Characterization of Real Time Producer Gas Generation From Paper Sludge Gasification

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunye Shi ◽  
Tejasvi Sharma ◽  
Albert Ratner
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
H2 Formation ◽  
Combustible Gases

Biomass Gasification is incomplete combustion of biomass resulting in production of combustible gases consisting of Carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrogen (H2) and traces of Methane (CH4), the mixture of which is called producer gas. Producer gas can be cleaned and directly used in internal combustion engines or can be converted to various attractive biofuels. The paper sludge is a byproduct produced from recycled cardboard and into pallets. This paper is focused on gasification of paper sludge and its real-time gas evolution through this process. Variables include temperature; equivalence ratio and superficial velocity were tested and analyzed. Results demonstrate that CO2 and H2 formation is favored at higher temperature and higher oxygen concentrations. CO production is ruled by oxidation and water shift reactions but it is difficult to determine from two single variables.

scholarly journals Sustainability Investigation of Vehicles’ CO2 Emission in Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8237
Author(s):  
István Árpád ◽  
Judit T. Kiss ◽  
Gábor Bellér ◽  
Dénes Kocsis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
The European Union ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Technology System ◽  
Low Co2

The regulation of vehicular CO2 emissions determines the permissible emissions of vehicles in units of g CO2/km. However, these values only partially provide adequate information because they characterize only the vehicle but not the emission of the associated energy supply technology system. The energy needed for the motion of vehicles is generated in several ways by the energy industry, depending on how the vehicles are driven. These methods of energy generation consist of different series of energy source conversions, where the last technological step is the vehicle itself, and the result is the motion. In addition, sustainability characterization of vehicles cannot be determined by the vehicle’s CO2 emissions alone because it is a more complex notion. The new approach investigates the entire energy technology system associated with the generation of motion, which of course includes the vehicle. The total CO2 emissions and the resulting energy efficiency have been determined. For this, it was necessary to systematize (collect) the energy supply technology lines of the vehicles. The emission results are not given in g CO2/km but in g CO2/J, which is defined in the paper. This new method is complementary to the European Union regulative one, but it allows more complex evaluations of sustainability. The calculations were performed based on Hungarian data. Finally, using the resulting energy efficiency values, the emission results were evaluated by constructing a sustainability matrix similar to the risk matrix. If only the vehicle is investigated, low CO2 emissions can be achieved with vehicles using internal combustion engines. However, taking into consideration present technologies, in terms of sustainability, the spread of electric-only vehicles using renewable energies can result in improvement in the future. This proposal was supported by the combined analysis of the energy-specific CO2 emissions and the energy efficiency of vehicles with different power-driven systems.

Characterization of the Ring Pack Lubricant and its Environment

1995 ◽  
Vol 209 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Burnett ◽  
B Bull ◽  
R J Wetton
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Piston Ring ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Ring Groove ◽  
Direct Sampling ◽  
Engine Wear ◽  
Ring Pack ◽  
Motion Characterization

The performance characteristics of the piston ring-liner assembly and the lubricant within it are critical for the operation of modern internal combustion engines. The ring pack can directly affect engine friction, oil consumption and oil degradation, which in turn can impact upon fuel economy, emissions and engine wear. The operation of this system is complex and no single technique is capable of fully characterizing the processes occurring. This paper outlines the range of both experimental and theoretical methods that are being applied to the study of this system and the lubricant within it. These include the modelling of ring pack gas and oil flows, and direct measurement of piston temperatures, ring belt pressures and piston ring motion. Characterization of lubricant degradation via direct sampling of oil from the top ring groove of an operating engine has also been used. The merits of such a multi-faceted approach are discussed in relation to piston deposit formation.

Characterization of Biodiesel from Vegetable Oil Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

2012 ◽  
Vol 260-261 ◽  
pp. 312-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinando Corriere ◽  
Giorgia Peri ◽  
Vincenzo La Rocca
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Mass Percentage ◽  
Heating Value

Biodiesel from vegetable oils has been analyzed and its suitability for internal combustion engines has been assessed. The Standard biofuel’s characteristics have been investigated. Gas chromatography (GC) tests were carried out to characterize the fatty acid behavior. It was found that the mass percentage of saturated fatty acids did not change substantially with time, while unsaturated fatty acids increased with time for both B100 and B30. An increase in density for B100 and B30 with time was noted. Biodiesel density was within the standardization. The calorific values of biodiesel and its blend increased with time. Higher heating value for B100 increased from 41 to 43 MJ/kg while B30 increased from 44 to 45 MJ/kg.

Real-time brake torque estimation for internal combustion engines

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Franco ◽  
Matthew A. Franchek ◽  
Karolos Grigoriadis
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Brake Torque ◽  
Torque Estimation

scholarly journals Virtual Instrument for Emissions Measurement of Internal Combustion Engines

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Pérez ◽  
Rogelio Ramos ◽  
Gisela Montero ◽  
Marcos Coronado ◽  
Conrado García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Virtual Instrument ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Signal Conditioning ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Combustion Emissions

The gases emissions measurement systems in internal combustion engines are strict and expensive nowadays. For this reason, a virtual instrument was developed to measure the combustion emissions from an internal combustion diesel engine, running with diesel-biodiesel mixtures. This software is called virtual instrument for emissions measurement (VIEM), and it was developed in the platform of LabVIEW 2010® virtual programming. VIEM works with sensors connected to a signal conditioning system, and a data acquisition system is used as interface for a computer in order to measure and monitor in real time the emissions of O2, NO, CO, SO2, and CO2 gases. This paper shows the results of the VIEM programming, the integrated circuits diagrams used for the signal conditioning of sensors, and the sensors characterization of O2, NO, CO, SO2, and CO2. VIEM is a low-cost instrument and is simple and easy to use. Besides, it is scalable, making it flexible and defined by the user.

A CNC Manufacturing Method for Parts with Trochoidal Profile

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Sotiris L. Omirou ◽  
Marios M. Fyrillas
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Interpolation Algorithm ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Mechanical Parts ◽  
Milling Machines

AbstractThis paper presents a manufacturing method for parts with trochoidal profile on CNC milling machines. The method is based on a new real-time interpolation algorithm capable to drive the cutter along the offset of trochoid curves with precision equal to the resolution of the machine. The structure of the presented algorithm may be adapted accordingly so as to be used either for parts with an epitrochoidal or a hypotrochoidal profile. Both types of curves, known as trochoid curves, have important industrial applications such as gears with trochoidal tooth-profile, cams, trochoidal-shaped housings for rotary internal combustion engines and rotary piston pumps etc. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method is verified by simulation tests of the generated tool path for the machining of two representative mechanical parts, an inner rotor of a hypogerotor pump and an epitrochoidal-shaped housing.

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