Experimental Study on Evacuation Process Considering Social Relation in a Tall Building

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaping Ma ◽  
Lihua Li ◽  
Ning Ding ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Tao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Relation ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Building Evacuation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Crowd Evacuation ◽  
Evacuation Behaviors ◽  
Elevator Evacuation

Elevator evacuation has been considered in high-rise building evacuation in the world, especially in China. Elevator safety has been widely studied for this purpose and technical standards are also available in different countries. However, it is critical to understand human behaviors in elevator evacuation before elevators can be used in building evacuation. It is expected that social relation (family, friend, classmate, etc.) will play an important role on evacuation behaviors. However, researches are largely missing on social relation and its impacts on movement and behaviors of the evacuees. This paper aims to investigate the crowd evacuation considering social relation. An evacuation experiment is conducted in a 11-storey office building. Participants who take part in the experiment include individuals, families and lovers. Evacuation behaviors especially decision-making as well as important factors affecting evacuees’ choices are discussed. Movement characteristics of evacuees in the stair are also analyzed. It is concluded that family members will take actions, such as take elevators or stairs, together. Females and evacuees in poor condition prefer to take the elevator during evacuation. Many pairs or small groups may be formed owing to social relations. The groups take more time to make decision. The members in small groups may block the traffic and slow down the speed of the crowd. Evacuation efficiency changes greatly considering small group behaviors and social relations. Experimental results are helpful for determining the effective rules and regulations in elevator evacuation in high-rise buildings.

scholarly journals Students Social Based Mobility Model for MANET-DTN Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dávid Hrabčák ◽  
Martin Matis ◽  
L’ubomír Doboš ◽  
Ján Papaj
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Real World ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Social Relation ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wireless Mobile

In the real world, wireless mobile devices are carried by humans. For this reason, it is useful if mobility models as simulation tools used to test routing protocols and other MANET-DTN features follow the behaviour of humans. In this paper, we propose a new social based mobility model called Students Social Based Mobility Model (SSBMM). This mobility model is inspired by the daily routine of student’s life. Since many current social based mobility models give nodes freedom in terms of movement according to social feeling and attractivity to other nodes or places, we focus more on the mandatory part of our life, such as going to work and school. In the case of students, this mandatory part of their life is studying in university according to their schedule. In their free time, they move and behave according to attractivity to other nodes or places of their origin. Finally, proposed SSBMM was tested and verified by Tools for Evaluation of Social Relation in Mobility Models and compared with random based mobility models. At the end, SSBMM was simulated to examine the impact of social relations on routing protocols.

scholarly journals What does ‘Culture’ Mean in French? A Theoretical Mapping and Fractal Analysis of the Sociology of Culture in France

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-455
Author(s):  
Olivier Alexandre
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Boundary Work ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
Sociology Of Culture ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Cultural Policies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fractal Process ◽  
Depth Interviews

This article charts the development of the sociology of culture in France. First, it examines the hypothesis of a French model, putting into perspective the correlation between cultural policies and dedicated sociological inquiries at the end of the 1950s. ‘Culture’ is one of the oldest fields of research in France, and current research still derives from the same anthropological matrix. Yet French sociologists present themselves as part of a divided and competitive academic domain. This article, based on an encompassing review of the literature as well as on in-depth interviews, accordingly distinguishes eight different ‘schools’ – organized around pre-eminent academics, concept producers and resource providers – as well as circles of collaboration. Whilst these circles organize their theoretical activity around emblems (with the word ‘culture’ referring to different conceptual sets) the social relations in their midst are organized around dyads, which usually transition from positive collaboration to rivalry. The article highlights the importance of these divisions as a fractal process and as boundary work for scientific production. From this perspective, the sociology of culture in France could be described as a large and extensive system of concepts and collaborations developed within small groups, within and between which, as with all ‘cultural’ matters, symbolic activity is the key basis for social status.

scholarly journals Filmic witness to the 1964 Kitty Genovese murder

Urban History ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 642-642
Author(s):  
CARRIE RENTSCHLER
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Male Violence ◽  
Moving Image ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The Past ◽  
City Street ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

