Fused Deposition Modeling With Added Vibrations: A Parametric Study on the Accuracy of Printed Parts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Dei Rossi ◽  
Ozgur Keles ◽  
Vimal Viswanathan
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Students ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Maximum Amplitude ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed

Abstract Additive manufacturing is a potentially disruptive technology with a rapidly growing market. The recent development of RepRap style 3D printers has made this technology available to the public at a low cost. While these 3D printers are being used for a variety of purposes, many mechanical engineering students use them for prototyping in their projects. The quality of the 3D printed parts has been a concern in such cases. There are many variables within the operation of these printers that can be varied to obtain optimum print quality. This study explores the use of externally induced mechanical vibrations to the nozzle tip as a potential method to improve the quality of 3D printed parts. Induced vibration is expected to decrease the porosity of printed parts and improve the cohesion between print beads, ultimately improving their mechanical properties. The objective is to understand the positional accuracy of the prints with the added vibration and then to determine the optimum level of vibration to achieve best quality prints. For the study, the extruder filament is replaced with a pointed-tip pen that can mark the exact location where the printer delivers the material. A comparison between the locations marked by the pen with and without vibrations shows that the errors induced by the added vibration are not significantly different from those caused by the uncertainties of the printer itself. Further, this study also explores the optimum motor speeds to achieve a uniform distribution of material and determines medium motor speeds that provide maximum amplitude of vibration which are more desirable for a uniform infill.

scholarly journals Parameters Influencing the Outcome of Additive Manufacturing of Tiny Medical Devices Based on PEEK

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqiao Wang ◽  
Wolf-Dieter Müller ◽  
Adam Rumjahn ◽  
Andreas Schwitalla
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Polyether Ether Ketone ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Ether Ketone

In this review, we discuss the parameters of fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology used in finished parts made from polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and also the possibility of printing small PEEK parts. The published articles reporting on 3D printed PEEK implants were obtained using PubMed and search engines such as Google Scholar including references cited therein. The results indicate that although many have been experiments conducted on PEEK 3D printing, the consensus on a suitable printing parameter combination has not been reached and optimized parameters for printing worth pursuing. The printing of reproducible tiny-sized PEEK parts with high accuracy has proved to be possible in our experiments. Understanding the relationships among material properties, design parameters, and the ultimate performance of finished objects will be the basis for further improvement of the quality of 3D printed medical devices based on PEEK and to expand the polymers applications.

scholarly journals Assessment of Compatibility between Various Intraoral Scanners and 3D Printers through an Accuracy Analysis of 3D Printed Models

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4419
Author(s):  
Chang-Hee Im ◽  
Ji-Man Park ◽  
Jang-Hyun Kim ◽  
You-Jung Kang ◽  
Jee-Hwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Treatment Considerations ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed

To assess the accuracy of various intraoral scanners (IOSs) and to investigate the existence of mutual compatibility that affects the accuracy between IOS and 3-dimensional (3D) printing using a scan quadrant model. For clinical implication, crown preparations and cavity design according to prosthetic diagnosis and treatment considerations must be acquired by a digital scanner. The selected typodont model was scanned using a reference scanner, from which reference (Ref) standard tessellation language (STL) data were created. Data obtained by scanning the typodont model with IOSs based on three different technologies were divided into three groups (CS3600, i500, and Trios3). Scanned data from the groups were divided into sub-groups of digital light processing (DLP), fused deposition modeling (FDM), and stereolithography apparatus (SLA), based on which 3D printed models (3DP) were fabricated. The 3DP dental models were scanned to obtain a total of 90 3DP STL datasets. The best-fit algorithm of 3D analysis software was used for teeth and arch measurements, while trueness was analyzed by calculating the average deviation among measured values based on superimposition of Ref and IOS and 3DP data. The differences between Ref and IOS (Ref-IOS), Ref and 3DP (Ref-IOS/3DP), and IOS and 3DP data (IOS-3DP) were compared and analyzed, while accuracy within each of the three main groups was assessed. For statistical analysis, the Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney U, and repeated measures ANOVA test were used (p < 0.05). The major finding is that the mutual relationships between IOSs and 3D printers vary depending on the combination. However, i500 intraoral scanner and DLP 3D printer was the combination that showed the best trueness value.

