On the Stability Analysis of the Human Spine

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. El-Rich ◽  
A. Shirazi-Adl
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Material Handling ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Human Spine ◽  
Manual Material Handling ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Force Relationship

The stability of the human spine in compression has attracted a considerable amount of attention in recent years. The passive ligamentous thoracolumbar and lumbar spines are known to exhibit large displacements or hypermobility (i.e., instability in an imperfect column) under compression loads <100N. Since such compression loads are only a small fraction of those supported by the spine even in regular daily activities, let aside the manual material handling tasks, the question arises as to how the spine is stablized in vivo? Various stabilizing mechanisms have been proposed and investigated; wrapping loading [Shirazi-Adl and Parnianpour, 2000], postural adaptations [Shirazi-Adl and parnianpor, 1999], intra-abdominal pressure [Cholewicki et al, 1999] and muscle activation/coactivation [Bergmark, 1989; Crisco and Panjabi, 1991]. In this work, a novel kinematics-based methad [Shirazi-Adl et al., 2002] is first applied to compute muscle forces and internal loads in standing postures under gravity with or without 200N loads held either on sides or close to the body in front. The stability of the system under given loads and prescribed postures is sudsequently examined using both linear bucking analysis based on the deformed configurations and nonlinear analysis while employing a liner stiffness-force relationship for muscules [Bergmark, 1989; Crico and Panjabi, 1991]. The relative accuracy of foregoing methods in stability analysis of some sample structures is also investigated. Moreover, the effect of co-activity on stability of the spine in neutral postures is studied.

Myotomal slow muscle function of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss during steady swimming.

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (10) ◽  
pp. 1659-1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Hammond ◽  
J D Altringham ◽  
C S Wardle
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Negative Power ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Strain and activity patterns were determined during slow steady swimming (tailbeat frequency 1.5-2.5 Hz) at three locations on the body in the slow myotomal muscle of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using sonomicrometry and electromyography. Strain was independent of tailbeat frequency over the range studied and increased significantly from +/-3.3 % l0 at 0.35BL to +/-6 % at 0.65BL, where l0 is muscle resting length and BL is total body length. Muscle activation occurred significantly later in the strain cycle at 0.35BL (phase shift 59 degrees) than at 0.65BL (30 degrees), and the duration of activity was significantly longer (211 degrees at 0.35BL and 181 degrees at 0.65BL). These results differ from those of previous studies. The results have been used to simulate in vivo activity in isolated muscle preparations using the work loop technique. Preparations from all three locations generated net positive power under in vivo conditions, but the negative power component increased from head to tail. Both kinematically, and in the way its muscle functions to generate hydrodynamic thrust, the rainbow trout appears to be intermediate between anguilliform swimmers such as the eel, which generate thrust along their entire body length, and carangiform fish (e.g. saithe Pollachius virens), which generate thrust primarily at the tail blade.

The Stability of Veins Under Torsion

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin R. Garcia ◽  
Hai-Chao Han
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Interest ◽  
The Stability

Twisted veins are observed throughout the body and are often associated with health risks such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus [1]. Recently, it has been shown that veins will buckle and become tortuous when lumen pressure exceeds a critical value [2]. However, veins also undergo twist deformations in vivo due to body movement, vein grafting, and microanastomosis procedures which may lead to reduced patency, kinking, and thrombus formation [3, 4]. In spite of this, little data is available regarding the stability of veins when subject to twist deformations. Therefore, it is of clinical interest to investigate the mechanical stability of veins under torsion.

scholarly journals EVALUATION AND PRIORITIZATION OF FACTORS AFFECTING ENERGY EXPENDITURE OF WORKERS ENGAGED IN MANUAL MATERIAL HANDLING USING ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harwinder Singh ◽  
Amandeep Singh ◽  
Paramjit Singh Bilga ◽  
Lakhwinder Pal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
Material Handling ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Physical Work Capacity ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Manual Material Handling ◽  
Hierarchy Process

<p class="MainHeadings">The present study aimed to evaluate energy expenditure of workers engaged in a manual material handling task .The various factors/sub factors influencing energy expenditure with physical impact on the human body were prioritized in terms of weight values by using the Analytical Hierarchy Process. The study included a sample of sixty male workers with a mean age ± SD of 40.34 ± 7.65, data with respect to their job activity and physical characteristics were collected using a validated questionnaire. The results showed an average working heart rate ± SD of 124.5±12.24 beats/min and average energy expenditure ± SD of 3370.33 ± 283.86 kcal; these are clear indicators of strenuous activity. The results of the AHP evaluation showed physical workload (PW) as the most important factor followed by physical work capacity (PWC), type of activity (TOA), organizational factors (OF) and personal factors (PF) with weight values of 0.454139, 0.252781, 0.129274, 0.125318 and 0.038488 respectively. The study concluded with prioritization of various factors contributing to a high rate of energy expenditure which may lead to overexertion and musculoskeletal injuries. The findings indicated an utmost need to redesign job content with the addition of some periods of break time in order for the body to recover from the excessive energy expenditure.</p>

