Demonstrating the Generation of Bond Graphs From 3D Assemblies

Author(s):  
Corey J. Alicchio ◽  
Justin S. Vitiello ◽  
Pradeep Radhakrishnan

Abstract The bond graph method provides a generic and simple way to compute differential equations and dynamic responses for complex mechatronic systems. This paper will illustrate the process of automatically generating bond graphs from 3D CAD assemblies of gear-trains. Using appropriate CAD application programming interfaces (APIs), information on parts and mates within an existing assembly is extracted. The extracted information is stored as an identity graph, which also stores all geometry and mass related information of every part. Grammar rules are then used to transform the identity graph to a system graph, which is then converted to bond graph using an existing bond graph generation program. The paper will discuss the process, challenges and planned future work.

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Rosenberg ◽  
E. D. Goodman ◽  
Kisung Seo

Abstract Mechatronic system design differs from design of single-domain systems, such as electronic circuits, mechanisms, and fluid power systems, in part because of the need to integrate the several distinct domain characteristics in predicting system behavior. The goal of our work is to develop an automated procedure that can explore mechatronic design space in a topologically open-ended manner, yet still find appropriate configurations efficiently enough to be useful. Our approach combines bond graphs for model representation with genetic programming for generating suitable design candidates as a means of exploring the design space. Bond graphs allow us to capture the common energy behavior underlying the several physical domains of mechatronic systems in a uniform notation. Genetic programming is an effective way to generate design candidates in an open-ended, but statistically structured, manner. Our initial goal is to identify the key issues in merging the bond graph modeling tool with genetic programming for searching. The first design problem we chose is that of finding a model that has a specified set of eigenvalues. The problem can be studied using a restricted set of bond graph elements to represent suitable topologies. We present the initial results of our studies and identify key issues in advancing the approach toward becoming an effective and efficient open-ended design tool for mechatronic systems.


Author(s):  
Daniel Grande ◽  
Felice Mancini ◽  
Pradeep Radhakrishnan

This paper presents a graph grammar based automated tool that can generate bond graphs of various systems for dynamic analysis. A generic graph grammar based representation scheme has been developed for different system components and bond graph elements. Using that representation, grammar rules have been developed that enable interpreting a given system and generating bond graph through an algorithmic search process. Besides, the paper also demonstrates the utility of the proposed tool in classrooms to enhance value in bond graph based system dynamics education. The underlying technique, various examples and benefits of this automated tool will be highlighted.


Author(s):  
Darina Hroncová

Urgency of the research. The bond graphs theory aim for to formulate general class physical systems over power interactions. The factors of power are effort and flow. They have different interpretations in different physical domains. Yet, power can always be used as a generalized resource to model coupled systems residing in several energy domains. Target setting. Formalism of power graphs enables to describe different physical systems and their interactions in a uniform, algorithmizable way and transform them into state space description. This is useful when analyzing mechatronic systems transforming various forms of energy (electrical, fluid, mechanical) by means of information signals to the resulting mechanical energy. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Over the past two decades the theory of Bond Graphs has been paying attention to universities around the world, and bond graphs have been part of study programs at an ever-increasing number of universities. In the last decade, their industrial use is becoming increasingly important. The Bond Graphs method was introduced by Henry M. Paynter (1923-2002), a professor at MIT & UT Austin, who started publishing his works since 1959 and gradually worked out the terminology and formalism known today as Bond Graphs translated as binding graphs or performance graphs. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The electrical system model is solved with the help of the above mentioned bond graphs formalism. Gradually, the theory of power graphs in the above example is explained up to the construction of state equations of the electrical system. The state equations are then solved in Matlab / Simulink. The statement of basic materials. Using bond graphs theory to simulate electrical system and verify its suitability for simulating electrical models. In various versions of the parameters of model we can monitor its behavior under different operating conditions. The language of bond graphs aspires to express general class physical systems through power interactions. The factors of power i.e., effort and flow, have different interpretations in different physical domains. Yet, power can always be used as a generalized coordinate to model coupled systems residing in several energy domains. Conclusions. We introduced a method of systematically constructing a bond graph of an electrical system model using Bond graphs. A practical example of an electrical model is given as an application of this methodology. Causal analysis also provides information about the correctness of the model. Differential equations describing the dynamics of the system in terms of system states were derived from a simple electrical system coupling graph. The results correspond to the equations obtained by the classical manual method, where first the equations for individual components are created and then a simulation scheme is derived based on them. The presented methodology uses the reverse procedure. However, manually deriving equations for more complex systems is not so simple. Bond charts prove to be a suitable means of analysis, among other systems and electrical systems.