scholarly journals Dimensional Stability of 3D Printed Objects Made from Plastic Waste Using FDM: Potential Construction Applications

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Essam Zaneldin ◽  
Waleed Ahmed ◽  
Aya Mansour ◽  
Amged El Hassan
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed

Construction projects are often challenged by tight budgets and limited time and resources. Contractors are, therefore, looking for ways to become competitive by improving efficiency and using cost-effective materials. Using three-dimensional (3D) printing for shaping materials to produce cost-effective construction elements is becoming a feasible option to make contractors more competitive locally and globally. The process capabilities for 3D printers and related devices have been tightened in recent years with the booming of 3D printing industries and applications. Contractors are attempting to improve production skills to satisfy firm specifications and standards, while attempting to have costs within competitive ranges. The aim of this research is to investigate and test the production process capability (Cp) of 3D printers using fused deposition modeling (FDM) to manufacture 3D printed parts made from plastic waste for use in the construction of buildings with different infill structures and internal designs to reduce cost. This was accomplished by calculating the actual requirement capabilities of the 3D printers under consideration. The production capabilities and requirements of FDM printers are first examined to develop instructions and assumptions to assist in deciphering the characteristics of the 3D printers that will be used. Possible applications in construction are then presented. As an essential outcome of this study, it was noticed that the 3D printed parts made from plastic waste using FDM printers are less expensive than using traditional lightweight non-load bearing concrete hollow masonry blocks, hourdi slab hollow bocks, and concrete face bricks.

scholarly journals I Spy with My Little Eye: A Paediatric Visual Preferences Survey of 3D Printed Tablets

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1100
Author(s):  
Patricija Januskaite ◽  
Xiaoyan Xu ◽  
Sejal R. Ranmal ◽  
Simon Gaisford ◽  
Abdul W. Basit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Taste Masking ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
Target Product ◽  
Target Product Profile ◽  
Patient Acceptability ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Product Profile ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Quality Target Product Profile

3D printing (3DP) in the pharmaceutical field is a disruptive technology that allows the preparation of personalised medicines at the point of dispensing. The paediatric population presents a variety of pharmaceutical formulation challenges such as dose flexibility, patient compliance, taste masking and the fear or difficulty to swallow tablets, all factors that could be overcome using the adaptable nature of 3DP. User acceptability studies of 3D printed formulations have been previously carried out in adults; however, feedback from children themselves is essential in establishing the quality target product profile towards the development of age-appropriate medicines. The aim of this study was to investigate the preference of children for different 3D printed tablets (Printlets™) as an important precursor to patient acceptability studies. Four different 3DP technologies; digital light processing (DLP), selective laser sintering (SLS), semi-solid extrusion (SSE) and fused deposition modeling (FDM) were used to prepare placebo printlets with similar physical attributes including size and shape. A single-site, two-part survey was completed with participants aged 4–11 years to determine their preference and opinions based on visual inspection of the printlets. A total of 368 participants completed an individual open questionnaire to visually select the best and worst printlet, and 310 participants completed further non-compulsory open questions to elaborate on their choices. Overall, the DLP printlets were the most visually appealing to the children (61.7%) followed by the SLS printlets (21.2%), and with both the FDM (5.4%) and SSE (11.7%) printlets receiving the lowest scores. However, after being informed that the SSE printlets were chewable, the majority of participants changed their selection and favoured this printlet, despite their original choice, in line with children’s preference towards chewable dosage forms. Participant age and sex displayed no significant differences in printlet selection. Printlet descriptions were grouped into four distinct categories; appearance, perceived taste, texture and familiarity, and were found to be equally important when creating a quality target product profile for paediatric 3D printed formulations. This study is the first to investigate children’s perceptions of printlets, and the findings aim to provide guidance for further development of paediatric-appropriate medicines using different 3DP technologies.