Analisis Manual Material Handling Pada Pekerja Borongan Di PT. JC dengan Metode NBM dan RWL

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mochamad Nuri Affa ◽  
Boy Isma Putra
Keyword(s):  
Material Handling ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
The Body ◽  
Voltage Level ◽  
Materials Handling ◽  
Manual Material Handling ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Manual Materials Handling ◽  
Body Map ◽  
A Company

PT. JC is a company that uses means of transporting goods to the manual process, or so-called Manual Materials Handling (MMH) is done by workers in the Department of Warehouse. In addition to the process of moving goods by using aids such as forklifts manual removal is still needed in this company because it has advantages compared to using the tool for material removal manually can be done in a limited space. In the process of manual material handling led to several complaints that arise and can be analyzed using a Nordic body map (NBM). The use of nordic body map is an appropriate method to use because by analyzing the map of the body aimed at any part of the body feels pain.Besides complaints can also be known value Recomended Weight Limit (RWL) as recommended by NIOSH (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health) on estimates possibility of stretching further to the value of Lifting Index (LI) aims to determine the estimated value relative to the voltage level of physical processes manual material handling. From manual material handling processes that cause the symptoms of musculoskeletal disorder completion technically be done to minimize the effects on workers. keywords:Manual Material Handling, Muskuloskelatal Disorder, Nordic body map,Recomended Weight Limit , Lifting Index.

MYOTOMAL MUSCLE FUNCTION AT DIFFERENT LOCATIONS IN THE BODY OF A SWIMMING FISH

1993 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Altringham ◽  
C. S. Wardle ◽  
C. I. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Travelling Waves ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Cycle Frequency ◽  
Lateral Muscle

We describe experiments on isolated, live muscle fibres which simulate their in vivo activity in a swimming saithe (Pollachius virens). Superficial fast muscle fibres isolated from points 0.35, 0.5 and 0.65 body lengths (BL) from the anterior tip had different contractile properties. Twitch contraction time increased from rostral to caudal myotomes and power output (measured by the work loop technique) decreased. Power versus cycle frequency curves of rostral fibres were shifted to higher frequencies relative to those of caudal fibres. In the fish, phase differences between caudally travelling waves of muscle activation and fish bending suggest a change in muscle function along the body. In vitro experiments indicate that in vivo superficial fast fibres of rostral myotomes are operating under conditions that yield maximum power output. Caudal myotomes are active as they are lengthened in vivo and initially operate under conditions which maximise their stiffness, before entering a positive power-generating phase. A description is presented for the generation of thrust at the tail blade by the superficial, fast, lateral muscle. Power generated rostrally is transmitted to the tail by stiffened muscle placed more caudally. A transition zone between power generation and stiffening travels caudally, and all but the most caudal myotomes generate power at some phase of the tailbeat. Rostral power output, caudal force, bending moment and force at the tail blade are all maximal at essentially the same moment in the tailbeat cycle, as the tail blade crosses the swimming track.

Stability analysis of disease reactions and yield of green gram [Vigna radiate (L.)Wilczck ] against Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum truncatum

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Marak ◽  
Sunita Mahapatra ◽  
Srikanta Das
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Colletotrichum Truncatum ◽  
Challenge Inoculation ◽  
Vigna Radiate ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Experiment was conducted during 2012- 2014 to screen 41 green gram genotypes against anthracnose (Colletotrichum truncatum) under the effect of challenge inoculation both in vivo and in field at university research farm AB block, Gayespur and Jaguli, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India. Attempt was also made to evaluate the stability in yield and disease reactions under this specific biotic stress. Under in-vivo condition all the 38genotypes were found to be moderately resistant except three Sonali, PM-4 and Pusa- 1174 showed moderately susceptible reaction. Whereas, in field stability analysis showed that four genotypes TARM- 18, CZMK-1, PM-D5 and Sukumar were resistant, three genotypes were moderately susceptible (Sonali, PM-4 Pusa-1174) and 34 genotypes showed moderately resistant reaction. Whereas, among the 34 moderately resistant genotypes, 18 genotypes RMG-62 , RVSM-14, NVL- 638, HUM-16, Utkarsha, CZMS-1, AKMN-09-02, ML-1464, KM12-29, AKM-10-13, PM-2, PUSA 0932, RMG- 975, IPM- 306-6, MB-37, IPM-3/2-2, ML-1741 appeared to be stable for disease reaction and yield with high regression co- efficient (bi>_1 ) and low deviation from regression. (s2di less than 1).

