scholarly journals Freezing Technique Applied to an Offshore Pipeline at Campos Basin in Brazil

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Ibajé O. Bueno ◽  
Philip B. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
The Other ◽  
Campos Basin ◽  
Offshore Pipeline ◽  
Conventional Methods

This paper describes an offshore pipeline freezing technique that was used to isolate a gas pipeline to effect repairs and to and perform associated tests. The freezing technique was used after evaluation and land testing and was successful in returning the pipeline to production much sooner that the other compared conventional methods. This technique reduced the amount of water used in the gas pipeline and enabled the repairs to be pressure tested prior to returning the pipeline to service.

scholarly journals DABCO Catalyzed Synthesis of Xanthene Derivatives in Aqueous Media

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Paliwal ◽  
Srinivasa Rao Jetti ◽  
Anjna Bhatewara ◽  
Tanuja Kadre ◽  
Shubha Jain
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Reaction Time ◽  
Xanthene Derivatives ◽  
Reaction Proceeds ◽  
Conventional Methods

The reaction of 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione with various heteroarylaldehydes afforded the corresponding heteroaryl substituted xanthene derivatives 1(a–f). The reaction proceeds via the initial Knoevenagel, subsequent Michael, and final heterocyclization reactions using 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) as a catalyst in aqueous media. The synthesized heteroaryl substituted xanthenes 1(a–f) reacted with malononitrile to obtain different alkylidenes 2(a–f). Short reaction time, environmentally friendly procedure, avoiding of cumbersome apparatus, and excellent yields are the main advantages of this procedure which makes it more economic than the other conventional methods.

A Note on Some Elementary Derangement and Allied Problems

1960 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
M. T. L. Bizley
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Conventional Methods

The following method of solving a certain type of problem in permutations and combinations, and in probability, is so simple that it must have been used before. On the other hand, the writer has never seen it expounded in the following form, and it does not seem to be well known to students. Whilst, therefore, no originality is claimed, this note may be found of interest to readers; and they may care to compare the length of the solutions to the examples below with those to be found in the text-books employing more conventional methods.

Comparison of the Conventional and the Ultrasound Methods of Liposuction

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziya Saylan
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Ultrasound Method ◽  
Short Recovery Time ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Very High

This article compares the results of the ultrasound and the conventional methods of liposuction and tries to determine the advantages of the ultrasound method. In comparison to the conventional method, ultrasound liposuction shows much better results in saddlebags, the abdominal wall, and the buttocks. The treatment of cellulite with ultrasound liposuction has proved to be more successful and the lift effect of the skin remains 4–6 months longer than with conventional liposuction. On the other hand, the long-term results do not show any significant differences between the two methods; we have observed equal results from both techniques after six months. Ultrasound liposuction at the knees, inner thighs, arms, and ankles has proven not to be very successful. The advantages of the ultrasound method are less pain, less bruising, less blood in the aspirate, and a short recovery time. The disadvantages are the very high expenses and the impossibility of using the aspirated fat again.

scholarly journals A comparative study of optimization methods and conventional methods for sampling design in fishery-independent surveys

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1873-1882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Liu ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
Jiahua Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Sampling Design ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Optimal Sampling ◽  
Optimal Sampling Design ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Liu, Y., Chen, Y., and Cheng, J. 2009. A comparative study of optimization methods and conventional methods for sampling design in fishery-independent surveys. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1873–1882. We have introduced and evaluated a procedure, the constrained spatial simulated annealing method, for developing an optimal sampling design for fishery-independent surveys. We used two criterion functions, minimization of the mean of the shortest distance (MMSD) and uniform distribution of point pairs for variogram estimation (WM), and three arrangements of the two criteria, all WM, all MMSD, and a combination of MMSD (2/3 of samples) and WM (1/3), to construct three optimized sampling designs (denoted as Designs I, II, and III, respectively). These three designs were compared in a simulation study with systematic sampling (Design IV) and stratified random sampling designs (Design V), commonly used in fishery-independent surveys. Three levels of sample size (small, medium, and large) were considered in the simulation study developed using a geostatistical approach. The results showed that for parameter estimation of the spatial covariance function, Design III was better than the other designs at relatively small sample size and Design II performed better than the other designs at relatively large sample size. For estimating fish stock abundance, the performance of the designs considered in this study can be ranked as follows: Design II > Design IV > Design III > Design V > Design I. It is clearly important to evaluate and improve sampling design based on historical survey data. Such a study allows us to identify an optimal sampling design to balance the quality of the data collected and the costs of the sampling programme, leading to the development and optimization of a sustainable and fishery-independent monitoring programme.

scholarly journals Magnetotellurics with a remote magnetic reference

Geophysics ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Gamble ◽  
W. M. Goubau ◽  
J. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Apparent Resistivity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Impedance Tensor ◽  
Free Data ◽  
Electric And Magnetic Fields ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Magnetotelluric measurements were performed simultaneously at two sites 4.8 km apart near Hollister, California. SQUID magnetometers were used to measure fluctuations in two orthogonal horizontal components of the magnetic field. The data obtained at each site were analyzed using the magnetic fields at the other site as a remote reference. In this technique, one multiplies the equations relating the Fourier components of the electric and magnetic fields by a component of magnetic field from the remote reference. By averaging the various crossproducts, estimates of the impedance tensor not biased by noise are obtained, provided there are no correlations between the noises in the remote channels and noises in the local channels. For some data, conventional methods of analysis yielded estimates of apparent resistivities that were biased by noise by as much as two orders of magnitude. Nevertheless, estimates of the apparent resistivity obtained from these same data, using the remote reference technique, were consistent with apparent resistivities calculated from relatively noise‐free data at adjacent periods. The estimated standard deviation for periods shorter than 3 sec was less than 5 percent, and for 87 percent of the data, was less than 2 percent. Where data bands overlapped between periods of 0.33 sec and 1 sec, the average discrepancy between the apparent resistivities was 1.8 percent.