1974 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Ort ◽  
H. R. Martens

A procedure for converting causally assigned bond graphs into corresponding linear graphs is presented. Topological relations between bond graphs and linear graphs are stipulated. Correspondences between bonds of a bond graph and edges of a system graph, power flows on bonds and orientation of edges, and a causal assignment and the selection of a tree are discussed. Special consideration is given to the uniqueness of the results, odd loops, and causal loops.


1974 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Tsai ◽  
S. M. Wang

The dynamic responses of geared torsional systems are analyzed with the delay-bond graph technique. By transforming the power variables into torsional wave variables, the torsional elements are modeled as transmission line elements. The nonlinear elements, e.g., varying tooth stiffness, gear-tooth backlash, and nonlinear damping, are incorporated into the ideal transmission line element. A computational algorithm is established where the state variables of the system are expressed in terms of wave scattering variables and the dynamic responses are then obtained in both time and space domains. The simulation results of several simple examples of linear and nonlinear geared torsional systems are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of this algorithm.


2013 ◽  
Vol 198 ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Płaczek

Work presents a proposal of an analysis method of the piezoelectric transducer. The considered system is a longitudinally vibrating single PZT plate. The main aim of this work is to designate characteristics of the considered PZT plate. Using constitutive equations of piezoelectric materials and an equation of the plates motion a matrix of characteristics of the system was obtained. Relations between mechanical and electrical parameters (forces, displacements, electric current and voltage) that describe behaviour of the system are included in the matrix of characteristics. A dynamic flexibility relation between the plates deformation and a force applied to the system is considered. A structural damping of the plates material was being taken into consideration and its influence on the plates dynamic flexibility is analysed. This work is an introduction to a task of analysis of complex systems. In future work the developed model and proposed mathematical algorithm will be used to analyse piezoelectric stacks. Non-classical methods will be used. It is a part of research works of Gliwice research centre related with an analysis and synthesis of mechanical and mechatronic systems [4-7,9,10,16-18]. Passive and active mechanical and mechatronic systems with piezoelectric transducers were analysed [1-3]. Works were also supported by computer-aided methods [8]. Both classical and non-classical methods were being considered. The discussed subject is important due to increasing number of applications of both simple and reverse piezoelectric phenomena in various modern technical devices.


1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Perelson

The lack of arbitrariness in the choice of bond graph sign conventions is established. It is shown that an unoriented bond graph may have no unique meaning and that with certain choices of orientation a bond graph may not correspond to any lumped parameter system constructed from the same set of elements. Network interpretations of these two facts are given. Defining a bond graph as an oriented object leads to the consideration of equivalence classes of oriented bond graphs which represent the same system. It is also shown that only changes in the orientation of bonds connecting 0-junctions and 1-junctions can lead to changes in the observable properties of a bond graph model.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Cudmore ◽  
Michael Pan ◽  
Peter J. Gawthrop ◽  
Edmund J. Crampin

AbstractLike all physical systems, biological systems are constrained by the laws of physics. However, mathematical models of biochemistry frequently neglect the conservation of energy, leading to unrealistic behaviour. Energy-based models that are consistent with conservation of mass, charge and energy have the potential to aid the understanding of complex interactions between biological components, and are becoming easier to develop with recent advances in experimental measurements and databases. In this paper, we motivate the use of bond graphs (a modelling tool from engineering) for energy-based modelling and introduce, BondGraphTools, a Python library for constructing and analysing bond graph models. We use examples from biochemistry to illustrate how BondGraphTools can be used to automate model construction in systems biology while maintaining consistency with the laws of physics.


2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20170026 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. de Bono ◽  
S. Safaei ◽  
P. Grenon ◽  
P. Hunter

We introduce, and provide examples of, the application of the bond graph formalism to explicitly represent biophysical processes between and within modular biological compartments in ApiNATOMY. In particular, we focus on modelling scenarios from acid–base physiology to link distinct process modalities as bond graphs over an ApiNATOMY circuit of multiscale compartments. The embedding of bond graphs onto ApiNATOMY compartments provides a semantically and mathematically explicit basis for the coherent representation, integration and visualisation of multiscale physiology processes together with the compartmental topology of those biological structures that convey these processes.


2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin C. Redfield

Abstract Models of a small-scale water rocket are developed as an example of open system modeling by both the bond graph approach and a more classical method. One goal of the development is to determine the benefits of the bond graph approach into affording insight into the system dynamics. Both modeling approaches yield equivalent differential equations as they should, while the bond graph approach yields significantly more insight into the system dynamics. If a modeling goal is to simply find the system equations and predict behavior, the classical approach may be more expeditious. If insight and ease of model modification are desired, the bond graph technique is probably the better choice. But then you have to learn it!


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