Review Lecture - Cancer — the elusive enemy

1973 ◽  
Vol 183 (1071) ◽  
pp. 87-104 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Homeostatic Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Context

The evolution of multicellular organisms involves the possibility that what Professor Stoker in his recent Leeuwenhoek lecture (Stoker 1972) referred to as asocial cells may arise, i.e. cells which possess selective advantages in respect of their own survival but are disadvantageous as regards survival of the organism as a whole. Cancer provides a striking, though not unique, example of this phenomenon. The label enemy , which would certainly not be challenged by a patient with cancer or a clinician, seems therefore not inappropriate even in a strictly biological context. The reasons for the qualification elusive , which according to the O.E.D. connotes among other things the capacity ‘to escape adroitly from ’, will, I hope, become apparent in the course of the lecture, the main purpose of which is to consider where conventional methods of treating cancer fail and how they might be improved. In the course of this inquiry we shall have to consider also the question of the existence and nature of homeostatic mechanisms for the elimination or immobilization of asocial cells because, in so far as such mechanisms do exist, the risk of weakening them, and, on the other hand, the possibility of strengthening or supplementing them, become important considerations both in assessing existing therapeutic procedures and developing new ones.

A Note on Some Elementary Derangement and Allied Problems

1960 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
M. T. L. Bizley
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Conventional Methods

The following method of solving a certain type of problem in permutations and combinations, and in probability, is so simple that it must have been used before. On the other hand, the writer has never seen it expounded in the following form, and it does not seem to be well known to students. Whilst, therefore, no originality is claimed, this note may be found of interest to readers; and they may care to compare the length of the solutions to the examples below with those to be found in the text-books employing more conventional methods.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the use of PetrifilmTM EB count plates for the enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae in poultry samples

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 588-593
Author(s):  
Tainá Drebes ◽  
Cláudia Majolo ◽  
Hans Fröder
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Glucose Agar ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Conventional Methods

A test that is rapid, simple, accurate, not expensive, gives rapid results, and is sensitive enough to detect low levels of microorganisms would be the most suitable for food industry routine laboratories, or even for a public health laboratories. A ready-to-use alternative, commercially available method is the PetrifilmTM EB method. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there is a statistically significant difference between the conventional methods based on Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar and the alternative 3M TM Petrifilm (EB) method for the enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae in poultry carcasses. This study also assessed whether the alternative method showed ability to produce results that were directly proportional to the concentration of the target (approximately 270 colony-forming unit.mL-1). A total of 120 poultry carcasses samples showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the populations obtained by the two methods, and the conventional method showed low proportionality between the dilutions. On the other hand, the PetrifilmTM EB quantification system showed the capacity to produce results that are proportional to the concentration of the analyte in samples in the concentration range from 1 to 256 colony-forming unit.mL-1.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Cellular Senescence

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Vasileiou ◽  
Konstantinos Evangelou ◽  
Konstantinos Vlasis ◽  
Georgios Fildisis ◽  
Mihalis Panayiotidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mitochondrial Homeostasis ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Homeostatic Mechanisms

Cellular senescence refers to a stress response aiming to preserve cellular and, therefore, organismal homeostasis. Importantly, deregulation of mitochondrial homeostatic mechanisms, manifested as impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, metabolism and dynamics, has emerged as a hallmark of cellular senescence. On the other hand, impaired mitostasis has been suggested to induce cellular senescence. This review aims to provide an overview of homeostatic mechanisms operating within mitochondria and a comprehensive insight into the interplay between cellular senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction.

scholarly journals Smart Contract Based Industrial Data Preservation on Block Chain

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Sivaganesan D.
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Industrial Data ◽  
Data Preservation ◽  
Smart Contract ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Block Chain ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Self Organizing

The ground work for establishing the industrial 4.0 age involves the tiered architectures that are made up of multiple planes encompassed with the physical things that are embedded with internet capabilities. This infrastructure enables an incorporation of the various functions that are necessary in a manufacturing industry to enhance the efficiency of the industry, and contrivance a highly supple and a self-organizing industry that is smart. On the other hand it becomes essential to preserve the information’s safely as many internet enabled devices are utilized and more networks are formed for the proper incorporation of the various activities taking place. Since the conventional methods are inadequate the block chain method was most preferred due to its transparency and highly reliable and expedient services. To further structure a tamper proof network the blockchain is built with the smart contract laid on the system providing the impermeable authenticity on the industrial data transferred by securing the information’s against the authentication that is anonymous. The performance of the system is validated to on the basis of security provided on the transactions made, and the cost spent on the proposed design.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Life Beyond 1MeV

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
K.H. Westmacott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The U.S

Life beyond 1MeV – like life after 40 – is not too different unless one takes advantage of past experience and is receptive to new opportunities. At first glance, the returns on performing electron microscopy at voltages greater than 1MeV diminish rather rapidly as the curves which describe the well-known advantages of HVEM often tend towards saturation. However, in a country with a significant HVEM capability, a good case can be made for investing in instruments with a range of maximum accelerating voltages. In this regard, the 1.5MeV KRATOS HVEM being installed in Berkeley will complement the other 650KeV, 1MeV, and 1.2MeV instruments currently operating in the U.S. One other consideration suggests that 1.5MeV is an optimum voltage machine – Its additional advantages may be purchased for not much more than a 1MeV instrument. On the other hand, the 3MeV HVEM's which seem to be operated at 2MeV maximum, are much more expensive.

Can the Academic Self-Concept be Positive and Realistic?

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reimer Kornmann
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Other Hand

Summary: My comment is basically restricted to the situation in which less-able students find themselves and refers only to literature in German. From this point of view I am basically able to confirm Marsh's results. It must, however, be said that with less-able pupils the opposite effect can be found: Levels of self-esteem in these pupils are raised, at least temporarily, by separate instruction, academic performance however drops; combined instruction, on the other hand, leads to improved academic performance, while levels of self-esteem drop. Apparently, the positive self-image of less-able pupils who receive separate instruction does not bring about the potential enhancement of academic performance one might expect from high-ability pupils receiving separate instruction. To resolve the dilemma, it is proposed that individual progress in learning be accentuated, and that comparisons with others be dispensed with. This fosters a self-image that can in equal measure be realistic and optimistic.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

Don’t Put Me in This Group

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Jort de Vreeze ◽  
Christina Matschke
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Group Memberships

Abstract. Not all group memberships are self-chosen. The current research examines whether assignments to non-preferred groups influence our relationship with the group and our preference for information about the ingroup. It was expected and found that, when people are assigned to non-preferred groups, they perceive the group as different to the self, experience negative emotions about the assignment and in turn disidentify with the group. On the other hand, when people are assigned to preferred groups, they perceive the group as similar to the self, experience positive emotions about the assignment and in turn identify with the group. Finally, disidentification increases a preference for negative information about the ingroup.

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