ABSTRACTThis essay examines a body of films that represent and re-enact the infamous 1964 Catherine Genovese rape and murder, helping to define the crime as a problem of bystander non-intervention exacerbated by urban living conditions and the ‘high rise anxieties’ of apartment dwellers. The moving image culture around the Genovese case tells a story about male violence against women in the city through the perspective of urban apartment dwellers, who are portrayed as bystander witnesses to both the city and to the social relations of stranger sociability in the city. Films depict the killing of Kitty Genovese, sometimes through fictional analogues to her and the crime, as an outcome of failed witnessing, explicating those failures around changing ideas about urban social relations between strangers, and ways of surveilling the city street from apartment windows. By portraying urban bystanders as primarily non-interventionist spectators of the Genovese rape and murder, films locate the conditions of femicide and responsibility for it in detached modes of seeing and encountering strangers. By analysing film as forms of historic documentation and imagination, as artifacts of historically and contextually different ways of telling and revising the story of the Genovese murder as one of bystander non-intervention in gender violence in the city, the essay conceptualizes film and filmic re-enactments as a mode of paying witness to the past.

scholarly journals Evacuation egress in high rise building: Review of the current design evacuation solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 03012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazrina Mansor ◽  
Yazmin Sahol Hamid ◽  
Nurul Huda Suliman ◽  
Nursafarina Ahmad ◽  
Noorfaizah Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Tall Building ◽  
Building Evacuation ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Safety Systems ◽  
Engineering Practices

In the aftermath of the September 11th attack, design of tall buildings particularly in the aspect of safety systems and structural robustness, arguably the most crucial issues that is deliberated till to date. Concerning the safety systems specifically on evacuation egress, many novels and innovative evacuation solutions for high rise buildings that have been researched and put forward, for instances Platform Rescue Systems (PRS), Controlled Descent Devices (CDD) and Escape Chutes. Still, the practicability of the existing proposed egress systems to be implemented in the real-life situation and its compliance with the tall building design legislation remain unknown. For developing countries such as Malaysia and United Arab Emirates, tall buildings play a role as an iconic landmark. While countries like China and Hong Kong, tall building is needed due to the scarcity of land and high populations. As more than one hundred tall structure exists in the world, and will be increasing by 2020; therefore, it is urgently needed that existing engineering practices in designing tall building to be reviewed with respect to evacuation egress. The main objective of this paper is to create awareness among developers, consultants and contractors that proper evacuation egress in tall building design and development is a must. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the existing engineering practices on tall building evacuation planning systems and design. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the currently proposed systems and its consideration amongst structural and safety engineers are also reported.

Numerical Simulation for Outdoor Thermal Environment of High-Rise Building With Air-Conditioner

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Lige Tong ◽  
Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Installation Space ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Rise ◽  
High Rise Building ◽  
Heat Released

A large number of split-type air conditioner are widely used in high-rise residential or office buildings in China and the outdoor units of air-conditioner are often installed at the sidewalls or on the roofs in the confined space of a high-rise building. The factors affecting the performance of air-conditioner are the solar radiation, the heat released from the outdoor units, the ventilation of the confined installation space of a building where the outdoor units are installed and so on, which are investigated in this study. The air flow and temperature distribution under steady-state condition near the two outdoor units installed on the same storey in a building are simulated by software FLUENT, in which the porous model and DO radiation model are used. The optimum installation distance from the supporting wall is obtained. The average temperature of the exit surface without wind is 1.18% more than that with wind. The results show that the heat released from the outdoor units and the ventilation of the confined installation space where the outdoor units are installed are the main factors affecting the thermal environment in the confined installation space; The influence of the solar radiation can be neglected.

Design of Evacuation Systems for Elevator Evacuation in High-Rise Buildings

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 600-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Nilsson ◽  
◽  
Axel Jönsson
Keyword(s):  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Elevator Evacuation

As tall buildings are becoming more common there is a need to examine alternative evacuation strategies. In response to this many new high-rise buildings are equipped with evacuation elevators. Traditionally, elevators have not been used for evacuation and people have been instructed to avoid using them in fire emergencies. It might therefore be quite challenging to get people to use elevators for evacuation. If evacuation elevators are to be perceived as an attractive option people must be given appropriate information and guidance. In the following paper, previous research is examined in order to identify the information required to convince people to use evacuation elevators. In addition, a theory that can aid the design of evacuation systems, i.e., the tools for conveying the information, is presented and applied. Finally, a research strategy for developing and testing new evacuation systems is presented.

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