Towards Computational Prediction of Wind Turbine Flow and Noise

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Murilo Basso
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Broadband Noise ◽  
Aerodynamic Noise ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Noise Generation ◽  
Upwind Schemes ◽  
The Impact

Wind energy is a clean, renewable, and fast-growing energy source for power generation. However, the noise issue, especially the aerodynamic noise, has become a critical obstacle in wind energy development. To determine the impact of the wind turbine noise and to guide the design and siting of wind turbines to minimize the disturbances on the local community, better understanding of the noise generation mechanisms as well as more accurate noise prediction techniques are necessary. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Phase VI wind turbine at different wind speeds and tip pitch angles have been performed using ANSYS Fluent. The computational domain extends about 3 times of the wind turbine blade radius in the upstream direction, and 6 times the blade radius in the downstream and transverse directions. The shear-stress transport (SST) k-omega turbulence model is used. Second-order upwind schemes are used for the momentum and turbulence equations. The predicted pressure coefficients and power are in good agreement with the experimental data. The effects of wind speed and tip pitch angle on noise generation have also been investigated using the broadband noise source model. The Ffowcs-Williams Hawkings equation is also currently being used to obtain the far-field noise.

scholarly journals Tourist Viewshed Externalities and Wind Energy Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob R. Fooks ◽  
Kent D. Messer ◽  
Joshua M. Duke ◽  
Janet B. Johnson ◽  
Tongzhe Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Hotel Room ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Large Wind

This study uses an experiment where ferry passengers are sold hotel room “views” to evaluate the impact of wind turbines views on tourists’ vacation experience. Participants purchase a chance for a weekend hotel stay. Information about the hotel rooms was limited to the quality of the hotel and its distance from a large wind turbine, as well as whether or not a particular room would have a view of the turbine. While there was generally a negative effect of turbine views, this did not hold across all participants, and did not seem to be effected by distance or hotel quality.

scholarly journals Numerical and experimental investigations of the impacts of the integration of wind energy into distribution network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ramesh Kumar Behara
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Doubly Fed ◽  
The Impact

The growing needs for electric power around the world has resulted in fossil fuel reserves to be consumed at a much faster rate. The use of these fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum and natural gas have led to huge consequences on the environment, prompting the need for sustainable energy that meets the ever increasing demands for electrical power. To achieve this, there has been a huge attempt into the utilisation of renewable energy sources for power generation. In this context, wind energy has been identified as a promising, and environmentally friendly renewable energy option. Wind turbine technologies have undergone tremendous improvements in recent years for the generation of electrical power. Wind turbines based on doubly fed induction generators have attracted particular attention because of their advantages such as variable speed, constant frequency operation, reduced flicker, and independent control capabilities for maximum power point tracking, active and reactive powers. For modern power systems, wind farms are now preferably connected directly to the distribution systems because of cost benefits associated with installing wind power in the lower voltage networks. The integration of wind power into the distribution network creates potential technical challenges that need to be investigated and have mitigation measures outlined. Detailed in this study are both numerical and experimental models to investigate these potential challenges. The focus of this research is the analytical and experimental investigations in the integration of electrical power from wind energy into the distribution grid. Firstly, the study undertaken in this project was to carry out an analytical investigation into the integration of wind energy in the distribution network. Firstly, the numerical simulation was implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink software. Secondly, the experimental work, was conducted at the High Voltage Direct Centre at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. The goal of this project was to simulate and conduct experiments to evaluate the level of penetration of wind energy, predict the impact on the network, and propose how these impacts can be mitigated. From the models analysis, the effects of these challenges intensify with the increased integration of wind energy into the distribution network. The control strategies concept of the doubly fed induction generator connected wind turbine was addressed to ascertain the required control over the level of wind power penetration in the distribution network. Based on the investigation outcomes we establish that the impact on the voltage and power from the wind power integration in the power distribution system has a goal to maintain quality and balance between supply and demand.

scholarly journals Potential of Wind Energy in Albania and Kosovo: Equity Payback and GHG Reduction of Wind Turbine Installation

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Mevlan Qafleshi ◽  
Driton R. Kryeziu ◽  
Lulezime Aliko
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
The Impact

The energy generation in Albania is completely from the hydropower plants. In terms of GHG emissions this is 100% green. In Kosovo 97% of energy is generated from lignite fired power plants. Apart the energy generation, the combustion process emits around 8000 ktCO2/yr and 1.5 Mt of ash in the form of fly and bottom ash. In both countries there is no MWh power generated from wind energy, i.e. this energy source is not utilized. Here, a proposed project for five locations in Albania and Kosovo has been analyzed in detail with the aim of installing a 1kW wind turbine off-grid. The method of study is based on the application of RETScreen International program software. This proposed model is intended to replace a base case- a diesel generator with installed capacity 7kW.  The locations are selected three in Albania: Vlora, Korça and Elbasan, and two in Kosovo: Prishtina and Prizren. All are in different altitudes. By the calculation of RETScreen program, it has been analyzed the feasibility of the proposed projects by installing a wind turbine at hub’s height 20m. The climate data for each location were retrieved by the RETScreen program from NASA. Generally, the calculation of financial parameters for the investments came out to be positive, the impact of GHG reduction very significant. A 5500 USD investment for the implementation of proposed case showed an equity payback time of 2-3 yrs and GHG reduction of 2.2 tCO2/yr. The electricity delivery to load only from this 1 KW wind turbine resulted to be between 1.6-17 MWh/yr.