scholarly journals Use of Google Form in Support of Data Collection for Student Scientific Work

JUDIMAS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Tri Widayanti
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Application Form ◽  
Direct Practice ◽  
Know How ◽  
Study Programs ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Conventional Methods

<p>The creation and dissemination of questionnaires conventionally has an impact in data collection and completion of thesis for longer. While on the other hand students should be able to complete college on time. The accuracy of students completing lectures also affects the accreditation of study programs and universities. The purpose of community service implementation to foster knowledge and insight so that students can practice google form application in making questionnaires and collecting scientific work data online. Considering the number of students of the College of Economists Boedi Oetomo Pontianak who do not know how to make questionnaires using the google form application. So far, students are still using conventional methods in the manufacture and dissemination of questionnaires. The seminar was attended by 22 participants from the final semester of the Boedi Oetomo Pontianak College of Economics. Implementation of community service using lecture approach, direct practice guidance and discussion so that participants can understand the material delivered. Based on the results of Pretest and Postest showed that after the seminar all students can understand the use of google application form for the creation of questionnaires and data collection of scientific work.</p>

scholarly journals Corneal Epithelial Removal with a Newly Designed Epithelial Brush

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ho Seok Chung ◽  
Seung Hwan Moon ◽  
Soon-Suk Kang ◽  
Minseop Kim ◽  
Hun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Corneal Epithelial ◽  
Defect Area ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Proliferating Cell

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of a newly developed epithelial removal brush with conventional methods in a rabbit model of corneal epithelial defects. The corneal epithelia of thirty-seven rabbits were removed by three different methods including blades (blade group), newly developed epithelial brushes (Ocu group), and conventional rotating brushes (Amo group). The defect area was measured with light microscopy immediately and at 4, 18, 24, and 50 hours after removal. Corneas were obtained immediately and at 24 and 50 hours and subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunofluorescence staining using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and phosphorylated heat shock protein 27 (pHSP27) antibodies. The residual stromal surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the Ocu group, epithelia were significantly recovered at 18, 24, and 50 hours compared with immediately after removal, and in the blade and Amo groups, epithelia were significantly recovered only at 50 hours after epithelial removal. The expression levels of PCNA and pHSP27 did not differ among three groups. There was significantly more inflammatory cell infiltration in the blade group than in the other groups. SEM showed a more regular and uniform residual stromal surface in the Ocu group than in the other groups. The newly developed epithelial brush showed better polishing ability and led to earlier significant epithelial recovery and a more regular and uniform stromal surface than conventional methods in this rabbit model of epithelial defects. Accumulation of clinical data is expected to expand the scope of application of new brushes for laser surface ablation.

Some Efficient and Fast Approaches to Document Clustering

2010 ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Viswanth
Keyword(s):  
Document Clustering ◽  
Large Datasets ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Hybrid Scheme ◽  
Conventional Methods

Clustering is a process of finding natural grouping present in a dataset. Various clustering methods are proposed to work with various types of data. The quality of the solution as well as the time taken to derive the solution is important when dealing with large datasets like that in a typical documents database. Recently hybrid and ensemble based clustering methods are shown to yield better results than conventional methods. The chapter proposes two clustering methods; one is based on a hybrid scheme and the other based on an ensemble scheme. Both of these are experimentally verified and are shown to yield better and faster results.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the use of PetrifilmTM EB count plates for the enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae in poultry samples

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 588-593
Author(s):  
Tainá Drebes ◽  
Cláudia Majolo ◽  
Hans Fröder
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Glucose Agar ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Conventional Methods

A test that is rapid, simple, accurate, not expensive, gives rapid results, and is sensitive enough to detect low levels of microorganisms would be the most suitable for food industry routine laboratories, or even for a public health laboratories. A ready-to-use alternative, commercially available method is the PetrifilmTM EB method. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there is a statistically significant difference between the conventional methods based on Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar and the alternative 3M TM Petrifilm (EB) method for the enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae in poultry carcasses. This study also assessed whether the alternative method showed ability to produce results that were directly proportional to the concentration of the target (approximately 270 colony-forming unit.mL-1). A total of 120 poultry carcasses samples showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the populations obtained by the two methods, and the conventional method showed low proportionality between the dilutions. On the other hand, the PetrifilmTM EB quantification system showed the capacity to produce results that are proportional to the concentration of the analyte in samples in the concentration range from 1 to 256 colony-forming unit.mL-1.

Review Lecture - Cancer — the elusive enemy

1973 ◽  
Vol 183 (1071) ◽  
pp. 87-104 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Homeostatic Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Context

The evolution of multicellular organisms involves the possibility that what Professor Stoker in his recent Leeuwenhoek lecture (Stoker 1972) referred to as asocial cells may arise, i.e. cells which possess selective advantages in respect of their own survival but are disadvantageous as regards survival of the organism as a whole. Cancer provides a striking, though not unique, example of this phenomenon. The label enemy , which would certainly not be challenged by a patient with cancer or a clinician, seems therefore not inappropriate even in a strictly biological context. The reasons for the qualification elusive , which according to the O.E.D. connotes among other things the capacity ‘to escape adroitly from ’, will, I hope, become apparent in the course of the lecture, the main purpose of which is to consider where conventional methods of treating cancer fail and how they might be improved. In the course of this inquiry we shall have to consider also the question of the existence and nature of homeostatic mechanisms for the elimination or immobilization of asocial cells because, in so far as such mechanisms do exist, the risk of weakening them, and, on the other hand, the possibility of strengthening or supplementing them, become important considerations both in assessing existing therapeutic procedures and developing new ones.

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