nadia A. Zatsepin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Protein Crystals ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray

Previous proof-of-concept measurements on single-layer two-dimensional membrane-protein crystals performed at X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) have demonstrated that the collection of meaningful diffraction patterns, which is not possible at synchrotrons because of radiation-damage issues, is feasible. Here, the results obtained from the analysis of a thousand single-shot, room-temperature X-ray FEL diffraction images from two-dimensional crystals of a bacteriorhodopsin mutant are reported in detail. The high redundancy in the measurements boosts the intensity signal-to-noise ratio, so that the values of the diffracted intensities can be reliably determined down to the detector-edge resolution of 4 Å. The results show that two-dimensional serial crystallography at X-ray FELs is a suitable method to study membrane proteins to near-atomic length scales at ambient temperature. The method presented here can be extended to pump–probe studies of optically triggered structural changes on submillisecond timescales in two-dimensional crystals, which allow functionally relevant large-scale motions that may be quenched in three-dimensional crystals.

scholarly journals Spectral X-ray computed micro tomography: a tool for 3-dimensional chemical imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Sittner ◽  
Margarita Merkulova ◽  
Jose Ricardo da Assuncao Godinho ◽  
Axel Renno ◽  
Veerle Cnudde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Imaging ◽  
Drill Core ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Micro Tomography ◽  
3D Information

<p>Image-based analytical tools in geosciences are indispensable for the characterization of minerals, but most of them are limited to the surface of a polished plane in a sample and lack 3D information. X-ray micro computed tomography (micro CT) provides the missing 3D information of the microstructures inside samples. However, a major drawback of micro CT in the characterization of minerals is the lack of chemical information that makes mineral classification challenging.</p><p>Spectral X-ray micro computed tomography (Sp-CT) is a new and evolving tool in different applications such as medicine, security, material science, and geology. This non-destructive method uses a multi-pixel photon-counting detector (PCD) such as cadmium telluride (CdTe) in combination with a conventional CT scanner (TESCAN CoreTOM) to image a sample and detect its transmitted polychromatic X-ray spectrum. Based on the spectrum, elements in a sample can be identified by an increase in attenuation at specific K-edge energies. Therefore, chemically different particles can be distinguished inside a sample from a single CT scan. The method is able to distinguish elements with K-edges in the range from 25 to 160 keV, which applies to elements with Z > 48 (Sittner et al., 2020).</p><p>We present results from various sample materials. Different pure elements and element oxides were measured to compare the position of theoretical and measured K-edge energies. All measured K-edge energies are slightly above the theoretical value, but based on the results a correction algorithm could be developed. Furthermore, different monazite grains were investigated, which can be divided into two groups with respect to the content of different RE elements on the basis of the spectrum: La-Ce-rich and La-Ce-poor. In addition, samples from the Au-U Witwatersrand Supergroup demonstrate the potential applications of Sp-CT for geological samples. We measured different drill core samples from the Kalkoenkrans Reef at the Welkom Gold field. Sp-CT can distinguish gold, uraninite and galena grains based on their K-edge energies in the drill core without preparation.</p><p>Sittner, J., Godinho, J. R. A., Renno, A. D., Cnudde, V., Boone, M., De Schryver, T., Van Loo, D., Merkulova, M., Roine, A., & Liipo, J. (2020). Spectral X-ray computed micro tomography: 3-dimensional chemical imaging. X-Ray Spectrometry, September, 1–14.</p>

scholarly journals Microstructure of a Paint Primer - a Data-Constrained Modeling Analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 1686-1689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Yang ◽  
Da Chao Gao ◽  
Tim Muster ◽  
Andrew Tulloh ◽  
Scott Furman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microstructure Modeling ◽  
Modeling Analysis ◽  
Multiphase Systems ◽  
Filler Particles ◽  
Ct Data

Metallic aerospace components are commonly painted with a primer to improve their corrosion resistance. The primer contains a polymer matrix with embedded corrosion inhibitor and filler particles. Its performance is determined by the microscopic distributions of the particles. Various techniques have been used to quantify such distributions, including X-ray micro-computed tomography (CT). However, its success is sometimes limited by factors such as different particles having similar X-ray CT absorption properties and their size being smaller than the resolution of micro-CT. In this paper, we have performed two X-ray CT measurements on a paint primer sample consisting of SrCrO4 corrosion inhibitor particles and UV-absorbing TiO2 filler particles. Fe and Ti targets were used as X-ray sources with different spectral distributions. The measured CT data sets were used as constraints for a data-constrained microstructure modeling (DCM) prediction of the sample’s microscopic structures. DCM model predictions were compared with experimental elemental surface maps and showed reasonable degree of agreement, suggesting X-ray micro-CT combined with DCM modeling would be a powerful technique for detailing the dynamics of chromate-inhibited primers and other multiphase systems where the components are sensitive to incident X-ray energy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document