The Impact of Ice Formation on Wind Turbine Performance and Aerodynamics

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Barber ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
S. Jafari ◽  
N. Chokani ◽  
R. S. Abhari
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Power Curves

Wind energy is the world’s fastest growing source of electricity production; if this trend is to continue, sites that are plentiful in terms of wind velocity must be efficiently utilized. Many such sites are located in cold, wet regions such as the Swiss Alps, the Scandinavian coastline, and many areas of China and North America, where the predicted power curves can be of low accuracy, and the performance often deviates significantly from the expected performance. There are often prolonged shutdown and inefficient heating cycles, both of which may be unnecessary. Thus, further understanding of the effects of ice formation on wind turbine blades is required. Experimental and computational studies are undertaken to examine the effects of ice formation on wind turbine performance. The experiments are conducted on a dynamically scaled model in the wind turbine test facility at ETH Zurich. The central element of the facility is a water towing tank that enables full-scale nondimensional parameters to be more closely matched on a subscale model than in a wind tunnel. A novel technique is developed to yield accurate measurements of wind turbine performance, incorporating the use of a torquemeter with a series of systematic measurements. These measurements are complemented by predictions obtained using a commercial Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamics code. The measured and predicted results show that icing typical of that found at the Guetsch Alpine Test Site (2330 m altitude) can reduce the power coefficient by up to 22% and the annual energy production (AEP) by up to 2%. Icing in the blade tip region, 95–100% blade span, has the most pronounced effect on the wind turbine’s performance. For wind turbines in more extreme icing conditions typical of those in Bern Jura, for example, icing can result in up to 17% losses in AEP. Icing at high altitude sites does not cause significant AEP losses, whereas icing at lower altitude sites can have a significant impact on AEP. Thus, the classification of icing is a key to the further development of prediction tools. It would be advantageous to tailor blade heating for prevention of ice buildup on the blade’s tip region. An “extreme” icing predictive tool for the project development of wind farms in regions that are highly susceptible to icing would be beneficial to wind energy developers.

scholarly journals Trailing Edge Thickness Effect on Tonal Noise Emission Characteristics from Wind Turbine Blades

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
Satya Prasad MADDULA ◽  
Vasishta Bhargava NUKALA ◽  
Venkata Swamy Naidu NEIGAPULA
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Broadband Noise ◽  
Thickness Effect ◽  
Sound Power ◽  
Noise Generation ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Trailing Edge ◽  
Sound Power Level

Broadband noise generation from wind turbine blades is one of the fundamental aspects of flow-induced noise. Besides the turbulent boundary layer flow over the blades, factors such as the angle of attack, the turbulence intensity, the trailing edge thickness of the blade and their shapes strongly influence the overall sound power levels at high frequencies, i.e. f > 8 kHz. In large operating wind farms, a trade-off between noise generation and power production is considered by power utility firms to maximize the return on investment (ROI) and minimize the fatigue damage on wind turbine components. The present work deals with the analysis of the thickness effect on trailing edge bluntness noise level at hub height average wind speeds of 7 m/s, 10 m/s. A semi-empirical BPM model was used to predict the sound pressure levels from the 37 m blade length of a 2MW wind turbine. The receiver configuration was fixed at a distance of 120 m from the source height of 80 m. The results demonstrated that as the trailing edge height increased from 0.1 % to 0.5 % of the local chord, the sound power level increased by ~ 17 dB for frequencies > 200 Hz, but decreased by 16 dB when the thickness is 0.1 % local chord. The computed results of the sound power level using the BPM model have been validated using experimental data and showed a good agreement for the tonal frequencies, f ~ 10 kHz, where the trailing edge bluntness noise becomes dominant.

scholarly journals Techno-economic analysis and modelling of the feasibility of wind energy in Kuwait

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Seyed Amir Kaboli ◽  
Reyhaneh Nazmabadi
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Wind Power Generation ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
The Impact

There continues to be significant attention and investment in wind power generation, which can supply a high percentage of the global demand for renewable energy if harvested efficiently. The research study is based on techno-economic analysis of the feasibility of implementing wind power generation in Kuwait with a power generation capacity of 105 MW based on 50 wind turbines, which has a major requirement for clean energy. The study focused on three main areas of analysis and numerical modeling using the RETScreen software tool. The first area involved evaluating the performance and efficacy of generating wind power by collecting, analyzing, and modeling data on observed wind levels, wind turbine operation, and wind power generation. The second area comprised an environmental impact review to assess the environmental benefits of implementing wind power. The third area involved economic analysis of installing wind power in Kuwait. The analysis was undertaken to assess the energy recovery time for wind energy and determine the mitigation of global warming and pollution levels, the decrease of toxic emissions, and any cost savings from implementing clean energy systems in Kuwait. Additionally, sensitivity analysis was undertaken to determine the impact of certain variables in the modeling process. The results are used to estimate that the energy price would be $0.053 per kWh for a power generation capacity of 105 MWh based on an initial cost of $168 million and O&M of $5 million for 214,000 MWh of electricity exported to the grid. Moreover, the wind turbine farm will potentially avoid the emission of approximately 1.8 million tonnes of carbon dioxide per year, thereby saving approximately $9 million over 20 years spent installing carbon capture systems for conventional power plants. The wind farm containing a simple wind turbine is estimated to have a payback period of 9.1 years.