Robot Arm Platform for Additive Manufacturing Using Multi-Plane Toolpaths

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismayuzri Bin Ishak ◽  
Joseph Fisher ◽  
Pierre Larochelle
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Industrial Robot ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Robot Arm ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Modeling Techniques ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed

This article discusses the concept of using an industrial robot arm platform for additive manufacturing. The concept being explored is the integration of existing additive manufacturing process technologies with an industrial robot arm to create a 3D printer with a multi-plane layering capability. The objective is to develop multi-plane toolpath motions that will leverage the increased capability of the robot arm platform compared to conventional gantry-style 3D printers. This approach enables print layering in multiple planes whereas existing conventional 3D printers are restricted to a single toolpath plane (e.g. x-y plane). This integration combines the fused deposition modeling techniques using an extruder head that is typically used in 3D printing and a 6 degree of freedom robot arm. Here, a Motoman SV3X is used as the platform for the robot arm. A higher level controller is used to control the robot and the extruder. To communicate with the robot, MotoCom SDK libraries is used to develop the interfacing software between the higher level controller and the robot arm controller. The integration of these systems enabled multi-plane toolpath motions to be utilized to produce 3D printed parts. A test block has been 3D printed using this integrated system.

scholarly journals Study on Properties of Automatically Designed 3D-Printed Customized Prosthetic Sockets

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5240
Author(s):  
Filip Górski ◽  
Radosław Wichniarek ◽  
Wiesław Kuczko ◽  
Magdalena Żukowska
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Automated Design ◽  
Process Stability ◽  
Strength Criteria ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Comfort Criteria

This paper presents the results of experiments conducted on a batch of additively manufactured customized prosthetic sockets for upper limbs, made of thermoplastics and designed automatically on the basis of a 3D-scanned limb of a 3-year-old patient. The aim of this work was to compare sockets made of two different materials—rigid PLA and elastic TPE. Two distinct socket designs with various mounting systems were prepared. To find a reliable set of parameters for cheap and stable manufacturing of usable prostheses using 3D printers, realizing the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process, sets of sockets were manufactured with various process parameters. This paper presents the methodology of the design, the plan of the experiments and the obtained results in terms of process stability, fit and assessment by patient, as well as strength of the obtained sockets and their measured surface roughness. The results are promising, as most of the obtained products fulfil the strength criteria, although not all of them meet the fitting and use comfort criteria. As a result, recommendations of materials and process parameters were determined. These parameters were included in a prototype of the automated design and production system developed by the authors, and prostheses for several other patients were manufactured.

Analysis of Correlation Between Contrast and Component of Polylatic Acid Composite for Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printing

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 5107-5111
Author(s):  
Kyu-Hyon Son ◽  
Jung-Hun Kim ◽  
Dong-Eun Kim ◽  
Min-Sik Kang ◽  
Joo-Heon Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Cie Lab

Additive manufacturing or three-dimensional (3D) printing is considered a disruptive technology for producing components with topologically optimized complex geometries as well as functionalities that are not achievable by traditional methods. 3D printing is expected to revolutionize the manufacturing of components. While several 3D printing systems are available, printing based on fused-deposition modeling (FDM) using thermoplastics is particularly widespread because of the simplicity and potential applicability of the method. In this study, we report the analysis of correlation between contrast and component of polylactic acid (PLA) based composite for FDM 3D printing. The pre-fabricated white composite and black composite were mixed in the fraction of 100:0, 90:10, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100% (v/v) and the obtained mixture was extruded using HX-35 3D filament extrusion line. The samples in different contrast were printed in disk like shape, and the gray scale filaments and 3D printed samples were measured the morphology and components using a field emission scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The CIE-lab values of the samples were measured using a colorimeter and the correlation between CIE-lab values and the components were analyzed. Although the component of Ti was linearly increased, the CIE-lab values show a clear exponential increase by increasing the white composite.

scholarly journals Method of smoothing the surface of additively manufactured polylactide by thermal treatment in sodium chloride

2021 ◽  
Vol 338 ◽  
pp. 01022
Author(s):  
Jan Pawlik ◽  
Damian Dzienniak
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed

The paper contains a study of the influence of thermal treatment of the 3D-printed polylactide parts in sodium chloride dust on the surface roughness of the manufactured part. The conducted experiment features annealing with the use of two different sizes of NaCl crystals and two levels of temperature. All the samples were made with natural polylactic acid filament using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) method. The samples were put into a salt scaffold and placed in the electric furnace to remelt the surface of the part while keeping pressure on the walls to prevent unwanted deformation. The results show that it is possible to improve the quality of additively manufactured component’s surfaces as long as optimal parameters are applied.

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