scholarly journals MANUAL MATERIAL HANDLING IN THE ‘KARUNG’ LIFTING PROCESS USING BIOMECHANIC AND PHYSIOLOGI APPROACH

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Okka Adiyanto ◽  
Fajar Aji Prasetyo ◽  
Muhammad Faris Kautsar Ramadhani
Keyword(s):  
Material Handling ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorder ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Manual Material Handling ◽  
Safe Condition ◽  
Spinal Damage ◽  
Lifting Techniques

This study was aimed at minimizing musculoskeletal disorder (MSDs) in heavers on traditional markets by completing facilities and improving lifting techniques that are in accordance with ergonomic aspects. This research was conducted in traditional markets with heaver objects which are often carried out in the process of moving goods. This study used biomechanics and physiology methods to be able to analyze body posture so that it can prevent spinal damage. The data were then analyzed using Maximum Permissible Limit (MPL), which previously carried out data collection on the size of the body posture. The analysis of the results was done to determine the value of the compression force (FC). FC values are the basis for comparison with Action Limit (AL). The results show that FC values = 10,018,078N, FC> MPL. Importantly, the position of the heavers’ posture is at a dangerous level. Proposed improvements using a tool and after being developed again will result in changes in FC values to 3370.94, FC <AL means the position of the body in a safe condition. The results of this study are expected to provide an assessment that helps prevent spinal damage.MANUAL MATERIAL HANDLING PADA PROSES PENGANGKATAN KARUNG MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN BIOMEKANIKA DAN FISIOLOGI Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meminimumkan keluhan Musculoskeletal disorder (MSDs) pada pekerja kuli panggul di pasar tradisional dengan merancang fasilitas dan memperbaiki teknik memindahkan barang yang sesuai dengan aspek ergonomis. Penelitian ini dilakukan di pasar tradisional dengan objek kuli panggul yang sering melakukan proses pemindahan barang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan biomekanika dan fisiologi untuk dapat menganalisis postur tubuh sehingga dapat mencegah cedera tulang belakang. Data kemudian dianalisa menggunakan Maximum Permissible Limit (MPL) yang sebelumnya dilakukan pengambilan data ukuran postur tubuh pekerja tersebut. Analisis hasil dari perhitungan dilakukan untuk mengetahui nilai dari force compresion (FC). Nilai FC menjadi dasar untuk dibandingkan dengan Action Limit (AL). Hasil dari analisa didapat nilai FC = 10.018,078N, FC>MPL. Artinya, posisi postur tubuh pekerja dalam level berbahaya. Usulan perbaikan dengan menggunakan alat bantu dan setelah dianalisis kembali maka akan menghasilkan perubahan nilai FC menjadi 3370,94; FC< AL artinya posisi tubuh dalam keadaan aman. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan rekomendasi alat bantu sehingga dapat mencegah cedera tulang belakang.

Lifting Performed on Laterally Slanted Ground Surfaces

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (14) ◽  
pp. 1325-1329
Author(s):  
Zongliang Jiang ◽  
Gwanseob Shin ◽  
Jacklyn Freeman ◽  
Stephanie Reid ◽  
Gary A. Mirka
Keyword(s):  
Material Handling ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Slant Angle ◽  
Manual Material Handling ◽  
Lateral Forces ◽  
Outdoor Work ◽  
Biomechanical Responses

Many outdoor work environments (e.g. agriculture and construction) require manual material handling activities on variable grade ground surfaces. Quantifying biomechanical responses for lifting under these conditions may provide insight into the etiology of lifting-related injuries. The aim of the current study was to quantify the effect of laterally slanted ground surfaces on biomechanical responses. Ten subjects performed lifting exertions (using a 40% of max load) while standing on a platform that was laterally tilted at 0, 10, 20 and 30 degrees from horizontal. During the lifting tasks the whole body kinematics were collected, which were later used in a dynamic biomechanical model to calculate the time-dependent moment about L5/S1 and the time-dependent lateral forces acting on the body segments. The results showed a consistent reduction in the peak dynamic L5/S1 moment (decreased by 9%) and an increase in the lateral forces (increased by 111%) with increasing slant angle.

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