scholarly journals Acoustic characteristics of a ported shroud turbocompressor operating at design conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1454-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidharath Sharma ◽  
Alberto Broatch ◽  
Jorge García-Tíscar ◽  
John M Allport ◽  
Ambrose K Nickson
Keyword(s):  
Decomposition Methods ◽  
Broadband Noise ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Noise Generation ◽  
Noise Emission ◽  
Spectral Signatures ◽  
Surge Margin ◽  
Flow Enhancement ◽  
Ported Shroud ◽  
The Impact

In this article, the acoustic characterisation of a turbocharger compressor with ported shroud design is carried out through the numerical simulation of the system operating under design conditions of maximum isentropic efficiency. While ported shroud compressors have been proposed as a way to control the flow near unstable conditions in order to obtain a more stable operation and enhance deep surge margin, it is often assumed that the behaviour under stable design conditions is characterised by a smooth, non-detached flow that matches an equivalent standard compressor. Furthermore, research is scarce regarding the acoustic effects of the ported shroud addition, especially under the design conditions. To analyse the flow field evolution and its relation with the noise generation, spectral signatures using statistical and scale-resolving turbulence modelling methods are obtained after successfully validating the performance and acoustic predictions of the numerical model with experimental measurements. Propagation of the frequency content through the ducts has been estimated with the aid of pressure decomposition methods to enhance the content coming from the compressor. Expected acoustic phenomena such as ‘buzz-saw’ tones, blade passing peaks and broadband noise are correctly identified in the modelled spectrum. Analysis of the flow behaviour in the ported shroud shows rotating structures through the slot that may impact the acoustic and vibration response. Further inspection of the pressure field through modal decomposition confirms the influence of the ported shroud cavity in noise generation and propagation, especially at lower frequencies, suggesting that further research should be carried out on the impact these flow enhancement solutions have on the noise emission of the turbocharger.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Wind Speed on the Dynamics of the Wind Energy System

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 628-633
Author(s):  
Florenţiu Deliu ◽  
Petrică Popov ◽  
Paul Burlacu
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Wind Energy System ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The paper analyzes the operation of electric power subsystem consisting of the naval marine wind turbine, the synchronous generator and the electric accumulators at linear and exponential variations of wind speed. The management system is analyzed using various functions of wind speed variation. This subsystem requires to capture the wind energy with maximum efficiency, so a diesel engine and a synchronous generator subsystem can be used only as a complementary source of energy.

Adaptive Gain Modified Optimal Torque Controller for Wind Turbine Partial Load Operation

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheren Ma ◽  
Mohamed L. Shaltout ◽  
Dongmei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Gain Scheduling ◽  
Light Detection And Ranging ◽  
Operating Point ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, an adaptive gain modified optimal torque controller (AGMOTC) is proposed and evaluated for wind turbine partial load operation. An internal PI technique is applied for gain scheduling in order to accelerate the controller response under volatile wind speed while the adaptive searching technique endows the controller with robust convergence to the optimal operating point under plant uncertainties. The light detection and ranging (LIDAR) technology is integrated with the AGMOTC to provide reliable previewed wind speed measurements. Simulations on the NREL 5MW wind turbine show that the LIDAR-enabled AGMOTC outperforms the baseline controller considering the wind energy yield. Additionally, the results show the impact of the proposed controller on the wind turbine fatigue loads.

Modeling and Analysis of Aerodynamic Noise in Milling Cutters

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthikeyan Sampath ◽  
Shiv G. Kapoor ◽  
Richard E. DeVor
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Noise Spectrum ◽  
Rotational Frequency ◽  
Face Milling ◽  
Broadband Noise ◽  
Aerodynamic Noise ◽  
Noise Generation ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Exposure Limit

Aerodynamic noise generated in high speed face milling cutters is usually much higher than the noise exposure limit set by OSHA. Experiments were conducted on two different face milling cutters to understand the aerodynamic noise generation in face milling cutters. It is observed that dipole sources of noise are most important in determining the noise generation in rotating face milling cutters. The aerodynamic noise spectrum consists of discrete tones at the rotational frequency and a broad range of higher frequencies, with the broadband spectrum contributing significantly to overall noise. A mathematical model based on the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings Equation is used to predict (un-weighted) aerodynamic noise. The noise predicted compares well with the experimental observations. The cutter gullet shape was found to be an important factor in determining broadband noise.

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